Criminal Justice in Action The Core 8th Edition by Gaines - Test Bank

Criminal Justice in Action The Core 8th Edition by Gaines – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

1. A hierarchically structured administrative organization that carries out specific functions is a:
a. bureaucracy. b. delegation.
c. chain of command. d. strategy.

ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

2. What is the ultimate goal of a bureaucratic organization, such as a police department?
a. administration development b. efficiency
c. low employee turnover d. work satisfaction for the employee

ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

3. What is the smallest stretch of area that a police officer or group of police officers regularly patrol?
a. beat b. district
c. station d. zone

ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

4. Which of the following is NOT a purpose of police patrol listed in the text?
a. deterrence of crime
b. maintenance of public order
c. improvement of public attitudes toward the police
d. provision of services that are not crime related

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

5. The majority of a patrol officer’s time is spent on:
a. preventive patrol. b. calls for service.
c. administrative duties. d. officer-initiated activities.

ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

6. Paperwork takes up to of a patrol officer’s time. a. 20% b. 40%
c. 60% d. 80%

ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

7. Studies have suggested that only calls to the police involve the report of criminal activity.
a. one in two
b. one in three
c. one in four
d. one in five

ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

8. After a crime has been committed and the patrol officer has gathered preliminary information from a crime scene, the responsibility of identifying the offender is delegated to the:
a. detective. b. internal affairs unit.
c. patrol officer. d. police chief.

ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

9. The most common way for someone to become a detective is to:
a. attend graduate school in criminal justice.
b. attend specialized training in the field.
c. earn an undergraduate college degree.
d. be promoted from patrol officer.

ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

10. Aggressive investigation strategies include:
a. crackdowns. b. undercover operations.
c. roadblocks. d. increased patrol of hot spots.

ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.02 – Indicate some investigation strategies that are considered aggressive.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

11. Because of , police officers are limited in what they can do to convince the target of an undercover operation to participate in an illegal activity.
a. duress b. entrapment
c. necessity d. self-defense

ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.02 – Indicate some investigation strategies that are considered aggressive.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

12. Today, most undercover officers are used to infiltrate large-scale operations.
a. burglary b. car theft
c. narcotics d. serial killer

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.02 – Indicate some investigation strategies that are considered aggressive.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

13. tThe term “clearance rate” refers to:
a. the percentage of reported crimes.
b. the percentage of crimes that result in arrest and prosecution.
c. the percentage of crimes that result in a criminal conviction.
d. the percentage of stolen goods that are returned to victims of crime.

ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.02 – Indicate some investigation strategies that are considered aggressive.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

14. Which crime is investigated most thoroughly and thus results in the highest clearance rates?
a. burglary b. computer theft
c. murder d. stolen vehicle

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.02 – Indicate some investigation strategies that are considered aggressive.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

15. Which is NOT an example of trace evidence?
a. ballistics b. blood
c. fingerprints d. hair

ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.03 – Describe how forensic experts use DNA fingerprinting to solve crimes.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

16. For more than a century, the most important piece of trace evidence has been:
a. DNA. b. the human fingerprint.
c. human hair. d. blood evidence.

ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.03 – Describe how forensic experts use DNA fingerprinting to solve crimes.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

17. Ballistics is the study of:
a. DNA. b. fingerprinting.
c. firearms. d. response time.

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.03 – Describe how forensic experts use DNA fingerprinting to solve crimes.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

18. DNA fingerprinting emerged in the: a. 1970s.
b. 1980s. c. 1990s. d. 2000s.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.03 – Describe how forensic experts use DNA fingerprinting to solve crimes.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

19. The establishment of a connection between a suspect and a crime, often through the use of DNA evidence, in the absence of an ongoing investigation is a:
a. proactive solve. b. clearance rate.
c. random hit. d. cold hit.

ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.03 – Describe how forensic experts use DNA fingerprinting to solve crimes.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

20. A database containing the DNA of more than 4.5 million people is:
a. CODIS. b. AFIS.
c. IBIS. d. NCVS.

ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.03 – Describe how forensic experts use DNA fingerprinting to solve crimes.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

21. Who operated the National Combined DNA Index System?
a. ATF b. DEA
c. FBI d. ICE

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.03 – Describe how forensic experts use DNA fingerprinting to solve crimes.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

22. A reactive approach to policing that emphasizes a speedy response to calls for service is:
a. community policing. b. directed policing.
c. problem-oriented policing. d. incident-driven policing.

ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

23. Time elapsed between the instant a call for service is received and the instant a police officer arrives on the scene, otherwise referred to as , has become a benchmark for police efficiency.
a. differential response b. directed patrol
c. incident-driven policing d. response time

ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

24. In which type of patrol do officers make the rounds of a specific area with the purpose of carrying out the various patrol functions?
a. directed b. incident-driven
c. general d. scattered indirect

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

25. The Kansas City Experiment showed that decreasing preventive patrol:
a. had little or no impact on crime.
b. decreased crime.
c. increased crime.
d. increased the number of reported offenses.

ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

26. An area that is concentrated with high criminal activity to which there is a directed police response is a:
a. depressed spot. b. heavy spot.
c. hot spot. d. crime spot.

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

27. What type of technology is utilized by police departments to locate and identify hot spots?
a. arrest rates b. crime mapping
c. preventive patrol d. rapid response

ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

28. The “broken windows theory” is based on the theory that by cracking down on crimes, police can significantly reduce all crime in an area.
a. felony b. property
c. quality-of-life d. violent

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

29. A policing philosophy that moves beyond responding to incidents and attempts to solve the root causes of criminal behavior is:
a. problem-oriented policing. b. community policing.
c. incident-driving policing. d. proactive policing.

ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.05 – Explain why reactive arrest strategies might be incompatible with problem-oriented policing.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

30. can be defined as an approach that promotes community-police relations.
a. Directed patrol
b. Random patrol
c. Proactive patrol
d. Community policing

ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.05 – Explain why reactive arrest strategies might be incompatible with problem-oriented policing.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

31. A broad term used to describe the basic assumptions and values that permeate law enforcement agencies and are taught to new members of a law enforcement agency as the proper way to think, perceive, and act is called:
a. the blue curtain. b. police cynicism.
c. the police subculture. d. socialization.

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: “Us Versus Them”: Issues in Modern Policing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.06 – Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

32. Which of the following is defined as “a metaphorical term used to refer to the value placed on secrecy and the general mistrust of the outside world shared by many police officers”?
a. blue curtain b. police sarcasm
c. police cynicism d. police subculture

ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: “Us Versus Them”: Issues in Modern Policing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.06 – Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

33. Which one is NOT an internal pressure of police officers that causes stress?
a. the need to comply with the law
b. limited opportunities for career and advancement
c. excessive paperwork
d. low wages and benefits

ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: “Us Versus Them”: Issues in Modern Policing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.06 – Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

34. Police officers often have high levels of , otherwise known as the stress hormone.
a. dopamine
b. cortisol
c. proposol
d. adrenaline

ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: “Us Versus Them”: Issues in Modern Policing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.06 – Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

35. The use of force by police officers occurs in about % of all police-public encounters.
a. 9 b. 4
c. 1 d. 6

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: “Us Versus Them”: Issues in Modern Policing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.06 – Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

36. In , the U.S. Supreme Court set the limits for the use of deadly force by law enforcement officers.
a. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) b. Tennessee v. Garner (1985)
c. Graham v. Connor (1989) d. Roviaro v. United States (1957)

ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: “Us Versus Them”: Issues in Modern Policing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.06 – Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

37. is the degree of force that is appropriate to protect the police officer or other citizens and is not excessive.
a. Deadly force
b. Reasonable force
c. Sufficient force
d. Minimal force

ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: “Us Versus Them”: Issues in Modern Policing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.06 – Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

38. is when an officer actively demands payment from an individual or a business in return for certain services.
a. Gleaning b. Mooching
c. A payoff d. A shakedown

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Misconduct and Ethics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.07 – Explain why police officers are allowed discretionary powers.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

39. When police officers accept free gifts from citizens (a passive form of corruption), this is called:
a. a shakedown. b. a payoff.
c. mooching. d. bribery.

