Clinical Psychology Science Practice And Culture 3rd Edition By Andrew - Test Bank

Clinical Psychology Science Practice And Culture 3rd Edition By Andrew – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Test Bank – Chapter 5

Ethical Issues in Clinical Psychology

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

 

1. The first APA code of ethics was published in _____.
2. A) 1896
3. B) 1953
4. C) 1990
5. D) 2002

Ans: B

 

2. Since the first edition of the APA ethics code, _______ revised editions of the ethical code have been published
3. A) 0
4. B) 2
5. C) 9
6. D) 20

Ans: C

 

3. The most recent edition of the APA ethics code was published in _____.
4. A) 1962
5. B) 1976
6. C) 1990
7. D) 2002

Ans: D

 

4. The APA ethics code was most recently modified in 2012 to include
5. A) directives on selecting appropriate treatments for victims of cyber-bullying.
6. B) a stance against the use of ethical standards to justify or defend the violation of human rights.
7. C) standards of informed consent when prescribing virtual reality therapy for patients.
8. D) updated insurance billing codes.

Ans: B

 

5. The current edition of the APA ethical code includes two distinct sections: _____ and _____.
6. A) General Principles; Ethical Standards
7. B) Research Standards; Practice Standards
8. C) Assessment Code; Treatment Code
9. D) none of the above

Ans: A

 

6. The _____ section of the current ethical code includes aspirational ideals regarding the behavior of clinical psychologists, as opposed to enforceable rules of conduct.
7. A) Ethical Standards
8. B) Treatment Standards
9. C) Research Standards
10. D) General Principles

Ans: D

 

7. The _____ section of the current ethical code includes enforceable rules of conduct, as opposed to aspirational ideals regarding the behavior of clinical psychologists.
8. A) Ethical Standards
9. B) General Principles
10. C) Research Standards
11. D) Assessment Code

Ans: A

 

8. Which of the following are among the Ethical Principles listed in the most recent edition of the APA ethical code?
9. A) Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
10. B) Integrity
11. C) Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity
12. D) all of the above

Ans: D

 

9. According to recommended models of ethical decision making (e.g., Fisher, 2012), it is important
10. A) to make ethical decisions as quickly as possible.
11. B) to consult any law or professional guidelines relevant to the situation at hand.
12. C) not to seek the opinions of colleagues.
13. D) none of the above

Ans: B

 

10. Which of the following is true regarding ethical decision making by clinical psychologists?
11. A) Consulting with colleagues about ethically challenging situations is recommended, as long as client confidentiality is protected.
12. B) Consulting with colleagues about ethically challenging situations is recommended, and because the information is being shared with other qualified professionals, the client’s confidentiality need not be protected.
13. C) Consulting with colleagues about ethically challenging situations is generally discouraged.
14. D) none of the above

Ans: A

 

11. Tatiana Tarasoff
12. A) is the chair of the committee that created the most recent edition of the APA code of ethics.
13. B) is the author of the tripartite model of personal identity.
14. C) is a leading researcher in the field of informed consent for psychotherapy.
15. D) none of the above

Ans: D

 

12. The landmark court case that established the duty to warn for psychologists was _____.
13. A) Brown v. The Board of Education
14. B) Hughes v. The APA Board of Ethics
15. C) Poddar v. The State of New Mexico
16. D) Tarasoff v. The Regents of the University of California

Ans: D

 

13. For contemporary psychotherapists, the most relevant implication of the finding in the Tarasoff case is the
14. A) duty to warn.
15. B) obligation to protect client confidentiality without exception.
16. C) importance of continuing education for licensed psychologists.
17. D) importance of maintaining test security by not allowing tests to be taken outside of the professional office setting.

