Crime and Criminal Justice Concepts and Controversies 1st Edition By Mallicoat - Test Bank

Crime and Criminal Justice Concepts and Controversies 1st Edition By Mallicoat – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

 

 

 

Multiple Choice

 

 

 

1. This is the study of people who have been injured or harmed by another?
2. Criminology
3. Victimology
4. Penology
5. Positivism

Ans: B

Answer Location: Theories of Victimization

Learning Objective: 1, Assess the role of the just world hypothesis in victim blaming

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

2. Which of the following best summarizes one of the biggest problems with early theories of victimology?
3. They focused on how victims could be at fault for their own victimology.
4. They focused on how offenders chose their victims.
5. They did not study all types of victims.
6. There were no early theories that studied victims.

Ans: A

Answer Location: Theories of Victimization

Learning Objective: 1, Assess the role of the just world hypothesis in victim blaming

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

3. He is one of the early scholars who developed a typology of victimization that distinguished different types of victims based on the relative responsibility of the victim in their own victimization.
4. Hans von Hentig
5. Charles Coorcelle
6. Edwin Sutherland
7. Benjamin Mendelsohn

Ans: D

Answer Location: Theories of Victimization

Learning Objective: 3, Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

4. A victim who is killed by the domestic partner he abused for years is categorized as a(n):
5. victim who alone is guilty.
6. imaginary victim.
7. voluntary victim.
8. victim who is guiltier than the offender.

Ans: D

Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology

Learning Objective: 3, Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Application

Difficulty Level: Hard

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

5. A victim lost in the “wrong part of town” is a(n):
6. victim who alone is guilty.
7. imaginary victim.
8. innocent victim.
9. victim with minor guilt.

Ans: D

Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology

Learning Objective: 3, Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Application

Difficulty Level: Hard

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

6. A victim who pays a prostitute for sex and is then robbed by the prostitute is a(n):
7. victim who alone is guilty.
8. imaginary victim.
9. voluntary victim.
10. victim with minor guilt.

Ans: C

Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology

Learning Objective: 3, Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Application

Difficulty Level: Hard

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

7. His typology of victims looked at how personal factors, such as biological, psychological, and social factors, influence risk factors for victimization.
8. Hans von Hentig
9. Charles Coorcelle
10. Edwin Sutherland
11. Benjamin Mendelsohn

Ans: A

Answer Location: Theories of Victimization

Learning Objective: 3, Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

8. One who is particularly vulnerable to stressors at various stages during the life cycle falls under this typology of crime victims.
9. Dull normals
10. Wanton
11. Acquisitive
12. Mentally Defective

Ans: B

Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology

Learning Objective: 3, Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

9. A vulnerable individual who is easily exploited and typically has and IQ lower than average is a(n):
10. dull normals.
11. wanton.
12. acquisitive.
13. mentally defective.

Ans: B

Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology

Learning Objective: 3, Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

10. Which of the following statement does not align with the just world hypothesis?
11. People deserve whatever comes to them
12. People are at fault for their victimization
13. Good things happen to good people
14. All of these are representative of the just world hypothesis

Ans: D

Answer Location: Just World Hypothesis

Learning Objective: 1, Assess the role of the just world hypothesis in victim blaming

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

11. Which of the following statement is one of the major problems associated with the just world hypothesis?
12. It assumes people are able to change the environment in which they live.
13. It implies only “innocent” victims are true victims.
14. It creates a false sense of security about the risks of crime and victimization.
15. All of these are problems associated with the just world hypothesis.

Ans: D

Answer Location: Just World Hypothesis

Learning Objective: 1, Assess the role of the just world hypothesis in victim blaming

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Hard

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

12. Which of the following is not one of the essential components of Routine Activities Theory?
13. Motivated offender
14. Suitable target
15. Lack of capable guardianship
16. All of these are essential components

Ans: D

Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyle Theory

Learning Objective: 2, Explain how routine activities and lifestyle theory helps to understand why people are victimized

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

13. The author(s) of Routine Activities Theory are:
14. Cohen and Felson.
15. Sampson and Laub.
16. Benjamin Mendelsohn.
17. Hans von Hentig.

Ans: A

Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyle Theory

Learning Objective: 2, Explain how routine activities and lifestyle theory helps to understand why people are victimized

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

14. Routine activities theory was initially designed to explain victimization from:
15. property crime.
16. personal crime.
17. victimless crime.
18. white-collar crime.

Ans: A

Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyle Theory

Learning Objective: 2, Explain how routine activities and lifestyle theory helps to understand why people are victimized

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

15. Lifestyle theory was initially designed to explain victimization from:
16. property crime.
17. personal crime.
18. victimless crime.
19. white-collar crime.