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Misconduct and Ethics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.07 – Explain why police officers are allowed discretionary powers.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

40. The is a division within a police department that receives and investigates complaints of wrongdoing by police officers.
a. Administrative Department b. Citizen Oversight Committee
c. Ethics Department d. Internal Affairs Unit

ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Misconduct and Ethics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.07 – Explain why police officers are allowed discretionary powers.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

41. According to Sherman, in the first stage of moral decline of a police officer, the officer:
a. accepts minor gratuities.
b. may force another party to pay for unwanted police services.
c. no longer passively accepts bribes.
d. takes in large amounts of money through involvement in drugs, gambling, or prostitution organizations.

ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Misconduct and Ethics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.07 – Explain why police officers are allowed discretionary powers.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

Case 5-1
Officer Richards was driving his beat when he saw a man running down the street at the same time that he received a radio dispatch that a convenience store was robbed and the cashier shot. Officer Richard jumps out of his car and chases the man down. He arrested the man because he believed this was the man that just committed an armed robbery at the local convenience store. In the robbery, the cashier was shot three times. There were also bullet holes in the wall. When arresting the suspect, Officer Richards did not find a gun on the suspect’s person.
42. What category of routine patrol activity was Officers Richards participating in when he was driving down his beat attempting to prevent crime from occurring?
a. preventive patrol
b. calls for service
c. administrative duties
d. officer-initiated activities
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

43. When crime scene investigators respond to the convenience store, what trace evidence will they immediately protect from contamination?
a. blood
b. fingerprints
c. hair
d. all of these
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.02 – Indicate some investigation strategies that are considered aggressive.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

44. Crime scene investigators will also study the ballistics at the crime scene. Ballistics is:
a. the study of firearms, including the weapon and the flight of the bullet.
b. the identification of a person based on a sample of her or his DNA.
c. the comparison of the number of crimes cleared compared to the number of crimes committed.
d. the time that passed between the call to report the robbery and when police arrived on the scene.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.02 – Indicate some investigation strategies that are considered aggressive.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

45. Officer Richards was patrolling this particular area because there had been multiple reports of robberies and illegal narcotics transactions in this area at this time of day. Officer Richards was most likely participating in:
a. general patrol.
b. directed patrol.
c. crime mapping.
d. community policing.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

46. While placing the suspect under arrest, there was no resistance. What level of force would Officer Richards appropriately be able to use?
a. officer presence
b. verbal commands
c. intermediate weapons like a baton or taser
d. deadly force
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: “Us Versus Them”: Issues in Modern Policing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.06 – Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

Case 5-2
Officer Torres is new to the police force. She was the top of her class in the police academy and received positive feedback from her field training officer. She has been on the job for approximately 1 year and has soon realized that working as a police officer is very different from what they learned in the police academy.
47. Officer Torres is having a difficult time because many of her fellow officers are trying to “teach” her the way to
think, perceive, and act. This is known as:
a. proactive policing.
b. reactive policing.
c. police subculture.
d. police use of force.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.05 – Explain why reactive arrest strategies might be incompatible with problem-oriented policing.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

48. Officer Torres’ fellow officers are very secretive with outsiders about the police department and generally mistrust
the outside world. This is known as the:
a. blue curtain.
b. green curtain.
c. red curtain.
d. yellow curtain.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.05 – Explain why reactive arrest strategies might be incompatible with problem-oriented policing.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

49. Officer Torres believes that she is suffering from burnout and feels that there are many stressors that are causing this. Which would NOT be considered a common stressor for law enforcement officers?
a. fear of being a victim of violent crime
b. the need to comply with the law in nearly every job action
c. lack of community support
d. positive media coverage
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.05 – Explain why reactive arrest strategies might be incompatible with problem-oriented policing.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

50. Officer Torres was recently in a situation where she was apprehending a burglary suspect. The suspect was actively resisting by pulling away from Officer Torres and even attempted to punch her in the stomach. Which weapon would Officer Torres not be allowed to use to subdue the offender?
a. baton
b. gun
c. strikes
d. taser
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: “Us Versus Them”: Issues in Modern Policing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.06 – Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