Ans: A

 

14. Which of the following is true regarding confidentiality and child abuse?
15. A) An ethical clinical psychologist should never break a child client’s confidentiality to report child abuse.
16. B) Less than half of the states in the U.S. have laws requiring mental health professionals to break confidentiality to report known or suspected child abuse.
17. C) all of the above
18. D) none of the above

Ans: D

 

15. According to the most recent edition of the APA ethical code, it is necessary to obtain informed consent before proceeding with _____.
16. A) research
17. B) psychotherapy
18. C) assessment
19. D) all of the above

Ans: D

 

16. According to the standards related to informed consent in the most recent edition of the APA ethical code, when should psychologists inform clients about psychotherapy?
17. A) “as early as is feasible in the therapeutic relationship”
18. B) “no later than the third meeting between psychologist and client”
19. C) “prior to the first meeting between psychologist and client”
20. D) “only at the request of the client”

Ans: A

 

17. Informed consent regarding _____ is best understood as a one-time event, but informed consent regarding _____ is best understood as an ongoing process.
18. A) assessment; research
19. B) behavioral psychotherapy; psychodynamic psychotherapy
20. C) research; psychotherapy
21. D) psychotherapy; research and assessment

Ans: C

 

18. According to the APA ethical code, which of these scenarios exemplifies a multiple relationship?
19. A) A psychologist sees an adult client in psychotherapy and also engages in sexual intimacies with that client.
20. B) A psychologist conducts an assessment with a client and also engages in a nonsexual friendship with that client.
21. C) A psychologist sees a child client in psychotherapy and also enters into a business partnership with that client’s parent.
22. D) all of the above

Ans: D

 

19. According to the current edition of the APA ethical code, psychologists do not engage in sexual intimacies with current therapy clients
20. A) unless the client has attended therapy for less than five sessions, in which case the client can be transferred to another therapist.
21. B) under any circumstances.
22. C) unless both the therapist and client live in a very small community where there are few other psychologists or potential sexual partners available.
23. D) unless the sexual intimacies are initiated by the client rather than the psychologist.

Ans: B

 

20. According to the most recent edition of the APA ethical code, which of the following statements is true regarding multiple relationships?
21. A) All multiple relationships are unethical.
22. B) Multiple relationships are unethical only when the client is harmed by them.
23. C) Multiple relationships are unethical only when they can be reasonably expected to cause impairment in the psychologist or risk exploitation or harm of the client.
24. D) Multiple relationships are unethical only when they are sexual in nature.

Ans: C

 

21. Burnout
22. A) can significantly impair the competence of a clinical psychologist.
23. B) occurs at high levels in less than 1% of psychologists, according to survey data.
24. C) is less likely to occur when a clinical psychologist is overcommitted to clients or earns a low salary.
25. D) all of the above

Ans: A

 

22. Compared to clinical psychologists who work and live in large communities, clinical psychologists who work and live in small communities are likely to find the ethical issue of _____ especially challenging.
23. A) multiple relationships
24. B) maintaining confidentiality
25. C) informed consent
26. D) test security

Ans: A

 

23. Boundary crossings
24. A) are more severe than boundary violations.
25. B) often seem minor and harmless, but set a precedent for more serious boundary violations.
26. C) are never unethical if initiated by the client.
27. D) all of the above

Ans: B

 

24. Nonsexual multiple relationships between clinical psychologist and client
25. A) are always unethical.
26. B) are never unethical if initiated by the client.
27. C) are unethical if they can be expected to impair the psychologist’s competence or risk exploiting the client.
28. D) are unethical only if the client actually experiences harm or exploitation (“no harm, no foul”).

Ans: C

 

25. The APA ethical principle of “Beneficence and Nonmaleficence” essentially requires the psychologist to
26. A) do good and do no harm.
27. B) avoid multiple relationships.
28. C) obtain informed consent.
29. D) none of the above

Ans: A

 

26. Cultural incompetence
27. A) is not viewed as negatively by nonprofessionals as ethical violations such as multiple relationships.
28. B) is permissible in research settings, but not in therapy settings.
29. C) may lead to detrimental consequences for clients.
30. D) is not addressed by the APA Code of Ethics.