Ans: B

Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyle Theory

Learning Objective: 2, Explain how routine activities and lifestyle theory helps to understand why people are victimized

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

16. According to this theory, one may increase the risk for criminal opportunity and victimization through both an increased exposure to criminal activity and an increased exposure to motivated offenders.
17. Routine Activities
18. Lifestyle
19. Victim Blaming
20. Rational Choice

Ans: B

Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyle Theory

Learning Objective: 2, Explain how routine activities and lifestyle theory helps to understand why people are victimized

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

17. The first victim services organization was developed in:
18. 1960.
19. 1972.
20. 1981.
21. 1992.

Ans: B

Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights

Learning Objective: 4, Summarize the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

18. The first victim services organization was developed in:
19. St. Louis, MO.
20. New York City, NY.
21. Los Angeles, CA.
22. Atlanta, GA.

Ans: A

Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights

Learning Objective: 4, Summarize the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

19. The first victim services organization was called the:
20. Victim Services Organization.
21. U.S. Victimization Center.
22. Criminal Justice Advocacy Center.
23. Crime Victim Advocacy Center.

Ans: D

Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights

Learning Objective: 4, Summarize the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

20. Composed of law enforcement officers, lawyers and members of the judiciary as well as victim advocates, their report included 68 recommendations to reform the experience of crime victims.
21. Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime
22. Victim Services Task Force
23. Department of Justice Victim Advocacy Center
24. American Victimization Center

Ans: A

Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights

Learning Objective: 4, Summarize the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

21. He established the Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime.
22. George W. Bush
23. Ronald Reagan
24. Richard Nixon
25. Bill Clinton

Ans: B

Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights

Learning Objective: 4, Summarize the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

22. The Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime was established in:
23. 1969.
24. 1978.
25. 1982.
26. 1996.

Ans: C

Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights

Learning Objective: 4, Summarize the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

23. Which of the following was not a result of one of the recommendations of the Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime?
24. Victim and Witness Protection Act
25. Victims of Crime Act (VOCA)
26. Crime Victims Fund
27. All of these choices resulted from recommendations of the Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime

Ans: D

Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights

Learning Objective: 5, Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

24. This established the Crime Victims Fund which, to date, has deposited almost 19 billion dollars.
25. Victim and Witness Protection Act
26. Victims of Crime Act (VOCA)
27. Crime Victims’ Rights Act
28. Victims’ Rights and Restitution Act

Ans: B

Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights

Learning Objective: 5, Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

25. Which of the following is not a legal right for victims under the Crime Victims’ Rights Act of 2004?
26. The right to be reasonably protected from the accused.
27. The right to be reasonably heard at any public proceeding in the district court involving release, plea, sentencing, or any parole proceeding.
28. The right to full and timely restitution as provided in law.
29. The reasonable right to confer with the attorney for the defense in the case.

Ans: D

Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights

Learning Objective: 5, Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

26. According to the NCVS, the rate of violent crime has ______ over the past year.
27. decreased
28. remained stable
29. increased
30. significantly increased

Ans: A

Answer Location: Who are the victims of crime?

Learning Objective: 6, Describe the extent of victimization in the U.S.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Hard

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

27. According to the NCVS, domestic violence victimization has ______ over the past year.
28. decreased
29. remained stable
30. increased
31. significantly increased

Ans: B

Answer Location: Who are the victims of crime?

Learning Objective: 6, Describe the extent of victimization in the U.S.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Hard

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

28. It is estimated that only _____% of victims report violent crime.
29. 23
30. 37
31. 49
32. 62

Ans: C

Answer Location: Who are the victims of crime?

Learning Objective: 6, Describe the extent of victimization in the U.S.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Hard

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

29. It is estimated that only _____% of victims report property crime.
30. 23
31. 37
32. 49
33. 62

Ans: B

Answer Location: Who are the victims of crime?

Learning Objective: 6, Describe the extent of victimization in the U.S.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Hard

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

30. Which of the following is not one of the reasons victims choose not to report their victimization to police?
31. They feel embarrassed.
32. They are afraid of retaliation.
33. They believe nothing can be done.
34. All of these are reasons victims do not report.

Ans: D

Answer Location: Unreported Crimes: Why Do Victims Not Report to the Police?

Learning Objective: 6, Describe the extent of victimization in the U.S.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: MC

 

 

 

True/False

 

 

 

31. The most common crime of identity theft involves the unauthorized use of a banking or credit card account.

Ans: True

Answer Location: Who are the victims of crime?

