Criminology The Core 5th Edition by Larry J. Siegel - Test Bank

Criminology The Core 5th Edition by Larry J. Siegel – Test Bank

 

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Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

1. The early research of Lombroso and his contemporaries is regarded as scientific fact.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Development of Trait Theory
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.01 – 05.01
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

2. According to sociobiology, living in a disadvantaged neighborhood will cause a well-adjusted person to commit crime.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Contemporary Trait Theory
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.01 – 05.01
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

3. The “Twinkie defense” brought national attention to the view that biochemical conditions can influence antisocial behavior.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.02 – 05.02
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

4. Biosocial research has found that abnormal levels of male sex hormones, or androgens, produce aggressive behavior.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.02 – 05.02
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

5. Neurophysiology studies twin behavior in order to understand criminality.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.02 – 05.02
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

6. According to arousal theory, sensation seekers look for stimulating activities that may include aggressive, violent behavior patterns.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.02 – 05.02
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

7. There is a stronger link between criminal behavior and identical twins than between criminal behavior and fraternal twins.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.03 – 05.03
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

8. There is a significant relationship between parental and child deviance levels.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.03 – 05.03
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

9. Evolutionary theorists believe that human traits that produce violence and aggression have been advanced by the long process of human evolution.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.03 – 05.03
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

10. According to Freud’s version of psychodynamic theory, the human personality has a two-part structure: the id and the ego.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Psychological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.04 – 05.04
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

11. Social learning theorists argue that people are not born with the ability to act violently.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Psychological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.05 – 05.05
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

12. Psychopaths are the product of a destructive home environment.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Personality and Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.05 – 05.05
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

13. Nature theory argues that intelligence is largely determined genetically, that ancestry determines IQ, and that low intelligence, as demonstrated by low IQ, is linked to criminal behavior.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Intelligence and Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.06 – 05.06
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

14. Police are more likely to arrest the mentally ill, giving the illusion that they are crime-prone.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Mental Disorders and Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.06 – 05.06
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

15. Behaviorists view aggression as an inherited behavior.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Psychological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.05 – 05.05
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

16. Both extroverts and introverts are at risk for antisocial behaviors.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Personality and Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.05 – 05.05
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

17. Errors in cognition and information processing have been used to explain the behaviors of child abusers.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Psychological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.05 – 05.05
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

18. The research on biochemical theories focuses on twin and sibling behavior.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.02 – 05.02
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

19. The male hormone testosterone is linked to criminality.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.02 – 05.02
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

20. __________ theory reflects the view that criminality is a product of abnormal biological or psychological traits.
a. Rational choice
b. Trait
c. Social structure
d. Labeling
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Development of Trait Theory
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.01 – 05.01
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

21. Socio-biologists view all of the following factors as being mutually interdependent except
a. biology.
b. environment.
c. learning.
d. ecology.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Development of Trait Theory
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.01 – 05.01
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

22. Biological explanations of crime reemerged in the early _______ with the publication of Sociobiology by Edmond O. Wilson.
a. 1950s
b. 1970s
c. 1980s
d. 1990s
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Development of Trait Theory
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.01 – 05.01
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

23. Diet, hormones, and contaminants are the causes of behavior in the ________ perspective.
a. biochemical
b. neurophysiological
c. genetic
d. evolutionary
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Contemporary Trait Theory
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.01 – 05.01
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

24. Which of the following is not considered to contribute to a healthy diet, and thus good mental health and well-adjusted behavior patterns?
a. Polyunsaturated fatty acids
b. Minerals
c. Vitamins
d. Heavy metals such as lead and mercury
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.02 – 05.02
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

25. Biosocial research has found that abnormal levels of male sex hormones, known as __________, do in fact produce aggressive behavior.
a. antigens
b. androgens
c. estrogens
d. peptides
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.02 – 05.02
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

26. __________, the most abundant androgen, has been linked to criminality.
a. Testosterone
b. Estrogen
c. Serotonin
d. Monoamine
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.02 – 05.02
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

27. According to Diana Fishbin, there is an association between _________ and elevated levels of female aggression.
a. diet
b. divorce
c. menstruation
d. pregnancy
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.02 – 05.02
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

28. Locations with the highest concentrations of lead also report the highest levels of
a. suicide.
b. ADHD.
c. mercury.
d. homicide.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.02 – 05.02
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

29. What is the study of brain activity?
a. Psychology
b. Neurophysiology
c. Pathology
d. Evolutionary criminology
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.02 – 05.02
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

30. Brain scanning techniques using electronic images suggest that which of the following statements is true?
a. All criminals have low levels of testosterone.
b. Both violent criminals and substance abusers have impairment in the pre-frontal lobe.
c. Female inmates show lower levels of synopsis activity than men.
d. Latinos have higher rates of androgens in the cerebral cortex than non-Latinos.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.02 – 05.02
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

31. Many children with ADHD also suffer from ____and continually engage in aggressive and antisocial behavior early in childhood.
a. conduct disorder
b. schizophrenia
c. hypoglycemia
d. behavior modeling
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.02 – 05.02
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

32. Evidence exists indicating that abnormally low levels of brain chemical compounds called __________ are associated with violent behavior.
a. Electrolytes
b. chemical “straightjackets”
c. chemical restraints
d. neurotransmitters
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.02 – 05.02
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

33. According to ___________ theory, for a variety of genetic and environmental reasons, people’s brains function differently in response to environmental stimuli.
a. excitement
b. arousal
c. danger t
d. stimuli
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.02 – 05.02
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

34. If criminal fathers produce criminal sons who produce criminal grandchildren, then crime can be said to be
a. intraracial.
b. interracial.
c. interbiological.
d. intergenerational.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.03 – 05.03
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

35. In adoption studies, which of the following strongly predicted a child’s criminal behavior?
a. A criminal biological mother
b. A criminal adoptive mother
c. A criminal biological father
d. A criminal adoptive grandfather
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.03 – 05.03
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

36. Studies conducted on twin behavior have detected a significant relationship between the criminal activities of _____ twins.
a. AZ
b. DZ
c. MZ
d. QZ
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.03 – 05.03
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

37. Genetic theory holds that criminality-producing traits are passed
a. from generation to generation.
b. from fathers to sons but not fathers to daughters.
c. from mothers to sons but not mothers to daughters.
d. from one generation, but then skip the next generation.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.03 – 05.03
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

38. Which perspective best supports the fact that human history has been marked by war, violence, and aggression?
a. Biochemical
b. Neurophysiological
c. Genetic
d. Evolutionary
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.03 – 05.03
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

39. A significant criticism of biosocial theory has been that it
a. is the product of flawed methodology.
b. is based on outdated research.
c. is racist.
d. fails to explain gender differences in the crime rate.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Evaluation of Trait Theory
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.06 – 05.06
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

40. __________ was the forerunner of modern learning theorists who believed that people learn from one another through imitation.
a. Albert Bandura
b. Charles Goring
c. Gabriel Tarde
d. Sigmund Freud
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Psychological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.04 – 05.04
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

41. According to the psychoanalytic perspective, the __________ develops as a result of incorporating within the personality the moral standards and values of parents, community, and significant others.
a. id
b. ego
c. superego
d. conscience
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Psychological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.04 – 05.04
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

42. Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) developed ________ psychology, which has remained a prominent segment of psychological theory ever since.
a. neurological
b. biosocial
c. generational
d. psychodynamic
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Psychological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.04 – 05.04
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

43. __________ theory is the branch of behavior theory most relevant to criminology.
a. Cognitive
b. Social learning
c. Information-processing
d. Nurture
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Psychological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.05 – 05.05
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

44. Social learning theory states that people
a. are born with aggressive tendencies.
b. hold aggressive mental scripts in their subconscious.
c. learn to be aggressive through their life experiences.
d. have chemical needs that require violence for stimulation.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Psychological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.05 – 05.05
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

45. Which of the following is not one of the three principal sources of behavior modeling?
a. Genetic predispositions
b. Family interactions
c. Environmental experiences
d. Mass media
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Psychological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.05 – 05.05
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

46. ________ theory is a psychological perspective that focuses on mental processes—how people perceive and mentally represent the world around them.
a. Neurophysiological
b. Cognitive
c. Biosocial
d. Evolutionary
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Psychological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.05 – 05.05
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

47. What do we know about psychopaths and crime?
a. Psychopaths comprise 65 percent of U.S. prison inmates.
b. Psychopaths tend to continue their criminal careers long after other offenders age out of crime.
c. Psychopaths are no more likely to reoffend within a year of release than other offenders.
d. Psychopaths who reoffend are more likely to reoffend in nonviolent ways.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Personality and Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.05 – 05.05
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

48. What research finding counters criminologists who claim that only low-IQ criminals get caught?
a. Adolescents with low IQs are more likely to commit crime.
b. There is little difference in the IQ scores of self-reported and official criminals.
c. Low IQs equally prevail in offenders receiving prison sentences or probation.
d. Violent criminals have high IQs.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Intelligence and Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.06 – 05.06
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

49. What is known about mental disorders and crime?
a. It is possible that the link between mental illness and crime is spurious and caused by some other factor.
b. Mentally ill offenders are more likely to have low recidivism rates than non-mentally-ill offenders.
c. Research suggests that people who suffer from mental illness seem to be less antisocial than members of the general population.
d. Male offenders seem to have more serious mental health disorders than do female offenders.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Mental Disorders and Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.06 – 05.06
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

50. The major premise of the evolutionary theory is that
a. as the human race evolved, traits and characteristics became ingrained, some of which make people aggressive and predisposed to commit crime.
b. the criminality of the parents can predict the delinquency of their children.
c. criminals and delinquents often suffer brain impairment.
d. crime is a function of diet and food allergies.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.03 – 05.03
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

51. The major premise of the biochemical theory is that
a. as the human race evolved, traits and characteristics became ingrained, some of which make people aggressive and predisposed to commit crime.
b. the criminality of the parents can predict the delinquency of their children.
c. criminals and delinquents often suffer brain impairment.
d. crime is a function of diet and food allergies.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.02 – 05.02
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

52. The major premise of the neurological theory is that
a. as the human race evolved, traits and characteristics became ingrained, some of which make people aggressive and predisposed to commit crime.
b. the criminality of the parents can predict the delinquency of their children.
c. criminals and delinquents often suffer brain impairment.
d. crime is a function of diet and food allergies.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.02 – 05.02
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

53. The major premise of the genetic theory is that
a. as the human race evolved, traits and characteristics became ingrained, some of which make people aggressive and predisposed to commit crime.
b. the criminality of the parents can predict the delinquency of their children.
c. criminals and delinquents often suffer brain impairment.
d. crime is a function of diet and food allergies.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.03 – 05.03
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

54. According to the evolutionary theory, over the history of the human species __________ males have had the greatest impact on the gene pool.
a. aggressive
b. intelligent
c. introverted
d. mentally ill
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.03 – 05.03
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

At the age of 15, Julie gave birth to twin sons. Julie was a high school dropout and did not have a job. She was not able to take proper care of the boys so she decided to give them up for adoption. Their father was convicted of armed robbery and rape. He signed over his custody rights to the state while serving a 30-year prison sentence.

55. Which biosocial theory would promote that research should be done to see if the boys will be delinquent like their father?
a. Biochemical
b. Neurological
c. Genetic
d. Evolutionary
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.03 – 05.03
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying

56. Which factor presented in the scenario would be the best indicator that the boys would engage in criminal behavior?
a. That their adopted mother is criminal
b. That their biological father is criminal
c. That their biological mother ends up committing crime after the boys are adopted
d. That their adopted parents are over 40 years old
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.03 – 05.03
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying

57. There are different types of twins. The boys are most likely __________ twins if it is determined that they are very close in such crime-relevant measures as level of aggression and verbal skills.
a. dizygotic
b. dualgotic
c. monozygotic
d. polygotic
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.03 – 05.03
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying

58. The boys end up being adopted by different families. Tom, the brother who lives in a large city, is diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Tests were done and it was discovered that the level of ______________ in his blood was twice the levels found in the general population. The doctors are convinced this is the cause of his disorder.
a. amino acids
b. glucose
c. mercury
d. neurotransmitters
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Contemporary Trait Theory
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.02 – 05.02
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying

59. After 20 years the boys are contacted by a researcher who is conducting a study on twins separated at birth and adopted by different families. John says that he finds it difficult to sustain relationships because he was not provided the support and care that he needed by his adopted mother as an infant. Which theory would best explain John’s predicament?
a. Attachment theory
b. Behavior theory
c. Information-processing theory
d. Nature theory
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Psychological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.04 – 05.04
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying

Since the age of two, Michael has had a history of acting out. As a child, Michael’s acting out consisted of disrespecting his parents. By the age of 12 he was skipping school and hanging out with older boys in the neighborhood. By the time he was 15 he started using drugs and alcohol.

60. Michael was consistently uncooperative with his parents. He was hostile to all authority figures, including teachers and police officers. He would frequently lose his temper and blame everyone else for his misbehavior. What mental disorder was most likely the appropriate diagnosis for Michael?
a. Bipolar disorder
b. Mood disorder
c. Oppositional disorder
d. Schizophrenia
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Mental Disorders and Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.06 – 05.06
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying

61. Michael is now 20 years old and a court-ordered psychologist has diagnosed Michael with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a type of _________ disorder.
a. depressive
b. personality
c. psychotic
d. mood
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Mental Disorders and Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.04 – 05.04
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

62. If Michael were to be diagnosed with bipolar disorder, what would be a likely symptom?
a. Hearing nonexistent voices
b. Seeing hallucinations
c. Exhibiting inappropriate responses
d. Alternating moods
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Mental Disorders and Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.04 – 05.04
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Analyzing

