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Cognitive Neuroscience The Biology of The Mind 4th Edition By Mangun - Ivry - Test Bank
digital downloadTest Bank

Cognitive Neuroscience The Biology of The Mind 4th Edition By Mangun - Ivry - Test Bank

Cognitive Neuroscience The Biology of The Mind 4th Edition By Mangun - Ivry - Test Bank   Instant Download - Complete Test Bank With Answers     Sample Questions Are Posted Below   OBJ: LO 2 MSC: Remembering18. Which of the following things would have been the most difficult for the famous individual studied byPaul …

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Cognitive Neuroscience The Biology of The Mind 4th Edition By Mangun – Ivry – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

OBJ: LO 2 MSC: Remembering
18. Which of the following things would have been the most difficult for the famous individual studied by
Paul Broca, compared to before his stroke?
a. listening to a piano recital c. reading a book aloud
b. appreciating a painting d. playing a game of cards
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: The Brain Story
OBJ: LO 2 MSC: Applying
19. Which of the following things would have been the most difficult for the famous individual described
by Carl Wernicke, compared to before his stroke?
a. understanding a speech c. singing a song
b. painting a picture d. riding a horse
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: The Brain Story
OBJ: LO 2 MSC: Applying
20. Wernicke was an early researcher who suggested that the ________ contributes to language
comprehension.
a. right frontotemporal area c. right temporoparietal area
b. left frontotemporal area d. left temporoparietal area
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: The Brain Story
OBJ: LO 2 MSC: Applying
21. Wernicke is to ________ as Broca is to ________.
a. understanding speech ; speaking
b. speaking ; understanding speech
c. aggregate field theory ; topographic organization
d. aggregate field theory ; aggregate field theory
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Brain Story
OBJ: LO 2 MSC: Remembering
22. As a first approximation, individuals with damage to the left inferior frontal lobe tend to have more
difficulty with ________, whereas individuals with damage to the left posterior temporal lobe tend to
have more difficulty with ________.
a. fine motor control ; the sense of touch
b. the sense of touch ; fine motor control
c. the production of language ; the perception of language
d. the perception of language ; the production of language
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Brain Story
OBJ: LO 2 MSC: Remembering
23. One reason that early research on specific human cognitive capacities and the brain areas that are
responsible for them developed rather slowly before the twentieth century is that
a. most early investigators were limited to postmortem studies to localize lesions.
b. investigators did not know the brain was separated into two hemispheres until the
twentieth century.
c. most early investigators focused on studying the brain–behavior relationship in animals
rather than in humans.
d. there was little interest in this field until the twentieth century.
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: The Brain Story
OBJ: LO 3 MSC: Understanding
24. Korbinian Brodmann used ________ techniques to document fifty–two regions of the brain that
differed in ________.
a. phrenological ; cytoarchitectonics c. tissue staining ; cytoarchitectonics
b. phrenological ; chronometrics d. tissue staining ; chronometrics
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Brain Story
OBJ: LO 3 MSC: Remembering
25. Which of the following individuals was NOT associated with a major histological discovery in
neuroscience?
a. Edward L. Thorndike c. Camillo Golgi
b. Korbinian Brodmann d. Jan Evangelista Purkinje
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: The Brain Story
OBJ: LO 3 MSC: Understanding
26. Researchers Fritsch and Hitzig found support for the idea that specific functions are localized to
discrete parts of the cortex in an experiment using electrical stimulation of a dog’s brain. More
specifically, they found
a. a systematic relationship between the portion of cortex stimulated and specific
movements.
b. a systematic relationship between the portion of cortex stimulated and specific
vocalizations.
c. no systematic relationship between the portion of cortex stimulated and specific
movements.
d. no systematic relationship between the portion of cortex stimulated and specific
vocalizations.
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: The Brain Story
OBJ: LO 3 MSC: Understanding
27. Cytoarchitectonic maps distinguish different cortical regions by
a. the structure of their surface convolutions.
b. their structure at the cellular level.
c. the complex functions they perform.
d. the basic functions they perform.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: The Brain Story
OBJ: LO 3 MSC: Remembering
28. Yvette wants to figure out whether cells in two different layers of the occipital lobe have different
functions. What would she have done if she had been a scientist in the early twentieth century?
a. look at a CAT scan
b. observe the tracts that connect each layer
c. look at patients with damage to those cells
d. look at the layers under a microscope
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: The Brain Story
OBJ: LO 3 MSC: Applying
29. The neuroanatomist who described fifty–two distinct cortical areas based on cell structure and
arrangement, and whose classification scheme is often used today, was
a. Purkinje. c. Brodmann.
b. Helmholtz. d. Hyde.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Brain Story
OBJ: LO 3 MSC: Remembering