Learning Objective: 6, Describe the extent of victimization in the U.S.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Hard

Question Type: TF

 

 

 

32. Within the category of personal crime, the NCVS looks at the acts of homicide, rape, and sexual assault, robbery, simple and aggravated assault and pick-pocketing/purse-snatching.

Ans: False

Answer Location: Who are the victims of crime?

Learning Objective: 6, Describe the extent of victimization in the U.S.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: TF

 

 

 

33. First passed in 1994, the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) provided victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) support through the allocation of federal funds for prosecuting offenders.

Ans: True

Answer Location: Spotlight on Politics and Victim’s Rights: The Violence Against Women Act

Learning Objective: 5, Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: TF

 

 

 

34. The Crime Victims’ Rights Act of 2004 provides victims with legal rights for federal criminal cases such as the right to be reasonably protected from the accused.

Ans: True

Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights

Learning Objective: 5, Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: TF

 

 

 

35. In 1972, the Crime Victim Advocacy Center, developed in Los Angeles, CA, became the first victim services organization.

Ans: False

Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights

Learning Objective: 5, Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: TF

 

 

 

36. In 1982, President Ronald Reagan established the Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime which was composed of law enforcement officers, lawyers, members of the judiciary, and victim advocates.

Ans: True

Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights

Learning Objective: 5, Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: TF

 

 

 

37. The Victims of Crime Act (VOCA), established the Crime Victims Fund in 1984.

Ans: True

Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights

Learning Objective: 5, Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: TF

 

 

 

38. Victims have the right to be reasonably heard at any public proceeding in the district court involving release, plea, sentencing, or any parole proceeding.

Ans: True

Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights

Learning Objective: 4, Summarize the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: TF

 

 

 

39. Victims have the right to full and timely restitution as provided in law.

Ans: True

Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights

Learning Objective: 4, Summarize the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: TF

 

 

 

40. Megan’s Law, established in 1989, requires community notification in cases of convicted sex offenders.

Ans: False

Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights

Learning Objective: 4, Summarize the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: TF

 

 

 

41. By law, colleges and universities are required to disclose statistics about campus crime.

Ans: True

Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights

Learning Objective: 4, Summarize the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: TF

 

 

 

42. Hans von Hentig’s typology of victims looked at how personal factors, such as biological, psychological, and social factors, influence risk factors for victimization.

Ans: True

Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology

Learning Objective: 3, Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: TF

 

 

 

43. The just world hypothesis suggests bad things happen to bad people, and good things happen to good people.

Ans: True

Answer Location: Just World Hypothesis

Learning Objective: 1, Assess the role of the just world hypothesis in victim blaming

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: TF

 

 

 

44. Routine activities theory suggests that the likelihood of a criminal act occurs with the convergence of three essential components: a motivated offender, a suitable target, and lack of capable guardianship.

Ans: True

Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyle Theory

Learning Objective: 2, Explain how routine activities and lifestyle theory helps to understand why people are victimized

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: TF

 

 

 

45. According to lifestyle theory, increased exposure to criminal activity and increased exposure to motivated offenders are the only factors that place people at risk for victimization.

Ans: False

Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyle Theory

Learning Objective: 2, Explain how routine activities and lifestyle theory helps to understand why people are victimized

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: TF

 

 

 

Essay

 

 

 

46. Explain the essential components of routine activities theory. Provide one example on how they increase the likelihood of victimization.

Ans: In order for a crime to occur, this theory suggests that three components are needed: a motivated offender (someone who is interested in pursuing a criminal action), a suitable target (a potential victim that is available to be victimized), and lack of capable guardianship (the absence of someone or something that would deter the offender from making contact with the available victim). Examples will vary, but one could be an offender interested in committing murder who locates a victim alone in a parking lot with no witnesses or security cameras around.

Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyle Theory

Learning Objective: 2, Explain how routine activities and lifestyle theory helps to understand why people are victimized

Cognitive Domain: Application

Difficulty Level: Hard

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

47. How, based lifestyle theory, can a person increase the risk for criminal opportunity and victimization?

Ans: Based on one’s lifestyle, one may increase the risk through both an increased exposure to criminal activity and an increased exposure to motivated offenders. Additionally, nonviolent deviant behaviors, mental health status and substance use can place people at potential victimization.

Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyle Theory

Learning Objective: 2, Explain how routine activities and lifestyle theory helps to understand why people are victimized

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

48. How does the just world hypothesis contribute to victim blaming?

Ans: The just world hypothesis suggests that people deserve whatever comes to them. If a bad thing happens to someone, then that person must be at fault for their victimization because of who he or she is and what he or she does.

Answer Location: Just World Hypothesis

Learning Objective: 1, Assess the role of the just world hypothesis in victim blaming

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

49. How does a just world outlook give people a sense of peace?

Ans: It implies that I will only be the victim of crime if I do something bad, careless, or foolish. As long as I am good, good things will happen to me.

Answer Location: Just World Hypothesis

Learning Objective: 1, Assess the role of the just world hypothesis in victim blaming

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

50. Benjamin Mendelsohn developed a typology of victimization that distinguished different types of victims based on the relative responsibility of the victim in their own victimization. Explain and give one example of each of his typologies.

Ans: An innocent victim is someone with no responsibility in their victimization such as a victim of a school shooting who never met the offender. The victim with minor guilt is a victim whose victimization occurs as a result of carelessness or ignorance such as a victim who is walking alone down the street in a high crime area. A victim who is equally as guilty as the offender is a victim who shares the responsibility of the crime with the offender and deliberately placed himself or herself in harm’s way such as an individual who seeks out the services of a sex worker and only to contracts AIDS as a result of their interaction. The victim who is more guilty than the offender is a “victim” who is provoked by others to engage in criminal activity such as someone who is killed by his spouse after abusing her for a long time. A victim who is solely responsible engaged in an act that was likely to lead to injury on their part such as a suicide bomber. An imaginary victim is an individual who, as a result of some mental disease or defect, believes that he or she has been victimized by someone or something even though the victimization is not real.

Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology

Learning Objective: 3, Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Application

Difficulty Level: Hard

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

51. Hans von Hentig’s typology of victims looked at how personal factors, such as biological, psychological, and social factors, influence risk factors for victimization. What are these typologies?

Ans: The young; the female; the old; the mentally defective and deranged, immigrants; minorities; dull normals; the depressed; the acquisitive; the wanton; the lonesome or heartbroken; the tormenter; and the blocked, exempted, or fighting

Answer Location: Early Theories of Victimology

Learning Objective: 3, Compare and contrast the different typologies of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

52. What led to the development of the first victim’s services organization? What is this organization and where was it formed?

Ans: The fight for victims began as a grassroots movement during the 1970s in response to the lack of attention by the criminal justice system towards victim issues. Groups such as Mothers Against Drunk Driving, Parents of Murdered Children and National Organization for Victim Assistance were developed in 1972. The first victim services organization was developed in St. Louis, MO. It was called the Crime Victim Advocacy Center.

Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights

Learning Objective: 4, Summarize the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

53. What were the major contributions of the Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime?

Ans: Victim and Witness Protection Act of 1982 was passed by Congress to provide fair treatment standards to crime victims and witnesses. In 1983, the Office for Victims of Crime was established within the Office of Justice Programs. In 1984, the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) was passed which established the Crime Victims Fund.

Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights

Learning Objective: 4, Summarize the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

54. What rights are provided to victims’ under the Crime Victims’ Rights Act of 2004?

Ans: The right to be reasonably protected from the accused; the right to reasonable, accurate, and timely notice of any public court proceeding or any parole proceeding involving the crime, or of any release or escape of the accused; the right not to be excluded from any such public court proceeding, unless the court, after receiving clear and convincing evidence, determines that testimony by the victim would be materially altered if the victim heard other testimony at that proceeding; the right to be reasonably heard at any public proceeding in the district court involving release, plea, sentencing, or any parole proceeding;

the reasonable right to confer with the attorney for the government in the case; the right to full and timely restitution as provided in law; the right to proceedings free from unreasonable delay; the right to be treated with fairness and with respect for the victim’s dignity and privacy.

Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights

Learning Objective: 4, Summarize the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

55. What was the first state to develop victimization laws, and how have these laws expanded across the United States?

Ans: California was the first state to establish constitutional rights for crime victims and continues to have one of the most comprehensive Bill of Rights for victims in the nation. Today, 35 states have amended their constitutions to provide rights to victims during the criminal justice process. While the laws vary from state to state, they generally allow for the victim to receive information about the process, to attend court hearings, to be heard, and to receive restitution.

Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights

Learning Objective: 5, Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

56. What was the significant contribution of the Violence Against Women Act (1994)?

Ans: It provided funding for training of criminal justice personnel, funding for research on issues of intimate partner abuse, and resources for community-based services for victims.

Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights

Learning Objective: 5, Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

57. What was the significant contribution of the Student Right to Know and Campus Security Act (1990)?

Ans: It requires colleges and universities to disclose statistics about campus crime.

Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights

Learning Objective: 5, Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

58. What was the significant contribution of the Victims’ Rights and Restitution Act (1990)?

Ans: It incorporated a Bill of Rights for victims in federal crime cases.

Answer Location: The Current State of Victim’s Rights

Learning Objective: 5, Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

59. Why do some victims not report the crime to the police?

Ans: Some victims feel embarrassed by the crime, some believe that nothing can be done, some believe that the crime was not serious enough to make a big deal over it, some believe it is a personal matter, some fear retaliation, and some fear secondary victimization.

Answer Location: Unreported Crimes: Why Do Victims Not Report to the Police?

Learning Objective: 6, Describe the extent of victimization in the U.S.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

60. What is secondary victimization?

Ans: It is the practice whereby victims of crime feel traumatized as a result of not only their victimization experience, but also by the official criminal justice system response to their victimization.

Answer Location: Unreported Crimes: Why Do Victims Not Report to the Police?

Learning Objective: 6, Describe the extent of victimization in the U.S.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

61. Why are victims often blamed for their victimization?

Ans: The just-world hypothesis states that people who believe in a just world believe that things happen to people because they deserve it.

Answer Location: Just-World Hypothesis

Learning Objective: 5-1 Assess the role of the just-world hypothesis in victim blaming

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

62. What is the best theory to help understand victimization? What makes that the best theory?

Ans: Answers will vary. Routine activities—makes sense, especially for property crimes, though it can be applied to personal crimes. Lifestyle theory—developed to address crimes against a person. Mendelsohn and von Hentig’s theories are more about classification and less about helping explain victimization.

Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyle Theory

Learning Objective: 5-2 Explain how routine activities and lifestyle theory helps to understand why people are victimized

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

63. What did the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) in 1984 do?

Ans: It established the Crime Victims Fund.

Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights

Learning Objective: 5-5 Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

64. What rights do victims of crime have?

Ans: It varies by state, but they generally have the following: right to notification—to know when there are upcoming hearings; right to be reasonably protected from the accused; right to be reasonably heard at any public proceeding; right not to be excluded from any such public court proceeding; right to reasonable, accurate, and timely notice of any public court proceeding or any parole proceeding involving the crime or of any release or escape of the accused; reasonable right to confer with the attorney for the government; right to full and timely restitution; right to proceedings free from unreasonable delay; and right to be treated with fairness and dignity.

Answer Location: History of Victims’ Rights

Learning Objective: 5-4 Summarize the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

65. If you were a victim of a crime, which victims’ right would you hold most dear?

Ans: It could be any of the following: right to notification—to know when there are upcoming hearings; right to be reasonably protected from the accused; right to be reasonably heard at any public proceeding; right not to be excluded from any such public court proceeding; right to reasonable, accurate, and timely notice of any public court proceeding or any parole proceeding involving the crime or of any release or escape of the accused; reasonable right to confer with the attorney for the government; right to full and timely restitution; right to proceedings free from unreasonable delay; and right to be treated with fairness and dignity.

Answer Location: The Current State of Victims’ Rights

Learning Objective: 5-4 Summarize the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Application

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

66. How does secondary victimization impact victims?

Ans: May not report crime, may feel worse after reporting

Answer Location: Unreported Crimes: Why Do Victims Not Report to the Police?

Learning Objective: 5-6 Describe the extent of victimization in the United States

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

67. Should restorative justice be a greater part of the criminal justice system?

Ans: Yes, it can be very therapeutic for the victims (and help rehabilitate offenders), it gives victims a voice, and it has high rates of victim satisfaction. No, the offender may not be remorseful, and this could cause more harm.

Answer Location: Current Controversy 5.2: Is Restorative Justice an Effective Tool for Victims?

Learning Objective: 5-5 Discuss how legislative efforts have improved the rights of crime victims

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Hard

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

68. What does the NCVS reveal about unreported victimizations? Cite statistics to support your response.

Ans: Sixty-seven percent of cases of aggravated assault were reported; victims reported only 43% of simple assault cases. Similar patterns are observed in cases involving property crimes. While 83% of cases of motor vehicle theft were reported, other thefts were only reported 30% of the time.

Answer Location: Who Are the Victims of Crime?

Learning Objective: 5-6 Describe the extent of victimization in the United States

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: ESS

 

 

 

69. According to the NCVS, what are the trends in victimization?

Ans: Reported and unreported violent crime have decreased since 2003.

Answer Location: Who Are the Victims of Crime?

Learning Objective: 5-6 Describe the extent of victimization in the United States

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question Type: ESS