Ans: C

 

27. Which of the following is not one of the APA’s ethical principles?
28. A) Integrity
29. B) Justice
30. C) Community
31. D) Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity

Ans: C

 

28. The first step in Fisher’s (2012) eight-step model for ethical decision making is
29. A) consult an attorney.
30. B) generate and evaluate alternatives.
31. C) make a commitment to do with is ethically appropriate.
32. D) none of the above

Ans: C

 

29. A psychologist may be bound by a duty to warn when
30. A) a patient seriously threatens the life of another identified person.
31. B) a patient seriously threatens his or her own life.
32. C) a patient reveals that she is HIV positive and is having unprotected sex without informing her sexual partners of her HIV status.
33. D) all of the above

Ans: D

 

Short Answer Questions

 

1. Name the General Principle that instructs psychologists to strive to benefit those with whom they work, and to do no harm to those with whom they work.

Ans: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

 

2. Name the General Principle that includes establishing a relationship of trust and being aware of professional and scientific responsibilities to society and the specific communities in which a psychologist works.

Ans: Fidelity and Responsibility

 

3. Which General Principle encourages psychologists to promote accuracy, honesty, and truthfulness in the science, teaching, and practice of psychology?

Ans: Integrity

 

4. Which General Principle instructs psychologists to recognize that fairness and justice entitle all persons to access to and benefit from the contributions of psychology?

Ans: Justice

 

5. Which General Principle states that psychologists should respect the dignity and worth of all people?

Ans: Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity

 

6. What is the name of the person whose murder resulted in the establishment of the duty to warn for psychologists?

Ans: Tatiana Tarasoff

 

7. The process of _____ includes informing patients as early as is feasible in the therapeutic relationship about the nature and anticipated course of therapy, fees, involvement of third parties, and limits of confidentiality.

Ans: informed consent

 

8. If a clinical psychologist were to know someone professionally as a patient and in another way, such as hiring the individual to perform maintenance on the psychologist’s home, the psychologist would be engaging in a(n) _____.

Ans: multiple relationship (dual relationship)

 

Essay Questions

 

1. Briefly summarize the facts of the Tarasoff case and its primary implication for clinical psychologists.

Ans: A client at a university counseling center told his therapist of his intention to kill his girlfriend (Tatiana Tarasoff). The therapist informed campus police, but not the potential victim. Later, the client killed the girlfriend, and her family sued. The result of the lawsuit was that the therapist was found liable for failure to warn the victim of the danger. The primary implication is that therapists now have a “duty to warn” potential victims when they are credibly informed by clients of an intent to harm.

 

2. Briefly describe the challenges related to confidentiality when the psychotherapy client is a child or adolescent, as well as suggestions for resolving these challenges.

Ans: Parents are legally entitled to be informed about their minor children’s psychotherapy, and their active involvement in the process is desirable. However, children may be less likely to confide in psychologists and form a trusting relationship if they believe that the psychologist reveals details of their one-on-one discussions with the parents. Sometimes, psychologists reach an agreement with child clients and their parents about what will be revealed to parents; such agreements should always include potential harm that the child may encounter as well as general information about the child’s psychological well-being or progress in therapy. Such agreements are nonetheless challenging, considering the wide range of issues that would require the psychologist to make a judgment call (e.g., drinking, smoking, crime, sexual activity, drug use, “cutting”).

 

3. Briefly explain how the informed consent process for psychotherapy differs from the informed consent processes for research or assessment.

Ans: Informed consent for psychotherapy is best understood as an ongoing process, whereas informed consent for research or assessment is considered one-time events. Because psychotherapy itself is an ongoing process, the “as early as is feasible” point for various types of information may vary; psychologists may feel comfortable sharing general policies such as payment and confidentiality rules at the outset, but may require more knowledge about the client’s unique problems to provide information about the content or length of therapy.

 

4. Explain the major differences between the APA Code of Ethics’ General Principles and Ethical Standards.

Ans: The General Principles are aspirational. In other words, they describe an ideal level of ethical functioning or how psychologists should strive to conduct themselves. They don’t include specific definitions of ethical violations; instead, they offer more broad descriptions of exemplary ethical behavior. The Ethical Standards section of the ethical code includes enforceable rules of conduct. Thus, if a psychologist is found guilty of an ethical violation, it is a standard (not a principle) that has been violated. These standards are written broadly enough to cover the great range of activities in which psychologists engage, but they are nonetheless more specific than the General Principles. Although each General Principle could apply to almost any task a psychologist performs, each Ethical Standard typically applies to a more targeted aspect of professional activity.