51. Officer Torres is also stressed because her partner, Officer Williams, often coerces money from local drug dealers and keeps the money for himself. Officer Williams is using which type of police corruption?
a. bribery
b. extortion
c. mooching
d. shakedowns
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Misconduct and Ethics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.07 – Explain why police officers are allowed discretionary powers.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

52. In most police departments the police responsibilities are divided according to zones as well as by time.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

53. The first goal of policing is to provide services to the community that are not crime related.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

54. In large police departments, as many as two-thirds of all employees are sworn officers.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

55. The vast majority of patrol shifts are completed without a single arrest.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

56. Officer-initiated activities account for the most amount of patrol time.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

57. Delegation of authority is a critical component of the chain of command, especially in large departments.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

58. Officer-initiated activities account for the least amount of time.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

59. Because there are more stolen vehicles than murders in most jurisdictions, law enforcement agencies use more resources and time to investigate stolen vehicles than murders.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.02 – Indicate some investigation strategies that are considered aggressive.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

60. Confidential informants are generally police officers who are working undercover to infiltrate criminal organizations.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.02 – Indicate some investigation strategies that are considered aggressive.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

61. Police departments are only using DNA to solve murders and rapes.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.03 – Describe how forensic experts use DNA fingerprinting to solve crimes.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

62. DNA taken from a crime scene may soon be able to provide law enforcement with a physical description of a suspect.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.03 – Describe how forensic experts use DNA fingerprinting to solve crimes.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

63. Police response time is a benchmark used for police efficiency.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

64. The most pressing shortcomings of America’s 911 services are organizational.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

65. Directed patrol strategies are also known as preventive patrol.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

66. Reactive arrests are associated with general patrol activities.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

67. The “broken windows theory” proposes that cracking down on violent crime will allow police to reclaim
neighborhoods.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

68. A “hot crime” will receive attention as “time permits.”

a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

69. One problem for police is that standard 911 systems cannot pinpoint a location of a mobile phone or computer.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

70. According to the Kansas City Experiment, increasing or decreasing random patrol had little or no impact on the crime rate.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

71. Community-oriented policing is a philosophy that requires police to identify potential criminal activity and develop strategies to prevent or respond to that activity.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.05 – Explain why reactive arrest strategies might be incompatible with problem-oriented policing.
72. Rookies begin the process of socialization from the first day on the job.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: “Us Versus Them”: Issues in Modern Policing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.06 – Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

73. Tennessee v. Garner (1985) outlawed the use of deadly force by police officers.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: “Us Versus Them”: Issues in Modern Policing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.06 – Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

74. Police officers use physical force in about 25% of police-public encounters.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: “Us Versus Them”: Issues in Modern Policing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.06 – Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

75.

A police officer who accepts free “gifts,” such as cigarettes, liquor, or services, in return for favorable treatment of
the gift giver is said be participating in mooching.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Misconduct and Ethics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.07 – Explain why police officers are allowed discretionary powers.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

76. Police officers are generally considered trustworthy and therefore assumed to make honest decisions.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Misconduct and Ethics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.07 – Explain why police officers are allowed discretionary powers.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

77. Police officers are allowed discretionary powers because they may find themselves in danger of physical harm and must be allowed to take reasonable steps to protect themselves.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Misconduct and Ethics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.07 – Explain why police officers are allowed discretionary powers.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

78. Duty is the obligation to act in a certain manner.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Misconduct and Ethics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.08 – Explain what an ethical dilemma is, and name four categories of ethical dilemmas that a police officer typically may face.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

79. is a hierarchically structured administrative organization that carries out specific functions.
ANSWER: Bureaucracy
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

80. A is the smallest stretch that a police officer or group of police officers regularly patrol.
ANSWER: beat
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

81. ________________ are those officers authorized to make arrests and use force.
ANSWER: Sworn officers
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

82. A is a criminal investigation that has not been solved after a certain amount of time.
ANSWER: cold case
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.02 – Indicate some investigation strategies that are considered aggressive.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

