Chapter 9: Ethical and Legal Issues Related to Advancing Science and Technologies

Chapter 9: Ethical and Legal Issues Related to Advancing Science and Technologies

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following factors must be considered in ethical decisions regarding interventions and preterm neonates?

ANS:  D

Correct D: All of the above must be considered. Preterm infants have many complications, requiring a multitude of often aggressive interventions. The risks and benefits to the child, the child’s comfort level, and the stress on the parents must all be considered. The health care team should engage in a collaborative process with the parents and consider alternative approaches to ethical challenges that build on relationships of trust and care, rather than simply focusing on the parents’ autonomy.

Incorrect A: All of the above must be considered. Preterm infants have many complications, requiring a multitude of often aggressive interventions. The risks and benefits to the child, the child’s comfort level, and the stress on the parents must all be considered. The health care team should engage in a collaborative process with the parents and consider alternative approaches to ethical challenges that build on relationships of trust and care, rather than simply focusing on the parents’ autonomy.

Incorrect B: All of the above must be considered. Preterm infants have many complications, requiring a multitude of often aggressive interventions. The risks and benefits to the child, the child’s comfort level, and the stress on the parents must all be considered. The health care team should engage in a collaborative process with the parents and consider alternative approaches to ethical challenges that build on relationships of trust and care, rather than simply focusing on the parents’ autonomy.

Incorrect C: All of the above must be considered. Preterm infants have many complications, requiring a multitude of often aggressive interventions. The risks and benefits to the child, the child’s comfort level, and the stress on the parents must all be considered. The health care team should engage in a collaborative process with the parents and consider alternative approaches to ethical challenges that build on relationships of trust and care, rather than simply focusing on the parents’ autonomy.

DIF:    Cognitive level: Knowledge             REF:   p. 312

2. Which of the following is the most significant in terms of ethical debate or potential ethical dilemmas?

ANS:  B

Correct B: Birth control, ultrasound, and Caesarian sections may conflict with the values of some people, but are all generally accepted as ethical practices. Defining infertility as a medical condition, as opposed to a social condition, is an ethical debate. Classifying infertility as a disease requiring medical solutions (e.g., fertility treatments) would open the door for reproductive technologies to be publicly funded.

Incorrect A: Birth control may conflict with the values of some people, but it is generally accepted as an ethical practice.

Incorrect C: Caesarian sections may conflict with the values of some people, but they are generally accepted as an ethical practice.

Incorrect D: Ultrasounds may conflict with the values of some people, but they are generally accepted as an ethical practice.

DIF:    Cognitive level: Analysis                 REF:   p. 298

3. Which of the following is the strongest argument against egg donation?

ANS:  D

Correct D: The strongest argument against egg donation is the ethical issue that there is the potential for abuse of the system, including the commodification of women’s reproduction. Presently in Canada, the sale of human tissue or body parts, including eggs, is illegal.

Incorrect A: The donor is usually younger than the recipient, but this is not the concern.

Incorrect B: Ovarian stimulation may be an ethical issue for some, but this is not the greatest concern.

Incorrect C: The anonymity of the donors may pose an ethical dilemma to some individuals, but this is not the greatest concern.

DIF:    Cognitive level: Analysis                 REF:   pp. 300, 307