30. Which of the following terms refers to the idea of a continuous mass of tissue that shares a common
cytoplasm?
a. synapse c. striatum
b. syncytium d. claustrum
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: The Brain Story
OBJ: LO 3 MSC: Remembering
31. La reazione nera, or “the black reaction,” refers to
a. a cell stain developed by Golgi.
b. a perceptual phenomenon described by the Gestalt psychologists.
c. a ganglion preparation developed by Arvanitaki.
d. a type of reinforcement–based learning described by the behaviorists.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Brain Story
OBJ: LO 3 MSC: Remembering
32. Which of the following scientists contributed to modern neuroscience in the nineteenth century?
a. Paul Broca c. Gustav Theodor Fritsch
b. Sir Charles Sherrington d. Santiago Ramón y Cajal
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: The Brain Story
OBJ: LO 3 MSC: Remembering
33. Which of the following statements best describes the “neuron doctrine”?
a. The nervous system consists of a fused network of interconnected fibers.
b. The brain can be subdivided into regions that are distinct in cytoarchitectonics yet
functionally interactive.
c. The nervous system consists of physically distinct cells that are functionally interactive.
d. The brain can be subdivided into functionally autonomous modules.
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: The Brain Story
OBJ: LO 3 MSC: Understanding
34. The neuron doctrine is usually credited to ________, who used a staining technique pioneered by
________.
a. Purkinje ; Brodmann c. Golgi ; Ramón y Cajal
b. Brodmann ; Purkinje d. Ramón y Cajal ; Golgi
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: The Brain Story
OBJ: LO 3 MSC: Remembering
35. The primary contribution of Golgi to the field of cognitive neuroscience was that he
a. developed a staining technique that permitted full visualization of individual neurons.
b. showed experimentally that the nervous system is composed of a net of physically
interconnected neuronal units.
c. discovered that cells in different regions of the cortex also differ in shape and size.
d. demonstrated that nerves can release chemicals that have an activating effect on nearby
muscle cells.
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: The Brain Story
OBJ: LO 3 MSC: Understanding
36. The term synapse, coined by Sherrington, refers to the junction between
a. a blood vessel and surrounding neurons.
b. two different cytoarchitectonic regions in the brain.
c. two adjacent neurons.
d. an axon and the cell body of a neuron.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Brain Story
OBJ: LO 3 MSC: Remembering
37. Rationalism is the philosophical position that knowledge
a. originates from sensory experience.
b. must be experimentally tested.
c. must be deduced and justified through reason.
d. is globally distributed in the cortex.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Psychological Story
OBJ: LO 4 MSC: Remembering
38. Empiricism is the philosophical position that all knowledge
a. must be deduced and justified through reason.
b. originates from sensory experience.
c. must be experimentally tested.
d. is globally distributed in the cortex.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: The Psychological Story
OBJ: LO 4 MSC: Remembering
39. Which of the following is NOT true of empiricism?
a. It is primarily associated with the British philosophers Hobbes, Hume, and Mill.
b. It was a foundation for the associationist–behaviorist school of psychology.
c. It postulates a special role for reason and induction in human thought.
d. It emphasizes sensory experience in the development of knowledge.
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: The Psychological Story
OBJ: LO 4 MSC: Understanding
40. Ebbinghaus, who is considered the father of modern memory research, was among the first to
demonstrate that
a. different types of brain lesions can produce different types of memory deficits.
b. in terms of cognition, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
c. behavior is best understood in terms of stimulus–response relationships.
d. internal mental processes can be measured in rigorous and reproducible ways.
ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: The Psychological Story
OBJ: LO 4 MSC: Analyzing
41. All of the following are representative of the emergence of the field of cognitive science in the second
half of the 20th century EXCEPT
a. new developments in computer technology and artificial intelligence.
b. a philosophical shift in the field toward empiricism and associationism.
c. Chomsky’s work arguing that behaviorist theories cannot explain language acquisition.
d. Miller’s work showing that internal processes like short–term memory can be quantified.
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: The Psychological Story
OBJ: LO 4 MSC: Evaluating
42. Thorndike’s law of effect
a. stated that much knowledge is innately specified due to natural selection.
b. was written to oppose Darwin’s theory of natural selection.
c. stated that a behavior that is followed by a reward is likely to occur again.
d. was written to oppose the behaviorists.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Psychological Story
OBJ: LO 5 MSC: Remembering
43. Empiricism is to ________ as rationalism is to ________.
a. Locke and Hume ; Descartes and Kant
b. Locke and Descartes ; Hume and Kant
c. Descartes and Kant ; Locke and Hume
d. Hume and Kant ; Locke and Descartes
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: The Psychological Story
OBJ: LO 5 MSC: Understanding
44. John Watson famously argued that newborn babies
a. are incapable of forming memories.
b. have an intelligence comparable to our nearest primate cousins.