83. The application of science to establish facts and evidence during the investigation of crimes is
___________________.
ANSWER: forensics
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.02 – Indicate some investigation strategies that are considered aggressive.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

84. The study of firearms, including the firing of the weapon and the flight of the bullet, is .
ANSWER: ballistics
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.02 – Indicate some investigation strategies that are considered aggressive.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

85. is the genetic material found in the cells of all living things.
ANSWER: DNA
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.03 – Describe how forensic experts use DNA fingerprinting to solve crimes.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

86. is a strategy for answering calls for service in which response time is adapted to the seriousness of the call.
ANSWER: Differential response
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

87. Since the mid-1900s, a number of metropolitan areas have introduced call systems to reduce the strain on 911 operations.
ANSWER: 311 nonemergency
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

88. In patrols, officers spend a substantial amount of their shifts hoping to notice any crimes that may be occurring.
ANSWER: random
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

89. Areas that contain a greater number of criminals and higher-than-average levels of victimization are often labeled
_______________.
ANSWER: hot spots
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

90. is the technology that allows crime analysis to identify trends and patterns of criminal behavior within a given area.
ANSWER: Crime mapping
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

91. arrests occur when the police take the initiative to target a particular type of criminal behavior.
ANSWER: Proactive
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.05 – Explain why reactive arrest strategies might be incompatible with problem-oriented policing.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

92. Feelings of frustration and mistrust toward civilians are part of the .
ANSWER: police subculture
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: “Us Versus Them”: Issues in Modern Policing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.06 – Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

93. The aspects of police work and life that lead to feelings of stress are called .
ANSWER: stressors
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: “Us Versus Them”: Issues in Modern Policing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.06 – Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

94. An officer suffering from will reexperience the traumatic event through nightmares and flashbacks.
ANSWER: PTSD
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: “Us Versus Them”: Issues in Modern Policing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.06 – Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

95. is a mental state that occurs when a person suffers from exhaustion and has difficulty functioning normally as a result of overwork and stress.
ANSWER: Burnout
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: “Us Versus Them”: Issues in Modern Policing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.06 – Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

96. is force applied by a police officer that is likely or intended to cause death.
ANSWER: Deadly force
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: “Us Versus Them”: Issues in Modern Policing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.06 – Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

97. The misuse of authority by a law enforcement officer is .
ANSWER: police corruption
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Misconduct and Ethics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.07 – Explain why police officers are allowed discretionary powers.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

98. is when an officer accepts money in exchange for allowing a certain criminal activity to continue.
ANSWER: Bribery
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Misconduct and Ethics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.07 – Explain why police officers are allowed discretionary powers.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

99. The is a division within a police department that receives and investigates complaints of wrongdoing by police officers.
ANSWER: Internal Affairs Unit
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Misconduct and Ethics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.07 – Explain why police officers are allowed discretionary powers.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

100. Many communities rely on an external procedure for handling citizen complaints, which is known as
___________________________.
ANSWER: citizen oversight
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Misconduct and Ethics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.07 – Explain why police officers are allowed discretionary powers.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

101. corruption is knowing misconduct by a police officer with the goal of
attaining what the officer believes is a “just” result.
ANSWER: Noble cause
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Misconduct and Ethics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.08 – Explain what an ethical dilemma is, and name four categories of ethical dilemmas that a police officer typically may face.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

102. The obligation to act in a certain manner is .
ANSWER: duty
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Misconduct and Ethics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.08 – Explain what an ethical dilemma is, and name four categories of ethical dilemmas that a police officer typically may face.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

103. The four categories of ethical dilemmas involve discretion, duty, honesty, and .
ANSWER: loyalty
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Misconduct and Ethics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.08 – Explain what an ethical dilemma is, and name four categories of ethical dilemmas that a police officer typically may face.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

104. List and discuss the three primary purposes/goals of police patrol.
ANSWER: o the deterrence of crime by maintaining a visible police presence
o the maintenance of public order and a sense of security in the community
o the 24-hour provision of services that are not crime related
each department has its own methods and strategies for accomplishing these

o
POINTS: 1

goals

REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

105. Why did reformers implement a militaristic organization of police departments?

ANSWER: to lessen corruption
to have a clear chain of command
to implement a clear rank structure with strict accountability

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 – List the three primary purposes of police patrol.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

106. Discuss two aggressive investigation strategies.
Going undercover is one investigation strategy. This occurs when a law enforcement agent assumes a false identity in order to obtain information concerning illegal activities. Each department has its own guidelines on when

 

ANSWER:

o undercover operations are necessary. All that is required is a suspicion thatcriminal activity is taking place. Undercover officers are most commonly used to infiltrate large-scale narcotics operations or those run by organized crime.
Some police departments use confidential informants as an investigation strategy. CIs are people involved in criminal activity who give information about
o that activity and those who engage in it to the police. Police departments are not required to disclose the identity of an informant unless a court finds that information is needed to determine the guilt or innocence of a suspect.

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.02 – Indicate some investigation strategies that are considered aggressive.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

107. What type of information are forensic scientists looking for?

ANSWER: the cause of death or injury the time of death or injury
the type of weapon or weapons used the identity of the crime weapon
the identity of the offender

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.02 – Indicate some investigation strategies that are considered aggressive.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

108. Describe how forensic experts use DNA fingerprinting to solve crimes.
DNA provides a “genetic blueprint” or “code” for every living organism. DNA

ANSWER:

o fingerprinting is useful in criminal investigations because no two people have the same genetic code. Therefore, lab technicians can compare the DNA sample of a
suspect to the evidence found at the crime scene.
Operated by the FBI since 1998, CODIS gives local and state law enforcement
o agencies access to the DNA profiles of a wide variety of persons who have been convicted of murder and sexual assault. This can provide police with what is
referred to as a “cold hit.”

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.03 – Describe how forensic experts use DNA fingerprinting to solve crimes.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

109. List four new developments in DNA technology.

ANSWER: touch DNA
familial searches DNA fog
DNA as a genetic witness
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.03 – Describe how forensic experts use DNA fingerprinting to solve crimes.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

110. How do differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls?
A differential response strategy allows a police department to distinguish among

ANSWER:

o calls for service so that officers may respond to important calls more quickly.
A “hot” crime like a burglary in progress will receive more immediate action than
o a crime that occurred several days earlier.

o Overall response time is not as critical as response for the most important calls.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

111. Discuss the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment.
There was a debate as to whether the presence of a police officer would deter

ANSWER:

o criminals from attempting to commit crime.
In 1972 and 1973, researchers tested this theory when they chose three
o research areas.
Over a 12-month period, police applied one of three patrol strategies including
o control beats, proactive beats, and reactive beats.
Control beats use normal preventive measures where a single automobile drove
o the streets when not answering calls for service.
On the proactive beats, the level of preventive measures was increased, with
o automobile patrols being doubled or tripled.
On the reactive beats, preventive patrol was eliminated entirely, and patrol cars
o only answered calls for service.
The results of the study were surprising because researchers found that increasing or decreasing preventive patrol had little or no impact on crimes,
o public opinion, the effectiveness of the police, police response time, traffic
accidents, or reports of crime to police.

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.04 – Explain why differential response strategies enable police departments to respond more efficiently to 911 calls.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

112. Explain community policing and its contribution to the concept of problem-oriented policing.
Community policing involves proactive problem solving and a community-police

ANSWER:

o partnership in which the community engages itself along with the police to address crime and the fear of crime in a particular geographic area.
By establishing cooperative presence in a community, police officers are better
o able to recognize the root causes of criminal behavior there and apply problem- oriented policing methods when necessary.

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Strategies: What Works
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.05 – Explain why reactive arrest strategies might be incompatible with problem-oriented policing.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

113. Discuss police subculture and how police officers become socialized.
Police subculture is a broad term that describes the values and perceptions

ANSWER:

o that are shared by members of a police department and, to a certain extent, by all law enforcement agents.
Feelings of frustration and mistrust toward civilians are hallmarks of police
o subculture.
Every organization has a subculture. Police subcultures are formed in an
o environment characterized by danger, stress, boredom, and violence.
Through socialization rookies adopt a police subculture. This is the process through which a police officer is taught the values and expected behavior of
o the police subculture. This process is aided by rituals that are common to the
law enforcement experience.

o The following rituals are critical to the police subculture:
· attending a police academy
· working with a senior officer
· making the initial felony arrest
· using force to make an arrest for the first time
· using or witnessing deadly force for the first time
· witnessing major traumatic incidents for the first time
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: “Us Versus Them”: Issues in Modern Policing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.06 – Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

114. What are the rituals that are part of a police officer’s acceptance, and even embrace, of the police subculture?

ANSWER: attending the police academy
working with a senior officer, who passes on the lessons of police work making the initial felony arrest
using force to make an arrest for the first time using or witnessing deadly force for the first time
witnessing major traumatic incidents for the first time
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: “Us Versus Them”: Issues in Modern Policing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.06 – Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
KEYWORDS: Blooms:Understand

115. Explain five stress factors that police officers experience.

ANSWER: the constant fear of being a victim of a crime exposure to violent crime and its victims
the need to comply with the law in nearly every job action lack of community support
negative media support

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: “Us Versus Them”: Issues in Modern Policing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.06 – Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

116. Discuss the use of force and when police are justified in using deadly force.
ANSWER: o Police officers may have to use force in their day-to-day patrol activities.
The use of physical force by law enforcement personnel is rare, occurring in
o only about 1% of all police-public encounters.
Police officers are justified in using force to protect themselves and other
o citizens. To provide guidance for officers, nearly all law enforcement agencies use a use of force matrix.
There are two kinds of force, non-deadly and deadly force. Most force used by law enforcement is non-deadly and is often considered reasonable. Reasonable
o force is the degree of force that is appropriate to protect the police officer or
other citizens and is not excessive.
o Deadly force applied by a police officer is likely to cause death.
Deadly force is allowed if the officer has probable cause to believe that a

o
POINTS: 1

suspect poses a threat of serious injury or death to officers or others.

REFERENCES: “Us Versus Them”: Issues in Modern Policing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.06 – Determine when police officers are justified in using deadly force.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand

117. Identify and discuss the three traditional forms of police corruption.
One of the three forms is bribery, in which the police officer accepts money or
other forms of payment in exchange for “favors,” which may include allowing a

ANSWER:

o certain criminal activity to continue or misplacing a key piece of evidence before a trial. Related to bribery are payoffs, in which an officer demands payment from an individual or a business in return for certain services.

o Shakedowns, another form of police corruption, occur when an officer attempts to coerce money or goods from a citizen or criminal.
Mooching is a type of corruption in which the police officer accepts free “gifts,”

ο
POINTS: 1

such as cigarettes, liquor, or services, in return for favorable treatment of the gift giver.

REFERENCES: Police Misconduct and Ethics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.07 – Explain why police officers are allowed discretionary powers.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

118. Explain what an ethical dilemma is and name four categories of ethical dilemmas typically faced by police officers.
ANSWER:
o Criminologists Joycelyn M. Pollock and Ronald F. Becker define an ethical dilemma as a situation in which law enforcement officers:
· do not know the right course of action;
· have difficulty doing what they consider to be right; and/or
· find the wrong choice very tempting.
o There are four categories of ethical dilemmas:
· Discretion. The law provides rigid guidelines for how police officers must act and how they cannot act, but it does not offer guidelines for how officers should act in many circumstances.
· Duty. The concept of discretion is linked with duty, or the obligation to act in a certain manner.
· Honesty. Of course, honesty is a critical attribute for an ethical police officer. A law enforcement agent must make hundreds of decisions in a day, and most of them require him or her to be honest in order to properly do the job.
· Loyalty. What should a police officer do if he or she witnesses a partner using excessive force on a suspect? The choice often sets loyalty against ethics, especially if the officer does not condone the violence.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Police Misconduct and Ethics
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.08 – Explain what an ethical dilemma is, and name four categories of ethical dilemmas that a police officer typically may face.
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand