Chapter 7: Evidence-Based Practice in Medical-Surgical Nursing

Chapter 7: Evidence-Based Practice in Medical-Surgical Nursing

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The cardiac nurse wants to know about the best practices to prevent pneumonia after open-heart surgery. What does the nurse do first?

a.	Critically appraise relevant evidence.
b.	Implement acceptable recommendations.
c.	Ask clinical experts for their opinions.
d.	Search for evidence to answer the question.

 

 

ANS:  D

The process of evidence-based practice (EBP) is systematic and consists of several steps. After asking “burning” clinical questions, the next step is to find the very best evidence to try to answer the question.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering                       REF:   p. 80

TOP:   Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment (Management of Care—Ethical Practice)     MSC:           Integrated Process: Nursing Process (Evaluation)

 

2. The nurse is identifying clinical practice problems on a cardiac unit. What question is a foreground question?

a.	“What is the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure?”
b.	“How does smoking affect the internal lumens of arteries?
c.	“What is the best treatment for a myocardial infarction?
d.	“How are a client’s vital signs affected by anxiety?”

 

 

ANS:  C

A foreground question asks a question of relationship and may be controversial (best treatment). All other questions are background questions, which ask for a fact.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering                       REF:   p. 80

TOP:   Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment (Management of Care—Ethical Practice)     MSC:           Integrated Process: Nursing Process (Planning)

 

3. The nursing student asks, “What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative clinical questions?” What is the nurse’s best response?

a.	“Qualitative questions utilize a strict statistical analysis of information.”
b.	“Quantitative questions identify relationships between measurable concepts.”
c.	“Qualitative questions ask about associations among defined phenomena.”
d.	“Quantitative questions analyze the content of what a person says or does.”

 

 

ANS:  B

Quantitative questions ask about the relationship between or among defined, measurable phenomena and include statistical analysis of information that is collected to answer a question. Qualitative questions focus on the meanings and interpretations of human phenomena or experiences of people and usually analyze the content of what a person says during an interview or what a researcher observes.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension/Understanding               REF:   p. 80

TOP:   Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment (Management of Care—Ethical Practice)     MSC:           Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning

 

4. The nurse is assessing the following PICO(T) question: In a 60-year-old woman with osteoarthritis, can a COX-2 inhibitor decrease the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding compared with other NSAIDs? What is the comparison component in this question?

a.	Osteoarthritis
b.	COX-2 inhibitor
c.	NSAIDs
d.	Gastrointestinal bleeding

 

 

ANS:  C

The comparison component of the clinical question may be the standard or the current treatment, or may be another intervention against which the innovative practice is compared. In this question, the standard or current practice is other NSAIDs. The innovative practice (COX-2 inhibitor) is compared against this standard.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering                       REF:   p. 80

TOP:    Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment (Management of Care—Ethical Practice)    MSC:            Integrated Process: Nursing Process (Planning