Child Development And Education 6th Edition By Teresa - Test Bank

Child Development And Education 6th Edition By Teresa – Test Bank

 

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Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 4

BIOLOGICAL BEGINNINGS

 

Multiple-Choice Questions

 

1. Genes influence physical development most directly by:
2. Interacting with cells in the mother’s placenta
3. Instructing the body to produce certain proteins
4. Controlling the speed with which electrical impulses flow
5. Secreting certain enzymes that stimulate or inhibit growth

 

 

2. Human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. Within each pair:
3. Both chromosomes are inherited from the same-sex parent.
4. Both chromosomes are inherited from the opposite-sex parent.
5. One chromosome is inherited from the mother and the other from the father.
6. One chromosome is inherited from the mother and the other may come from either the mother or the father.

 

 

3. More than 20,000 genes make up human DNA. Of these genes, how many do all human beings have in common?
4. Less than 10% of them
5. Approximately 20% of them
6. About half of them
7. The great majority of them

 

 

4. Which one of the following statements most accurately describes the effects of a particular gene on a child’s development and functioning?
5. A gene’s effects depend partly on the child’s health and activity levels and on environmental conditions in which the child lives.
6. A gene is like a computer program that, once started, proceeds through a series of steps to its inevitable conclusion.
7. A gene is essentially a ticking “time bomb” that is scheduled to “explode” at a certain time regardless of other things that might be happening in the body.
8. Any single gene’s impact is highly unpredictable from one individual to the next.

 

 

5. Reproductive cells (sperm in men and ova in women) are different from other human cells in that they:
6. Have an outer coating that can be easily penetrated
7. Have only half as many chromosomes
8. Are tadpole-shaped rather than round
9. Are unaffected by poor nutrition

 

 

6. Children typically have some characteristics not seen in either of their biological parents. Which one of the following is the most common source of these unique characteristics?
7. Some segments of genetic material at the equivalent locations in paired chromosomes cross over, essentially swapping places.
8. Grandparents or great-grandparents may chemically “shield” certain genes, with these shields eroding only gradually over several decades.
9. When certain aspects of the meiosis process are delayed by several weeks, new genetic patterns inevitably emerge.
10. Certain segments of genetic material erratically and unpredictably “leap” from their initial chromosome to a very different one, typically as a result of high hormone levels in the mother.

 

 

7. Mary is pregnant with her first child and has recently had genetic testing to determine whether her baby-to-be is growing normally. Among other things, her test results indicate that the twenty-third chromosome pair of her fetus includes one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.  This means that:
8. Mary’s baby will have Down syndrome.
9. Mary’s baby has a 50-50 chance of having Klinefelter syndrome.
10. Mary is expecting a girl.
11. Mary is expecting a boy.

 

 

8. Imagine that you are a beginning teacher and learn that your new class of students will include a pair of monozygotic twins. You should expect that:
9. You may need the advice and guidance of a special educator who works with children who have mild mental retardation.
10. They will have greater-than-average susceptibility to common illnesses.
11. They will be noticeably smaller than your other students.
12. You may initially have trouble telling them apart.

 

 

9. The gene for red hair is a recessive Luke has red hair, but neither of his biological parents has red hair.  Given this information, we can reasonably guess that:
10. Luke’s father has a red-hair gene, but his mother doesn’t.
11. Luke’s mother has a red-hair gene, but his father doesn’t.
12. Each of his parents has one (but only one) red-hair gene.
13. Neither of his parents has a red-hair gene.

 

 

10. Which one of the following best describes codominance in genes’ effects on children’s growth and development?
11. One of the alleles associated with a particular physical characteristic is more influential in females; the other is more influential in males.
12. The two alleles associated with a particular physical characteristic both have some influence.
13. A dominant gene temporarily “succumbs” to a recessive gene’s influence, typically as a result of poor nutrition.
14. Two or more recessive genes essentially overpower a dominant gene—something that happens only in males.

 

 

11. Multifactorial trait refers to a situation in which a trait is influenced by:
12. A gene on the X chromosome
13. A gene on the Y chromosome
14. A single gene from each child’s parents
15. Several (or perhaps) many genes

 

 

12. Most complex psychological traits in human beings are probably shaped by:
13. Multifactorial trait and environmental experiences
14. Monogenetic inheritance marked by a low degree of canalization
15. Polygenetic inheritance marked by a high degree of canalization
16. Environmental experiences, with only minor constraints due to genetic inheritance

 

 

13. Some physical disabilities are the result of genetic abnormalities. An example is Down syndrome, in which:
14. Children have a defective dominant gene
15. Children have a defective recessive gene
16. Children have an extra chromosome
17. Children are missing a chromosome

 

 

14. Huntington disease and cystic fibrosis are examples of single-gene defects. Individuals who have disorders due to single-gene defects:
15. have one or more complete chromosomes with irregular structures.
16. usually have an error in both genes in the allele pair.
17. usually have an error in one of their dominant genes.
18. have two recessive genes and no dominant gene.

 

 

15. Imagine that you are a preschool teacher and want to foster your students’ development in a variety of domains. In which of the following areas is canalization most likely to be a significant factor in their development?
16. motor skills
17. social skills
18. counting skills
19. pre-reading skills

 

 

16. A pre-school teacher who works with infants and toddlers makes sure to talk with her young students frequently. She sings nursery rhymes with them. She is taking advantage of which of the following with them?
17. canalization
18. inclusion
19. sensitive period
20. maturation

 

 

17. Ruth has always been a rambunctious, outspoken child. She has excessively high energy levels and tendency to blurt out what she is thinking and interrupting others.  What is something that is not recommended to encourage her to do?
18. Join a drama club
19. Raise her hand before speaking
20. Join a debate club
21. Follow her natural tendencies

 

 

18. A tiny cluster of cells has just traveled down one of its mother’s fallopian tubes and implanted itself in the mother’s uterus. What word is typically used for a baby-to-be at this stage of development?
19. gamete
20. zygote
21. embryo
22. fetus

 

 

19. A small mass has been in a mother’s placenta for several weeks. A small head is distinguishable from the body, and tiny buds that will become arms and legs are just beginning to sprout fingers and toes.  What word is typically used for a baby-to-be at this stage of development?
20. gamete
21. zygote
22. embryo
23. fetus

 

 

20. A pregnant woman has an ultrasound to assess the progress of the twins she is expecting. Her doctor says, “From what I can see on the screen, Ms. Black, it looks as if you will have a boy and a girl.” In what stage of development must the twins be?
21. gamete
22. zygote
23. embryo
24. fetus

 

 

21. When 2-month-old Ranan is fussy, his caregivers can often soothe him by playing music. He seems especially partial to Barry White songs, which his mother often played in the last few weeks of her pregnancy.  Which one of the following is the most likely explanation of Ranan’s partiality to Barry White music?
22. Ranan was able to hear and remember Barry White songs even before he was born.
23. Barry White has a deep, resonating voice, which male infants (but not female infants) find especially soothing.
24. The “music” area of the brain becomes activated in the second week of life, and it shows early preferences for certain styles of music.
25. Ranan is showing early signs of giftedness, as recognition of music typically doesn’t emerge until about six months of age.

 

 

22. Three of the following are examples of teratogens. Which one is not a teratogen?
23. toxoplasmosis
24. whiskey
25. HIV infection
26. malnutrition

 

 

23. A pregnant woman regularly uses cocaine and heroin throughout her pregnancy. Chances are that her baby will:
24. Have Down syndrome
25. Have Tay-Sachs disease
26. Be born late and have an exceptionally large head
27. Be born prematurely and show unusual irritability

 

 

24. Eight-year-old Elizabeth has unusual facial features and has exceptional difficulty learning and remembering the basics of reading, writing, and math. Without knowing anything else about Elizabeth, you might wonder if she has:
25. Thalassemia
26. Huntington disease
27. Fetal alcohol syndrome
28. Duchenne muscular dystrophy

 

 

25. Which one of the following best describes the nature of a Braxton Hicks contraction?
26. The fetus is in the birth canal and will be a newborn baby within the hour.
27. The mother’s uterine muscles are not yet causing any cervical dilation.
28. The mother’s body is working extra hard because the baby is in a breech position.
29. The force is strong enough that the mother’s water breaks (i.e., the sac holding the fluid around the fetus breaks open).

 

 

26. Three of the following are common practices in caring for a premature infant. Which one is not recommended?
27. Cuddle the infant.
28. Massage the infant.
29. Give the infant plenty of light.
30. Minimize any disruptions to sleep.

 

 

27. The cervix is fully dilated, and the baby proceeds down the birth canal during the:
28. First stage of labor
29. Second stage of labor
30. Third stage of labor
31. Fourth stage of labor

 

 

28. The placenta and fetal membranes are expelled by the uterus during the:
29. First stage of labor
30. Second stage of labor
31. Third stage of labor
32. Fourth stage of labor

 

 

29. Babies are considered premature when they are:
30. Born before the due date
31. Born before the end of 37 weeks after conception
32. Small and light given the amount of time they have had to develop in the mother’s uterus
33. Lack the physical maturity to breathe independently or suck adequately to meet nutritional needs

 

 

30. Marcia returned home Wednesday with her new infant daughter. On the phone with her best friend Anna, she expressed some concern:  “I am so tired, and I feel like I just don’t know what to do!”  Anna has had three children already.  The best advice Anna can give to Marcia at this time is:
31. “There’s a lot to learn. The first thing is to identify the baby’s preferences so you can respond appropriately.”
32. “There’s a lot to learn, and I’m here to help you. I’ll show you how infants like to be comforted.”
33. “There’s a lot to learn, and you’re probably not going to sleep much for a few weeks.”
34. “There’s a lot to learn, but first get some sleep. I’m here to help you.”

 

 

31. When children alter their environments through their choices and behaviors, they are engaging in:
32. niche construction
33. genetic expression
34. joint attention
35. canalization

 

 

32. What is the practice called when the needs of children who have biologically based disabilities are accommodated in the regular classroom?
33. Intervention
34. Inclusion
35. Individualization
36. Differentiated instruction

 

 

33. Sam has always been athletic. He was on the soccer team in his middle school. As he entered high school, he decided to form a soccer team for young children in his neighborhood. He is showing which of the following?
34. Maturation
35. Talent
36. Canalization
37. Niche construction

 

 

34. During which stage of labor might the mother feel a slight decrease in blood pressure and feel chilled?
35. First stage of labor
36. Second stage of labor
37. Third stage of labor
38. Fourth stage of labor

 

 

35. In the days leading up to labor, which of the following is least likely to be experienced by the mother?
36. Increased time spent sleeping
37. Some loss of weight
38. Descent of the baby
39. Increased energy

 

 

36. What is not one of the states of arousal that new parents should know in order to respond to their baby’s needs?
37. Crying
38. Quiet sleep
39. Rooting
40. Drowsiness

 

 

37. Michael is a premature newborn. His parents have recently brought him home from the hospital He cries frequently and is not easily consolable. What is most likely to be something that may benefit Michael’s parents as they continue to care for their premature infant?
38. Meditation
39. Waiting until he matures
40. Letting him cry
41. Counseling

 

 

38. Family members should know that reflexes are a way of interacting with their baby. Reflexes show that the baby’s brain and body are operating the way that they should. Which is not a reflex?
39. Grasping
40. Crying
41. Stepping
42. Swallowing

 

 

 

 

 

Essay Question

 

39. Prenatal development is influenced by both nature and nurture. Describe at least two ways in which nature is involved and at least two ways in which nurture is also involved in prenatal physical development.

 

 

Developmental Trends Table

 

Promoting Healthy Beginnings for Children and Their Families

 

Period of Development	The Experiences of Children and Families	Developmental Concepts Identifying Factors that Affect Children’s Beginnings	Implications Helping Families Give Offspring Healthy Beginnings
Prior to Conception	Kuri and Taro want to have a child. They go to the doctor to discuss their desire to plan for a healthy pregnancy	The health of any children conceived by a couple depends on several factors, including the mother’s health prior to the pregnancy and her diet, actions, stress levels, and exposure to teratogens during the pregnancy. The health of children’s genes is mostly beyond their parents’ control, although some parents may choose to terminate a pregnancy when diagnostic prenatal tests reveal a serious problem.	Encourage prospective parents to talk with their doctor before conception and to make the necessary adjustments to their lifestyle. For example, the woman will want to find out whether any medicines she takes can affect the health of offspring. Couples concerned about possible birth defects may choose to see a genetic counselor.
During the first few weeks of pregnancy	A pregnant woman, Antoinette, does not know she is pregnant and continues to drink large amounts of alcohol and smoke a pack of cigarettes each day. Antoinette contracts a cold virus and takes over-the-counter medicines.		Encourage women who are sexually active and able to conceive children to shield themselves from teratogens as a matter of course.
From 9 weeks after conception until birth	A pregnant woman, Larissa, is highly anxious about giving birth to a child because she does not have a job or supportive partner. Late in her pregnancy, Larissa and her mother go to prepared childbirth courses at their local community college.	Excessive stress can be harmful to both the mother and her unborn child. Preparation for childbirth can reassure parents about the birth process and help them express their preferences for the birth, including who will be present and how they might respond to various possible scenarios.
At birth	Annie and Alberto give birth to a premature baby, Riley, 6 weeks early. He weighs only 4 pounds, 2 ounces. Riley receives intensive medical care and is strong enough to go home with his parents two weeks later.		Offer appropriate and nurturing care to babies at risk. Address the medical needs of fragile infants, and help parents care for infants in a responsive manner. As premature infants grow, provide them with services, intervention, and educational experiences that help them flourish.