Chapter 9--Genetics and the Multiple Determinants of Health

Chapter 9–Genetics and the Multiple Determinants of Health

 

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. A client is found to be heterozygous for a normal gene and an abnormal gene. The nurse realizes this client would be considered a(n):

1.	affected individual.
2.	carrier.
3.	genetically defective.
4.	mutated individual.

 

 

ANS:  2

A carrier is unaware of the presence of a mutated gene. An affected individual exhibits the disease or condition. The client is not genetically defective nor mutated.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Analyze         REF:   Fundamentals of Genetics

 

2. A client is diagnosed with a chromosomal abnormality that occurred during cell division and resulted in the formation of two cells, each with the same chromosome complement as the parent cell. The nurse realizes that the abnormality occurred during:

1.	conception.
2.	birth.
3.	meiosis.
4.	mitosis.

 

 

ANS:  4

Mitosis is the cell division resulting in two cells each with the same chromosome complement of the parent cell. Meiosis is the division of cells to produce four gametes containing the haploid number of chromosomes. Cell division occurs after conception. Cell division occurs during the formation of the embryo and fetus and is complete upon birth.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Analyze         REF:   Chromosomal Abnormalities

 

3. From genetic testing, a client is found to have the correct number of chromosomes within cells. The nurse would document this finding as being:

1.	aneuploidy.
2.	diploid.
3.	euploidy.
4.	haploid.

 

 

ANS:  3

Euploidy refers to the correct number of chromosomes in a cell. Diploid refers to two complete sets of chromosomes. Haploid refers to having one complete set of chromosomes. Aneuploidy refers to a condition in which the numerical deviation is not an exact multiple of the haploid number and is the most common chromosomal abnormality to affect humans.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Apply            REF:   Abnormalities of Chromosome Number

 

4. From genetic testing, a fetus is determined to have genetic trisomy. The nurse realizes that the most common trisomy condition is:

1.	Down syndrome.
2.	Edward syndrome.
3.	Marfan syndrome.
4.	Patau syndrome.

 

 

ANS:  1

Down syndrome is caused by an additional chromosome 21. It occurs is approximately 1 in 660 births. Edward syndrome (trisomy 18) occurs in 1 in 3000 births. Patau syndrome (trisomy 13) occurs in 1 in 5000 births. Marfan syndrome occurs from an autosomal dominant trait disorder.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Analyze         REF:   Trisomies

 

5. A pregnant client is scheduled for a procedure to harvest stem cells from the fetus’s umbilical cord. Which of the following must occur before this procedure can be conducted?

1.	Fetoscopy fails.
2.	Umbilical cord is visualized upon ultrasound.
3.	Chorionic villus sampling test has been completed.
4.	Placental biopsy is completed.

 

 

ANS:  2

Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling can be done as early as 16 to 18 weeks gestation if the cord can be visualized by ultrasound. This test does not need to be done if the fetoscopy fails. This test does not need to be done after chorionic villus sampling or placental biopsy.

 

PTS:   1                    DIF:    Analyze

REF:    Prenatal Procedures: Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling