Corrections Today 2nd International Edition by Larry J. Siegel - Test Bank

Corrections Today 2nd International Edition by Larry J. Siegel – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

CHAPTER 5: Test Bank

 

 

 

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. What level of institution touches the lives of more individuals than any other penal institution?

a.	Jail	c.	Halfway house
b.	Prison	d.	Day reporting center

 

ANS:   A         REF:    110                  OBJ:    1

 

2. While jails in some states hold persons for only a few hours, most jails can detain people for _____ hours or longer.

a.	8	c.	48
b.	12	d.	72

 

ANS:   C         REF:    111                  OBJ:    1

 

3. Police lockups can hold people for:

a.	96 hours	c.	one week
b.	less than 48 hours	d.	72 hours

 

ANS:   B         REF:    111                  OBJ:    1

 

4. Which colony became the model for jails?

 

1. Georgia
2. Maryland
3. Pennsylvania
4. Virginia

 

 

ANS:  C          REF:  111                    OBJ:  1

 

5. The initial step when admitted to jail is:

a.	receiving housing assignment	c.	booking
b.	Classification	d.	risk assessment

 

ANS:   C         REF:    112                  OBJ:    1

 

6. ___% of the detainees in most jails are misdemeanants who couldn’t make bail.

a.	20	c.	35
b.	50	d.	70

 

ANS:   B         REF:    112                  OBJ:    2

 

7. An agent who lends money for a fee to those who don’t have the money for release is a:

a.	bail bondsman	c.	banker
b.	loan shark	d.	jail administrator or sheriff

 

ANS:   A         REF:    112                  OBJ:    2

 

8. ROR means:

a.	rehabilitation or restitution	c.	refusal of rehabilitation
b.	release on record	d.	release on own recognizance

 

ANS:   D         REF:    113                  OBJ:    2

 

9. A __________ is usually given for minor offenses and is based on the defendant’s written promise to appear in court.

 

1. percentage bail
2. signature bond
3. third-party custody
4. supervised release

 

 

ANS:  B          REF:  113                    OBJ:  2

 

10. When the court assigns custody of the defendant to an individual or agency guaranteeing his/her court appearance, it is known as:

a.	inmate assurance	c.	recognizance
b.	third party custody	d.	reception

 

ANS:   B         REF:    113                  OBJ:    2

 

11. Based on the research, who is not likely to receive pre-trial release?

a.	first-time offenders	c.	minorities
b.	Women	d.	Caucasian

 

ANS:   C         REF:    113                  OBJ:    2

 

12. The bail reform movement is most closely linked with:

a.	the Manhattan Bail Project	c.	the Prison system
b.	preventive detention	d.	the Jail administrator

 

ANS:   A         REF:    113                  OBJ:    2

 

13. What ensured that release would be granted in all noncapital cases in which sufficient reason existed that the defendant would return to court?

 

1. Manhattan Bail Project
2. Bail Reform Act of 1966
3. Bail Reform Act of 1984
4. The Eighth Amendment

 

 

ANS:  B          REF:  113                    OBJ:  2

 

 

14. The jail system originated in:

a.	France	c.	Russia
b.	Germany	d.	England

 

ANS:   D         REF:    111                  OBJ:    1

 

15. In the colonial era, instead of cells, inmate housing took the form of:

a.	large dormitories	c.	small rooms
b.	private homes	d.	no inside shelters

 

ANS:   C         REF:    111                  OBJ:    1

 

16. The first state to establish a jail was:

a.	Virginia	c.	New York
b.	Maryland	d.	Georgia

 

ANS:   A         REF:    111                  OBJ:    1

 

17. The contemporary jail is usually under the authority of the:

a.	mayor	c.	local council
b.	warden	d.	sheriff

 

ANS:   D         REF:    111                  OBJ:    1

 

18. Today, most jails have approximately ___ beds.

 

1. 1 to 49
2. 50 to 249
3. 250 to 999
4. more than 1000

 

 

ANS:  A          REF:  115                    OBJ:  2

 

19. During the past decade, the number of inmates in most jails in the U.S. :

a.	decreased	c.	increased
b.	remained static	d.	doubled

 

ANS:   C         REF:    115                  OBJ:    3

 

20. Largely due to increased security risks, the number of juveniles held in adult jails has:

a.	increased	c.	doubled
b.	decreased	d.	remained the same

 

ANS:   B         REF:    116                  OBJ:    3

 

21. The number of elderly jail inmates during the last decade has:

a.	decreased	c.	tripled
b.	remained the same	d.	doubled

 

ANS:   D         REF:    116                  OBJ:    3

22. Despite the increase in incarcerated female offenders, _____ out of 10 jail inmates are adult males.

a.	nine	c.	five
b.	six	d.	four

 

ANS:   A         REF:    116                  OBJ:    3

 

23. The social class overrepresented in the nation’s jails is the:

a.	wealthy	c.	upper middle class
b.	middle class	d.	poor

 

ANS:   D         REF:    117                  OBJ:    3

 

24. Blacks are approximately ___ times more likely than Hispanics and ___ times more likely than whites to be in jail.

a.	2, 3	c.	3, 10
b.	3, 5	d.	5, 15

 

ANS:   B         REF:    116                  OBJ:    3

 

25. The alternatives to local control of jails are:

a.	state-run jails	c.	state-subsidized programs
b.	regional arrangements	d.	all of these choices

 

ANS:   D         REF:    118                  OBJ:    4

 

26. Linear/intermittent surveillance is a characteristic of:

a.	second generation jail	c.	first generation jail
b.	new generation jail	d.	privatization

 

ANS:   C         REF:    119                  OBJ:    4

 

27. The indirect or podular/remote surveillance is a characteristic of:

a.	second generation jail	c.	new generation jail
b.	privatization	d.	first generation jail

 

ANS:   A         REF:    119                  OBJ:    4

 

28. Direct or podular/direct supervision is a characteristic of:

a.	first generation jail	c.	privatization
b.	new generation jail	d.	second generation jail

 

ANS:   B         REF:    120                  OBJ:    5

 

29. Which jail complies with the Prison Rape Elimination Act in that it establishes a zero-tolerance standard for the incidence of prison rape in U.S. prisons?

 

1. First Generation jail
2. Second Generation jail
3. New Generation jail
4. Fourth Generation jail

 

 

ANS:  D          REF:  121                    OBJ:  5

 

30. It is difficult for small jails to develop a variety of programs because they lack:

a.	space	c.	fiscal resources
b.	staff	d.	all of these choices

 

ANS:   D         REF:    122                  OBJ:    6

 

31. Jails are constitutionally mandated to make available:

 

1. adequate health care
2. drug and alcohol treatment programs
3. jail industries
4. work release

 

 

ANS:  A          REF:  122                    OBJ:  6

 

32. Jails have even fewer alternatives for dealing with the issue of _______ than prisons.

a.	overcrowding	c.	costs
b.	privatization	d.	drugs

 

ANS:   A         REF:    126                  OBJ:    7

 

33. Jail officers’ lack of knowledge for appropriate intervention strategies poses a problem when dealing with the:

a.	funding units	c.	mentally ill
b.	administrators	d.	inmates’ visitors

 

ANS:   C         REF:    127                  OBJ:    7

 

34. One of the major issues for jail administrators that often involve both inmates and staff, especially in large urban areas, is:

a.	work programs	c.	education
b.	violence	d.	privatizing services

 

ANS:   B         REF:    127                  OBJ:    7

 

35. Keeping track of inmates visually within the jail often involves using physiological or behavioral characteristics of the inmate known as ________ technology.

a.	DNA analytical	c.	webcast
b.	ultrasonic	d.	biometric

 

ANS:   D         REF:    129                  OBJ:    8

SCENARIO BASED

 

Case 5-1

Jenny works in a local jail as a correctional officer.  Every day she sees dozens of offenders entering the jail.  At the same time, dozens of inmates are released from jail every day for various reasons.  She is actually responsible for the intake and release of individuals from the facility.

 

36. Jon is brought into the jail by a local police officer. His charge is disorderly conduct and possession of cocaine.  What is the process that Jenny must go through in order to admit Jon to the facility?

 

1. acceptance
2. booking
3. evaluation
4. intake

 

 

ANS:  B          REF:  112                    OBJ:  2

 

37. When an individual is processed into the county jail, classification takes place. What happens during this classification process?
38. Individuals are interviewed to get information about their crime and past criminal history.
39. The dangerousness and risk of the offender is determined.
40. The potential for suicide is identified.
41. all of these

 

ANS:  D          REF:  112                    OBJ:  2

 

38. Gary is an inmate who was taken into custody. He is waiting for his hearing to determine if he will receive bail or pretrial release.  Who is responsible for deciding if Gary will be released pending adjudication of his case?

 

1. bail bondsman
2. classification officer
3. judge
4. probation officer

 

 

ANS:  C          REF:  112                    OBJ:  2

 

39. At his bail hearing, the court assigns Gary to the custody of his attorney who promises to ensure that he will return for his court appearances. What is this type of pretrial release?

 

1. Release on own Recognizance
2. Unsecured Bail
3. Percentage Bail
4. Third-Party Custody

 

 

ANS:  D          REF:  113                    OBJ:  2

 

40. Jenny’s jail is designed to provide linear/intermittent surveillance of inmates. Here, the correctional officers provide supervision of inmates from time to time.  This type of jail is known as:

 

1. First-generation
2. Second-generation
3. Third-generation
4. Fourth-generation

 

 

ANS:  A          REF:  119                    OBJ:  4

Case 5-2

Judge Stone handles the bail hearings in his jurisdiction.  On a Monday morning his docket he has five cases.  Fred is accused of first-degree murder.  June is accused of petty theft.  Aaron is accused of armed robbery with a firearm.  Sal is accused of dealing in stolen property.  Fiona is charged with prostitution.

 

41. Judge Stone decides that Fred should not be given a bail because he is being charged with a serious crime. Judge Stone deems him to be dangerous and likely to commit crimes if released pending his trial.  Retaining individuals in jail who are deemed dangerous is referred to as:

 

1. premature detention
2. preventive detention
3. punitive detention
4. statutory detention

 

 

ANS:  B          REF:  115                   OBJ:  2

 

42. Judge Stone believes that June has strong ties in the community and that she is likely to appear for trial. He does not think that bail is necessary.  He decides to release her on her own:

 

1. Recognizance
2. Rehabilitation
3. Restitution
4. Retribution

 

 

ANS:  A          REF:  113                    OBJ:  2

 

43. Aaron is a habitual offender. This is his eighth arrest.  He was previously convicted for robbery and aggravated assault and served 10 years in prison.  Based on his past record Judge Stone believes that he is a danger to the community.  Which law would support the judge if he were to deny Aaron bail?

 

1. Bail Reform Act of 1966
2. Bail Reform Act of 1984

 

1. Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act
2. Preventive Detention Act

 

 

ANS:  B          REF:  114                    OBJ:  2

 

44. Sal’s bail is set at $50,000 by Judge Stone. Sal is indigent and does not have the money to post his bail.  He contacts his sister and asks her to contact a _______________ who will lend money to Sal for a fee.

 

1. bail bondsman
2. bounty hunter
3. pretrial release officer
4. probation officer

 

 

ANS:  A          REF:  112                    OBJ:  2

 

45. Fiona is charged with prostitution. However, because she was on probation when she was arrested she is held without bond.  During classification it is discovered that Fiona is addicted to heroin and has severe mental health issues.  Fiona also has HIV.  What service is the jail constitutionally mandated to make available to Fiona?

 

1. methadone to help Fiona’s withdrawal from heroin
2. mental health counseling
3. adequate health care
4. all of these

 

 

ANS:  C          REF:  122                    OBJ:  6

TRUE/FALSE

 

1. Police lockups can hold persons for periods for up to 72 hours.

 

ANS:  F           REF:  111        OBJ:  1

 

2. The initial step for offenders in the incarceration process is to be placed in a housing unit.

 

ANS:   F          REF:    112      OBJ:    1

 

3. Half of the detainees in jail are misdemeanants who could not make bail.

 

ANS:  T           REF:  112        OBJ:  2

 

4. The average delay between arrest and trial is more than one year.

 

ANS:  F           REF:  112        OBJ:  2

 

5. Unsecured bail differs from ROR in that the defendant is obligated to pay an established fee upon default.

 

ANS:  T           REF:  113        OBJ:  2

 

6. Detox and suicide prevention are problems to be identified as part of the classification process.

 

ANS:   T          REF:    112      OBJ:    1

 

7. Research shows that the bail system is applied in a fair and equal manner.

 

ANS:  F           REF:  113        OBJ:  2

 

8. All people, even dangerous felons, are entitled to pretrial release on bail.

 

ANS:  F           REF:  115        OBJ:  2

 

9. As prisons become more overcrowded, correctional officials use local jails to house inmates when there is no room in state prisons.

 

ANS:  T           REF:  115        OBJ:  3

 

10. The rural jails have a much less frightening inmate culture than do urban jails.

 

ANS:  T           REF:  117        OBJ:  3

 

11. First-generation jails are designed to provide indirect or podular/remote surveillance.

 

ANS:  F           REF:  119        OBJ:  4

12. Second-generation jails comply with the Prison Rape Elimination Act in that it establishes a zero-tolerance standard for the incidence of prison rape in U.S. prisons.

 

ANS:  F           REF:  121        OBJ:  5

 

13. Jails are constitutionally mandated to make available adequate health care delivery systems.

 

ANS:  T           REF:  122        OBJ:  6

 

14. Women compose one-third of all jail employees.

 

ANS:  T           REF:  124        OBJ:  6

 

15. Jail officers are adequately trained to deal appropriately with mentally ill prisoners.

 

ANS:  F           REF:  127        OBJ:  7

 

 

COMPLETION

 

1. __________________of the detainees in most jails are misdemeanants who could not make bail.

 

ANS:   Half

 

REF:    112      OBJ:    2

 

2. After an arrest, an individual is taken to jail to first go through____________________.

 

ANS:   booking

 

REF:    112      OBJ:    1

 

3. If an individual is not considered a risk for flight before trial or a danger to the community, he/she may be released without bail on their ____________________.

 

ANS:   own recognizance

 

REF:    113      OBJ:    2

 

4. ____________________ allows release without a deposit or bail arranged through a bondsman.

 

ANS:  Unsecured bail

 

REF:  113        OBJ:  2

 

 

5. _____________________ lends money for a fee to people who cannot make bail.

 

ANS:  Bail bondsman

 

REF:  112        OBJ:  2

 

6. The objective of _______________________ is to retain in jail defendants who are deemed dangerous or likely to commit crimes while awaiting trial.

 

ANS:  preventive detention

 

REF:  115        OBJ:  2

 

7. The number of juveniles held in jails has declined primarily because of the ____________________.

 

ANS:  Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act

 

REF:  116        OBJ:  3

 

8. Criminologist John Irwin refers to disorderly and disorganized persons as _______________.

 

ANS:  rabble

 

REF:  117        OBJ:  3

 

9. In more than 3,000 counties in the United States, the ______________ runs the jail.

 

ANS:  sheriff

 

REF:  118        OBJ:  4

 

10. An arrangement when a jurisdiction with an adequate jail is willing to contract with neighboring cities and counties to house prisoners on a per diem basis is known as __________________________.

 

ANS:   cooperative arrangements

Regional arrangements

 

REF:   118       OBJ:  4

 

11. ____________________ jails provide linear/intermittent surveillance of inmates.

 

ANS:   First generation

 

REF:    119      OBJ:    4

 

12. ____________________jails provide indirect or podular/remote surveillance.

 

ANS:   Second generation

 

REF:    119      OBJ:    4

 

13. The new generation jails are based on the ____________________model.

 

ANS:   direct supervision

 

REF:    120      OBJ:    5

 

14. If inmates are considered a high risk for suicide, they may be monitored with ___________________, in which inmates are placed in specially equipped cells and in which there is frequent supervision.

 

ANS:  suicide watch programs

 

REF:  128        OBJ:  7

 

15. A new method of tracking inmates by utilizing physiological or behavioral characteristics in a three step process is known as ____________________ technology.

 

ANS:   biometric

 

REF:    129      OBJ:    7

 

 

ESSAY

 

1. What are the three different types of local correctional institutions?

 

ANS:   Jails detain individuals for 48 hours or longer.  These hold those awaiting trial and those who have been convicted.  Lockups hold individuals for less than 48 hours at temporary holding facilities, usually at police stations.  Workhouses and houses of corrections, which are usually county prisons, hold convicted inmates for short terms.

 

REF:    111                  OBJ:    1

 

 

2. What occurs during the booking and classification process at a jail?

 

ANS:   Booking is the process of admitting an arrestee or sentenced misdemeanant to jail.  Those who are not released on bond or ROR are placed in a secure housing unit until the can be interviewed and some preliminary information is collected regarding their crime and past criminal history.  This is called classification which serves the purpose of identifying whether the inmate should be separated from other offenders.  Additionally, it is determined if there is a need for detoxification or suicide prevention.  Once the inmate is classified they are moved to a more suitable housing area.

 

REF:    112                  OBJ:    2

 

3. Discuss the different types of pretrial release.

 

ANS:   A defendant can be released on their own recognizance (ROR).  This is the release without bail for the defendant who appears to have ties to the community and is likely to appear for trial.  Unsecured bail allows defendants’ release without a deposit or bail arranged through a bondsman.  In percentage bail, the defendant deposits a portion of the bail amount, usually 10 percent, with the clerk of the court.  Third-party custody takes place when the court assigns custody of the defendant to an individual or agency that promises to ensure his or her later appearance in court.  A signature bond is usually given for minor offenses and is based on the defendant’s written promise to appear in court.  There are also supervised release programs which require more frequent contact with pretrial officers, phone calls, and officer interviews.  Supervised release may be used in combination with the other types of pretrial release.

 

REF:  113                    OBJ:  2

 

4. Discuss bail reform as defined by major projects and U.S. Congressional acts.

 

ANS:   The Manhattan Bail Project provided Release on Own Recognizance for eligible defendants.  This project influenced later movements.  This included the Bail Reform Act of 1966 that urged pretrial release for all noncapital cases unless the defendant appeared unlikely to return to court.  The Bail Reform Act of 1984 formalized preventive detention provisions for those considered dangerous or unlikely to return to court.

 

REF:    113-114           OBJ:    2

5. Discuss jail populations and why they continue to increase?

 

ANS:   Today, there are nearly 750,000 inmates held in jails.  Jail populations continue to rise because as prisons become more overcrowded, local jails are used to house inmates.  Also, as crimes are more controlled or the local focus is on crime reduction, more arrests are made and more offenders are jailed, creating an on-going increase.

 

REF:    115-116           OBJ:    3

 

 

6. Name and explain the three alternatives to local control of jails.

 

ANS:   State-run jails for which the state has full operational responsibility.

Cooperative (regional) arrangements that involve contracts with neighboring areas to house prisoners on a per diem basis.  State-subsidized programs wherein technical assistance is provided to local governments with jail problems or for jail personnel training.

 

REF:    118-119           OBJ:    4

7. What are the four generations of jail supervision?

 

ANS:   The focus of first-generation jails is on staff providing linear/intermittent surveillance of inmates, which they do by patrolling the corridors and observing inmates in their cells.  In a second generation jail the staff uses remote supervision as they remain in a secure control booth surrounded by inmate pods or living areas.  New generation jails have a podular architectural design that emphasizes the interaction of inmates and staff.  Fourth generation jails use the Omniview Total Supervision which encompasses a centrally placed, high-strength mirrored class control with a panoramic view the provides 100 percent surveillance of the entire inmate facility.  This promises to provide increased security as well as increased operational cost savings for all classification needs.

 

REF:    119-121           OBJ:    4, 5

 

8. Name at least four jail programs currently utilized.

 

ANS:   Larger jails now generally provide GED and adult basic education programs, drug and alcohol treatment programs, counseling, work release, inmate work programs, and inmate vocational programs.  Jails are also required to provide religious services, some exercise equipment, and access to a law library for long-term convicted inmates.  Jails are also mandated to provide adequate health care delivery systems.

 

REF:    122                  OBJ:    6

 

9. Discuss some of the health care issues confronting individuals in the jail setting.

 

ANS:   Jails have high rates of communicable diseases such as tuberculosis, HIV  , STDs, hepatitis and the measles.  Inmates also suffer from chronic diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, renal/liver disease, and lung disease.  Often times inmates also have alcohol and drug addiction which requires medical care when they enter jail and go through withdrawal.  Pregnant inmates require prenatal care.  Finally, many jail inmates are mentally ill and have suicide ideations.

 

REF:  122                    OBJ:  6

 

 

10. Name three of the most serious issues facing the jails in the U.S. today.

 

ANS:   Among the most serious issues are jail crowding, mental health services, health issues, contraband and the possibility of violence.  Jail populations have nearly tripled since 1985.  One of the problems with jail overcrowding is inmate idleness.  When inmates are idle they grow restless and this can cause physical and sexual assaults among inmates.  The increase of mentally ill inmates is one of the most serious issues facing jail administration.  Research shows that more than half of all inmates report mental health problems.  Violence consists of physical assaults between inmates or inmates and staff.  Inmate/inmate physical assaults, including rapes are the most frequent types of violence.  The problem of jail suicides also continues to plague jail administrators.

 

REF:    127-128                       OBJ:    7