c. can be raised to become anything.
d. will develop different intellectual abilities according to innate differences.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: The Psychological Story
OBJ: LO 5 MSC: Analyzing
45. According to associationist Herman Ebbinghaus, complex processes such as memory
a. can be understood by combining different pieces of information.
b. are best understood in terms of a stimulus’s emergent properties.
c. cannot be measured because they are not behaviors.
d. can be measured in an analytic fashion.
ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: The Psychological Story
OBJ: LO 5 MSC: Evaluating
46. According to Edward Thorndike, which of the following is NOT true about rewards?
a. They indicate which creatures have malleable structures in the brain.
b. They help to stamp things into the mind.
c. They lead to adaptive learning.
d. They are part of the law of effect.
ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: The Psychological Story
OBJ: LO 5 MSC: Evaluating
47. “Cells that fire together, wire together” was first proposed by Donald Hebb as an explanation for
a. epileptic seizures and their effects.
b. associations made by the law of effect.
c. the way in which the brain codes new learning.
d. amnesia caused by brain damage.
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: The Psychological Story
OBJ: LO 5 MSC: Understanding
48. Noam Chomsky argued that the structure of human languages is ________, in contrast to B. F.
Skinner’s assertion that languages are ________.
a. innate ; learned c. universal ; rational
b. learned ; universal d. rational ; innate
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Psychological Story
OBJ: LO 6 MSC: Remembering
49. Which of the following people did NOT play a strong role in the theoretical shift in psychology in the
latter part of the twentieth century?
a. Noam Chomsky c. George A. Miller
b. Sir Charles Sherrington d. Claude Shannon
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: The Psychological Story
OBJ: LO 6 MSC: Remembering
50. Which of the following people played the LEAST direct role in the development of the
electroencephalogram?
a. Hans Berger c. Richard Canton
b. Willem Einthoven d. Hermann von Helmholtz
ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: Instruments of Neuroscience
OBJ: LO 7 MSC: Analyzing
51. You decide that you want to measure blood flow of the brain. Which of the following methods could
you use?
a. listen to the blood flow across veins
b. look at red blood cells under a microscope
c. measure the amount of iron in the blood
d. none of the above
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Instruments of Neuroscience
OBJ: LO 7 MSC: Applying
52. Computer axial tomography is to MRI as ________ is to ________.
a. x–ray ; radio frequencies c. blood oxygenation ; x–ray
b. structure ; function d. radiation ; dipoles
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Instruments of Neuroscience
OBJ: LO 7 MSC: Analyzing
53. Which of the following methods measures the BOLD signal?
a. magnetic resonance imaging
b. functional Magnetic resonance imaging
c. computerized axial tomography
d. electroencephalogram
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Instruments of Neuroscience
OBJ: LO 7 MSC: Understanding
SHORT ANSWER
1. Localizationists argued that higher cognitive functions were the product of brain activity in specific
areas. Give evidence that they used to support their claims.
ANS:
Answers will vary
DIF: Easy REF: The Brain Story OBJ: LO 1
MSC: Remembering
2. Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke discovered two different forms of aphasia. Compare and contrast them.
ANS:
Answers will vary
DIF: Medium REF: The Brain Story OBJ: LO 2
MSC: Understanding
3. Describe the main tenets of the Neuron Doctrine.
ANS:
Answers will vary
DIF: Easy REF: The Brain Story OBJ: LO 2
MSC: Remembering
4. Marie–Jean–Pierre Flourens, an early neuroscientist, is believed to have been the first to make what
claims about the brain?
ANS:
Answers will vary
DIF: Easy REF: The Brain Story OBJ: LO 2
MSC: Remembering
5. A major question in cognitive neuroscience is the extent to which regions of the brain are independent
or integrated. Which of these two viewpoints is most valid? Present evidence to support your view.
ANS:
Answers will vary
DIF: Difficult REF: The Brain Story OBJ: LO 2
MSC: Evaluating
6. Associationism and empiricism are two main philosophical positions. Pick the one you think best
describes how humans come to know things and explain why you think this.
ANS:
Answers will vary
DIF: Medium REF: The Psychological Story OBJ: LO 4
MSC: Remembering
7. Describe the transition from behaviorist to cognitive approaches in psychology.
ANS:
Answers will vary
DIF: Easy REF: The Psychological Story OBJ: LO 4
MSC: Understanding
8. Why is Noam Chomsky seen as having a major influence on cognitive psychology?
ANS:
Answers will vary
DIF: Medium REF: The Psychological Story OBJ: LO 4
MSC: Remembering
9. Describe two principal methods used to measure brain structure.
ANS:
Answers will vary
DIF: Easy REF: Instruments of Neuroscience OBJ: LO 7
MSC: Remembering
10. Describe how and why the term cognitive neuroscience was chosen for this field. Be sure to mention
the two fields that combined to create this new field of study.
ANS:
Answers will vary
DIF: Easy REF: A Historical Perspective OBJ: LO 4
MSC: Remembering
11. You would like to understand at what point in time an event took place in the brain. What
neuroimaging method would you choose? Explain why you would choose this method and what
information you would be missing.
ANS:
Answers will vary
DIF: Easy REF: Instruments of Neuroscience OBJ: LO 7
MSC: Understanding

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