63. Michael’s family checks Michael into a three-month residential treatment center that treats individuals with mental health issues and drug addiction. The treatment Michael receives is considered a(n) _________________ program.
a. primary prevention
b. secondary prevention
c. adjudicatory prevention
d. alternative sentencing
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Social Policy and Trait Theory
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.06 – 05.06
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying

64. Michael was arrested and charged with possession of narcotics and aggravated battery. Michael was offered a plea deal of five years of probation with a condition that he must participate in drug treatment and psychological counseling. When attendance in these programs is a requirement of a probation order, they are considered _________________ programs.
a. primary prevention
b. secondary prevention
c. adjudicatory prevention
d. alternative sentencing
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Social Policy and Trait Theory
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.06 – 05.06
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying

65. Proponents of the _________ theory argued that intelligence is largely determined genetically and that low intelligence is linked to criminal behavior.
ANSWER: nature
REFERENCES: Intelligence and Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.06 – 05.06
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

66. Proponents of the _____________ theory argue that environmental stimulation from parents, relatives, and peer groups accounts for a child’s IQ level.
ANSWER: nurture
REFERENCES: Intelligence and Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.06 – 05.06
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

67. Children with _____________________________ experience an ongoing pattern of uncooperative and hostile behavior toward authority figures.
ANSWER: oppositional defiant disorder
REFERENCES: Mental Disorders and Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.06 – 05.06
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

68. _______ is a severe disorder marked by hearing nonexistent voices, seeing hallucinations, and exhibiting inappropriate responses.
ANSWER: Schizophrenia
REFERENCES: Mental Disorders and Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.06 – 05.06
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

69. Programs that seek to treat personal problems before they manifest themselves as crimes are referred to as ___________________.
ANSWER: primary prevention programs
REFERENCES: Social Policy and Trait Theory
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.06 – 05.06
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

70. ___________ twins are fraternal twins who only have half of their genes in common and thus share fewer commonalities when it comes to criminal behavior.
ANSWER: Dizygotic
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.03 – 05.03
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

71. According to psychodynamic theory, the _____ is the primitive part of people’s mental makeup and represents unconscious biological drives.
ANSWER: id
REFERENCES: Psychological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.04 – 05.04
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

72. The _____________ is the part of the personality that helps the individual keep his or her actions within the boundaries of social convention.
ANSWER: ego
REFERENCES: Psychological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.04 – 05.04
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

73. The ________________ is the reasonably stable patterns of behavior that distinguish one person from another.
ANSWER: personality
REFERENCES: Personality and Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.04 – 05.04
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

74. ______________ is the view that human behavior is motivated by inborn biological urges to survive and preserve the species.
ANSWER: Sociobiology
REFERENCES: Development of Trait Theory
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.01 – 05.01
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering

75. Discuss the basic assumptions of contemporary trait theorists. Explain why trait theorists have gained recent prominence.
ANSWER: Answer will vary.
REFERENCES: Contemporary Trait Theory
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.01 – 05.01
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding

76. Discuss the relationship between hormonal changes and mood and behavior.
ANSWER: Answers will vary.
REFERENCES: Contemporary Trait Theory
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.02 – 05.02
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding

77. Explain how chemical compounds called neurotransmitters are associated with aggression and other antisocial behaviors.
ANSWER: Answers will vary.
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.02 – 05.02
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding

78. Discuss what research indicates about parental deviance, twin behavior, and adoption studies.
ANSWER: Answers will vary.
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.03 – 05.03
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding

79. Explain the links between evolution, gender, and crime.
ANSWER: Answers will vary.
REFERENCES: Biological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.03 – 05.03
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding

80. Discuss attachment theory and how failure to develop proper attachment is associated with crime.
ANSWER: Answers will vary.
REFERENCES: Psychological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.04 – 05.04
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding

81. Identify and discuss the four factors that social learning theorists suggest contribute to violent or aggressive behavior.
ANSWER: Answers will vary.
REFERENCES: Psychological Trait Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.05 – 05.05
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding

82. How do cognitive theorists explain the relationship between information processing and antisocial behavior?
ANSWER: Answers will vary.
REFERENCES: Personality and Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.05 – 05.05
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding

83. Why is the association between IQ/intelligence and crime so controversial?
ANSWER: Answers will vary.
REFERENCES: Intelligence and Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.06 – 05.06
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding

84. Identify and discuss the mental disorders and diseases that are associated with crime. How persuasive is the association between mental disorders and crime, and why is this the case?
ANSWER: Answers will vary.
REFERENCES: Mental Disorders and Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRIM.SIEG.15.05.04 – 05.04
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding