Contemporary Business Reports, 5th International Edition by Shirley Kuiper - Test Bank

Contemporary Business Reports, 5th International Edition by Shirley Kuiper – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

 

1. The observation that acts as a bridge between what we can measure and what we cannot(constructs) is known as a(n)?
2. indicator
3. concept
4. direct observable
5. indirect observable
6. dependent variable

ANS:  A

PG:  133

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: New

 

2. Which of the following sequences illustrates the progression of measurement steps in a fully structured scientific study?
3. Conceptualization, nominal definition, operational definition, and measurements in the real world
4. Nominal definition, conceptualization, operational definition, and measurements in the real world
5. Operational definition, conceptualization, nominal definition, and measurements in the real world
6. Nominal definition, operationalization, conceptualization, and real-world measurements
7. Conceptualization, operationalization, nominal definition, and real-world measurements

ANS:  A

PG:  138

TYPE: Factual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

 

3. Professor Smith gave an exam on Monday. On Wednesday Smith gave the same class the same exam. Professor Smith was clearly interested in assessing the exam’s:
4. reliability
5. validity
6. face validity
7. conceptualization
8. precision

ANS:  A

PG:  152-154

TYPE: Applied

SOURCE: Pickup

 

4. Reliability involves:
5. whether a particular technique applied repeatedly to the same object would yield the same results each time
6. ensuring accuracy
7. ensuring that your measure measures what you think it should measure
8. ensuring precision
9. ensuring both accuracy and precision

ANS:  A

PG:  152

TYPE: Factual

SOURCE: Modified

5. The specification of concepts in scientific inquiry depends on:
6. nominal, operational, and real definitions
7. real definitions
8. nominal and operational definitions
9. nominal and real definitions
10. operational and real definitions

ANS:  C

PG:  136-137

TYPE: Factual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

6. Professor Spence decided to define socioeconomic status as a combination of income and education. Spence then determined the questions to be asked in a survey and the categories of responses. Spence was assigning socioeconomic status:
7. a nominal definition only
8. an operational and a real definition
9. a real definition only
10. a nominal and a real definition
11. a nominal and an operational definition

ANS:  E

PG:  136-137

TYPE: Applied

SOURCE: Pickup

 

7. Techniques used to create reliable measures include:
8. asking only about things respondents are likely to know the answer to
9. using measures that have proved their reliability in previous research
10. being clear about what you’re asking
11. asking about things relevant to respondents
12. all of these choices are used to create reliable measures

 

ANS:  E

PG:  152-154

TYPE: Factual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

8. Conceptions are:
9. empirical measurements
10. variables
11. mental images
12. hypotheses
13. definitions

ANS:  C

PG:  130

TYPE: Factual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

9. Most social scientists would not accept the conceptualization of prejudice as foot size because such a measurement lacks:
10. precision
11. reliability
12. accuracy
13. validity
14. all of these choices

ANS:  D

PG:  154-156

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

10. Hudson et al. developed a series of questions to examine sexual attitudes (SAS). The SAS scores of religious fundamentalists, a group believed to be conservative regarding sexual expression, were compared with the scores of social work graduate students, a group believed to be liberal regarding sexual expression. The researchers were examining the instrument’s:
11. split-half reliability
12. split-half validity
13. criterion validity
14. criterion reliability
15. construct validity

ANS:  C

PG:  155

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

11. Ross is looking to examine if the indicators that make up her measurement of romantic attraction are truly related to one another and make for an accurate representation of the variable she is researching. What sort of validity is she examining?
12. split-half validity
13. face validity
14. criterion-related validity
15. content validity
16. construct validity

ANS:  E

PG:  156

TYPE: Applied

SOURCE: New

 

12. A measurement of personality that produces observable, correct results, but that are not consistent would be considered
13. valid and reliable
14. valid, but not reliable
15. not valid, but reliable
16. neither valid nor reliable
17. partially valid, fully reliable

