Chapter 83: Basic Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy

Chapter 83: Basic Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The nurse has been caring for a patient who has been taking antibiotics for 3 weeks. Upon assessing the patient, the nurse notices the individual has developed oral thrush. What describes the etiology of the thrush?

ANS:  D

Oral thrush is a manifestation of a superinfection. The development of thrush is not a symptom of antibiotic resistance. Oral thrush typically is not a community-acquired infection. The development of thrush is not a nosocomial infection.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   p. 1005

TOP:   Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Pharmacologic and Parenteral Therapies

2. The nurse is caring for a patient on a medical-surgical unit who has a fever of unknown origin. The prescriber has ordered a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Which intervention is the priority?

ANS:  D

It is essential that samples of exudates and body fluids (in this case, blood cultures) be obtained for culture before initiation of treatment. Administration of the antibiotic is important but not more important than obtaining specimens for culture. Antipyretics may be indicated, but the priority is obtaining specimens for culture. Treatment may be initiated before the test results are available.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   pp. 1007-1008

TOP:   Nursing Process: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Pharmacologic and Parenteral Therapies

3. The nurse is teaching a nursing student about the mechanism by which antimicrobial agents achieve selective toxicity. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching?

ANS:  C

Antimicrobial agents do not cause phagocytosis of bacterial cells. They do disrupt and weaken the bacterial cell wall; because human cells do not have cell walls, antimicrobial agents are not toxic to human cells. Some agents block the conversion of PABA to folic acid; humans do not synthesize folic acid and are not harmed by this process.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                REF:   pp. 1001-1002

TOP:   Nursing Process: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Pharmacologic and Parenteral Therapies

4. A child has received amoxicillin [Amoxil] for three previous ear infections, but a current otitis media episode is not responding to treatment. The nurse caring for this child suspects that resistance to the bacterial agent has occurred by which microbial mechanism?

ANS:  C

Drug inactivation can occur when microbes produce drug-metabolizing enzymes. Penicillin-resistant organisms, including many that cause otitis media, produce penicillinase. Alteration of drug target molecules, drug inactivation, and reduction of the drug concentration occur with other antimicrobials.

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application           REF:   pp. 1003-1005

TOP:   Nursing Process: Implementation

MSC:  NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Pharmacologic and Parenteral Therapies