Chapter 8: Minerals

Chapter 8: Minerals

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The mineral present in the body in the greatest amount is

a.	sodium.
b.	calcium.
c.	iron.
d.	chloride.

 

 

ANS:  B

Calcium is present in the greatest amount in the body and functions in bone and teeth formation, blood clotting, muscle and nerve action, and metabolic reactions.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge            REF:   128                TOP:   Nursing Process: Planning

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

2. The factors most responsible for regulating calcium absorption from food are

a.	activity and diet.
b.	dietary intake and vitamin D hormone.
c.	metabolic rate and cardiovascular function.
d.	vitamin D hormone, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone.

 

 

ANS:  D

The absorption of dietary calcium depends on the interaction of three hormones—vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin—that directly control absorption along with indirect metabolic stimuli from the estrogen hormones.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge            REF:   130                TOP:   Nursing Process: Planning

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

3. Binding agents such as oxalic acid and phytic acid inhibit absorption of

a.	potassium.
b.	sodium.
c.	sulfur.
d.	calcium.

 

 

ANS:  D

Oxalic acid is a compound found in some plants such as spinach, rhubarb, Swiss chard, beet greens, and certain other vegetables and nuts that form insoluble salts with calcium, called oxalates.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge            REF:   132-133         TOP:   Nursing Process: Planning

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

 

4. The person most at risk for developing osteoporosis is a

a.	25-year-old woman who plays tennis 3 times a week.
b.	35-year-old woman who has sustained multiple trauma and is bedridden.
c.	55-year-old woman who exercises 3 times a week and consumes adequate milk and dairy products at least 3 times a day.
d.	14-year-old girl who runs track and drink 4 glasses of milk daily.

 

 

ANS:  B

Osteoporosis is not a primary calcium deficiency disease, but it does result from a combination of factors that create chronic calcium deficiency. These factors include inadequate intake, poor intestinal absorption connected with hormones controlling calcium absorption and metabolism, and lack of exercise that stimulates muscle insertion action on bones and determines the strength, shape, and mass of bone. The 35-year-old woman who is bedridden is at a higher risk for osteoporosis than the others who are active.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   131

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation, Reduction of Risk Potential

 

5. An example of a food that is a good source of calcium is

a.	kidney beans.
b.	whole-grain bread.
c.	yogurt.
d.	spinach.

 

 

ANS:  C

Good sources of calcium include milk and milk products, including cheese, yogurt, and ice cream.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   132-133         TOP:   Nursing Process: Planning

MSC:  NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation, Health Promotion and Maintenance