ANS:  B

PG:  157-158

TYPE: Applied

SOURCE: New

 

13. Professor Myth asked respondents whether or not they had ever been divorced. One year later Professor Myth asked the same respondents the same question. Myth found that with repeated applications of the measure different responses were obtained for the same respondent. This means that the measuring instrument was:
14. unreliable
15. invalid
16. unreliable or the value on the variable had changed
17. lacking face validity
18. inaccurate

ANS:  C

PG:  152

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

14. A complete conceptualization involves:
15. specifying dimensions only
16. specifying indicators only
17. specifying dimensions and identifying the various indicators of each dimension
18. specifying indicators and identifying the various dimensions of each indicator
19. specifying variables and their attributes

ANS:  C

PG:  133-140

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

15. Because low marital satisfaction should lead to divorce, Professor Rogers checked his measure of marital satisfaction by examining whether couples with low marital satisfaction scores later obtained divorces and those with high levels of marital satisfaction remained married.  This illustrates the use of:
16. criterion-related validity
17. face validity
18. content validity
19. construct validity
20. test-retest validity

ANS:  A

PG:  155-156

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

16. A nominal definition:
17. is a statement of the essential nature of some entity
18. is a statement detailing what will be involved in measuring some entity
19. is a statement that allows us to observe some entity
20. is a statement that assigns a definition to a concept
21. none of these choices

ANS:  D

PG:  136

TYPE: Factual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

17. A survey question asking voters which political party they are affiliated with (Democrat, Republican, Independent) would be considered:
18. mutually exclusive
19. exhaustive
20. interchangeable
21. ratio scale
22. ordinal scale

ANS:  A

PG:  144

TYPE: Applied

SOURCE: New

 

18. Which of the following is a nominal variable?
19. education
20. age
21. employment status
22. occupational prestige
23. need to know the attributes to determine the level of measurement

ANS:  E

PG:  144

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

19. A measure of religiosity that is extremely consistent, but is actually targeting the respondent’s political affiliation could be considered:
20. partially reliable, completely valid
21. valid and reliable
22. not valid, but reliable
23. neither valid nor reliable
24. valid, but not reliable

ANS:  C

PG:  157

TYPE: Factual

SOURCE: New

 

20. Measuring how people feel about proposed income tax hikes when you really want to know how well informed they are on the proposal is a problem of operationalization concerning:
21. the use of single or multiple indicators
22. how observations are going to be made
23. the specific dimensions of the variable to be studied
24. the relevant range of variations
25. the degree of precision needed between extremes

ANS:  C

PG:  142-144

TYPE: Applied

SOURCE: Pickup

 

 

21. Professor Miller argues that there are three dimensions to the quality of a relationship (belonging/affirmation, interdependence, and intimacy).  Miller designed an instrument to measure quality of a relationship.  She notices that no items in the instrument tap the intimacy dimension.  Her measure lacks:
22. reliability
23. content validity
24. predictive validity

 

1. construct validity
2. internal consistency

ANS:  B

PG:  156

TYPE: Applied

SOURCE: Pickup

 

22. Professor Tyler wrote a proposal to study the impact of authoritarianism on child rearing practices.  She began her research by reviewing the meaning of authoritarianism.  Based on this review, she formulated her own definition of authoritarianism.  This process illustrates:
23. operationalization
24. the interchangeability of indicators
25. conceptualization
26. validity assessment
27. reliability assessment

ANS:  C

PG:  133

TYPE: Applied

SOURCE: Pickup

 

23. Shipley developed a NEW test to measure IQ.  Using his test, someone with an IQ of 180 would be considered twice as intelligent as someone with an IQ of 90 and someone with an IQ of 90 was three times as intelligent as someone with an IQ of 30.  Shipley’s test treats IQ as a(n):
24. nominal variable
25. interval variable
26. ratio variable
27. ordinal variable
28. none of these choices

ANS:  C

PG:  145-146

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

24. Dr. Jones is developing a research study in which he plans to use the length of a participant’s ring finger to determine mathematical prowess.  At the most basic level, his indicator fails which test for validity?
25. face validity
26. content validity
27. predictive validity
28. criterion-related validity
29. construct validity

ANS:  A

PG:  155

TYPE:  Applied

SOURCE: New

 

25. Classifying someone as employed or not employed treats employment as:
26. a ratio variable
27. an interval variable
28. an ordinal variable
29. a nominal variable
30. a dependent variable

ANS:  D

PG: 144

TYPE: Applied

SOURCE: Pickup

 

26. Professor Tilton measured the variable “feelings toward drafting women” with the categories strongly agree, agree, indifferent, disagree, and strongly disagree. Professor Tilton was using the            level of measurement.
27. nominal
28. interval
29. ratio
30. ordinal
31. not enough information to decide

ANS:  D

PG:  144-145

TYPE: Applied

SOURCE: Pickup

 

27. The variable educational level was measured as last year in school completed (i.e., none, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, grades, etc.). It is, therefore, measured at the          level.
28. nominal
29. interval
30. ratio
31. ordinal
32. not enough information to decide

ANS:  C

PG:  145-146

TYPE: Applied

SOURCE: Pickup

 

28. What is the lowest level of measurement in which there is an exact difference between attribute values?
29. Nominal
30. Interval
31. Ratio
32. Ordinal
33. All of these choices

ANS:  B

PG:  145

TYPE: Factual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

29. When we fall into the trap of believing that terms have real meanings we are guilty of:
30. reification
31. measurements that lack reliability
32. measurements that lack validity
33. confusing reliability with validity
34. confusing validity with reliability

ANS:  A

PG:  133

TYPE: Factual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

30. Professor Salton created the categories of less than 20 hours, 20 hours to 40 hours, 40 hours to 60 hours, and 60 hours or more for the variable “number of hours employed outside the home.” Salton’s scheme is:
    1. a nominal variable
    2. mutually exclusive
    3. exhaustive
    4. an ordinal variable
    5. mutually exclusive and exhaustive

ANS:  C

PG: 144

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

31. Verifying the validity of a measurement using an outside source of information, such as SAT scores or GPA when examining a measure of academic performance is using:
32. face validity
33. construct validity
34. criterion-related validity

1. content validity
2. correlational validity

ANS: C

PG: 155

TYPE:  Applied

SOURCE: New

 

32. Which of the following is NOT a means of assessing the reliability of measuring   devices?
33. test-retest
34. split-half
35. construct-correlation
36. using established measures
37. using reliable research workers

ANS: C

PG: 152-154

TYPE:  Factual

SOURCE: New

 

33. Jeremy can’t decide whether he should ask people whether they “very strongly agree,” “agree,” “disagree, “very strongly disagree” or whether they simply “agree” or “disagree” with statements about the war in Iraq. Jeremy is dealing with the problem of:
34. whether to use single or multiple indicators of a concept
35. the range of variation
36. whether to use a ratio or ordinal measurement
37. whether to use a ratio or interval measurement
38. whether to use single or multiple dimensions

ANS: B

PG: 142

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

34. A researcher entering gender data collected from a mailed survey is working with
35. constructs
36. direct observables
37. indirect observables
38. reification
39. a conceptualization

ANS: C

PG: 132

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: New

 

35. Sarah has compiled a list of 40 indicators of prejudice and its dimensions. She finds that women are more prejudiced than men on some of the indicators but not on others.  Sarah should:
36. check to see if the two sent of indicators represent different dimensions of prejudice
37. conclude the women are more prejudiced than men
38. throw out the 40 indicators and start over
39. conclude that there was an error in her analysis
40. get a new sample

ANS: A

PG: 133-136

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

 

 

TRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS

 

1. If a measure is reliable, it must also be valid.

ANS:  F

PG:  157-158

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

2. Conceptualization is the development of research procedures that will result in empirical observations representing those concepts in the real world.

ANS:  F

PG:  133

TYPE: Factual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

3. Validity refers to the link between the operational and conceptual definitions.

ANS:  T

PG:  154-155

TYPE: Factual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

4. Precision and accuracy are synonyms.

ANS:  F

PG:  151

TYPE: Factual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

5. Even if a pre-existing measure of a construct of interest exists, it is a better idea to create your own so you understand it better.

ANS:  F

PG:  154

TYPE: Factual

SOURCE: New

 

6. A split-half reliability test taps the idea of the general stability of the instrument over time.

ANS:  F

PG:  154

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

7. Predictive validity is often used as another term for criterion-related validity.

ANS:  T

PG: 155-156

TYPE: Factual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

8. It is impossible to have several indicators of only one concept.

ANS:  F

PG:  133-137

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

9. Changing definitions almost inevitably results in different descriptive conclusions.

ANS:  T

PG:  141

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

10. Precise measurement is more important than accurate measurement.

ANS:  F

PG: 151-152

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

11. Number of arrests would be an example of a interval measurement

ANS:  F

PG: 145-146

TYPE: Applied

SOURCE: New

 

12. A nominal measure can have only two categories.

ANS:  F

PG: 144

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

 

13. Definitions are more problematic for descriptive research than for explanatory research.

ANS:  T

PG:  140

TYPE: Factual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

14. The split-half technique for assessing reliability is closely linked to concept of the interchangeability of indicators

ANS:  T

PG:  154

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

15. If unsure as a researcher how specific a measurement needs to be, it is best to be more general to simplify data collection.

ANS:  F

PG: 142

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: New

 

16. Numbers assigned to ranks on an ordinal scale can legitimately be added, multiplied, subtracted, and divided.

ANS:  F

PG:  145

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

17. One only need a nominal definition of a concept before beginning the process of data collection

ANS:  F

PG:  138

TYPE: Factual

SOURCE: New

 

18. The test retest method assumes that the phenomena under study does not change.

ANS: T

PG: 153

TYPE: Conceptual

SOURCE: Pickup

 

 

SHORT ANSWERS/ESSAYS

 

1. Please conceptualize child abuse (or another abstract concept of your choice). What

      indicators would you use to measure the concept? Are there dimensions to the concept?

Answers will vary.  One possible answer is that child abuse refers to the mistreatment of a minor by his/her parent or guardian.  Dimensions of child abuse might include physical abuse, emotional abuse, and psychological abuse.  Indicators might include: 1) Have you ever been slapped by a parent? (Yes, No), 2) Have you ever been beaten by a parent with a whip or belt?  (Yes, No), 3) Have you ever been told that you were stupid by your mother/father? (Yes, No), and so on.

PG:  Entire chapter      SOURCE: Pickup

 

2. As an extension of the previous question, then ask the students to evaluate their measurement in terms of validity. What do they think might be some potential shortcomings, or how does their measurement meet the requirements for validity?

Answers will vary, but should focus on issues of face validity (which hopefully their answers will have!), construct validity, content validity, as well as possible items of use to establish criterion-related validity.

PG: 154-156                SOURCE: New

 

 

3. How would you measure family size at the nominal, ordinal, and ratio levels?

Ratio level: How many people (excluding yourself) are in your immediate (nuclear,

family of orientation)?  (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, …….)

Ordinal level: Use the same question with attributes of (less than 3) (3 – 6) (more than 6)

or small, medium, and large.

Nominal level: Are there other people (besides you) in your immediate family? (Yes, No)

or Do you have any brothers? (Yes, No)

NOTE: Students sometimes claim the ordinal classification of (0-3) (3-5) (6 or more) is ratio because they “see” the 0 in the first category (0-3).

PG: 144-146                SOURCE: Pickup