Deviance And Social Control A Sociological Perspective 2nd Edition by Michelle L. -Test Bank

Deviance And Social Control A Sociological Perspective 2nd Edition by Michelle L. -Test Bank

 

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Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 5

Test Bank

 

Multiple Choice

 

1. Social disorganization theory is a macro-level theory, which means it focuses on:
2. a) the individual as inherently criminal.
3. b) the individual as susceptible to learning crime early on in childhood.
4. c) neighborhoods, schools, cities, states, etc. in regard to crime.
5. d) none of the above.

Ans: C

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Medium

 

2. The early works of social disorganization theory took place in which U.S. city?
3. a) Chicago
4. b) St. Louis
5. c) Los Angeles
6. d) New York City

Ans: A

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Easy

 

3. Social disorganization theories tend to focus on which of the following?
4. a) Rural residents
5. b) Juvenile delinquents
6. c) Adult career offenders
7. d) Deviant parents

Ans: B

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Medium

 

4. According to which theorist(s), social disorganization theory applied to juvenile delinquency and urban areas found that delinquency is not randomly distributed.
5. a) Sutherland and Cressey
6. b) Shaw and McKay
7. c) Cloward and Ohlin
8. d) Hirschi and Gottfredson

Ans: B

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Medium

 

5. In which of the following ways can social disorganization theories be used to study neighborhoods and communities?
6. a) Researching learning styles of children
7. b) Examining case studies of life course criminal records
8. c) Mapping and plotting home addresses of delinquents using zones
9. d) None of the above

Ans: C

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Medium

 

6. Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay were not concerned with which of the following when they plotted on maps the home addresses of juveniles?
7. a) Boys brought to court for an alleged delinquent activity.
8. b) Boys committed by the court to a correctional facility.
9. c) Boys dealt with by the police probation officers with or without court appearance.
10. d) Boys who have no previous interaction with the criminal justice and court system, however admitted to delinquent acts.

Ans: D

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Difficult

 

7. ___________________ clearly puts social disorganization as a macro-level control theory whereby residents of certain neighborhoods are able to control and minimize unwanted deviance, while residents in some neighborhoods, characterized by poverty, population turnover, and racial/ethnic heterogeneity, cannot control their environments and achieve common goals.
8. a) Clifford Shaw
9. b) Henry McKay
10. c) Ruth Kornhauser
11. d) Robert Agnew

Ans: A

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Medium

 

8. _________ efficacy is focused on parents’ ability to control their children’s behavior through parent–child attachment, rules, supervision, and also social support.
9. a) Collective
10. b) Parental
11. c) Sibling
12. d) Community

Ans: B

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Easy

 

9. _________________ programs are examples of policy implications consistent with social disorganization theories.
10. a) Eugenics
11. b) Neighborhood watch
12. c) Criminal justice
13. d) Corrections/rehabilitation

Ans: B

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Medium

 

10. In social disorganization research, ______________ variables typically come from the census and include measures for residential instability, concentrated disadvantage, and population age structure.
11. a) social
12. b) individual-level
13. c) structural
14. d) disorganization

Ans: C

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Difficult

 

True/False

 

1. The University of Chicago’s infamous department of sociology was comprised of economists, historians, and journalists at first.

Ans: TRUE

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Medium

 

2. Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay found that rates of delinquency do not appear to be clustered and are far from the central business districts.

Ans: FALSE

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Difficult

 

3. Social disorganization theories tend to focus on groups and places rather than individuals.

Ans: TRUE

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Easy

 

4. According to Ruth Kornhauser’s approach to social disorganization theory, neighborhoods characterized by poverty, population turnover, and racial/ethnic heterogeneity cannot control their environments and achieve common goals.

Ans: TRUE

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Medium

 

5. Social disorganization research fails to include self-report surveys.

Ans: FALSE

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Easy

 

6. Social disorganization theory and broken windows theory are focused on images of crime and disorder in the neighborhood.

Ans: TRUE

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Medium

 

7. Like Shaw & McKay, Kornhauser, and others who followed focused on the subculture found in socially disorganized neighborhoods, and paid little attention to the structural aspects of the theory.

Ans: FALSE

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Medium

 

8. Research testing social disorganization theory has found that crime and deviance in both metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas can be explained by this theory.

Ans: TRUE

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Difficult

 

9. Policies and programs related to broken windows theory generally focus on stopping

high-level criminal activity after it escalates.

Ans: FALSE

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Difficult

 

10. Collective efficacy serves an important mediating effect between structural factors associated with social disorganization and deviant behaviors such as violence.

Ans: TRUE

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Medium

 

Short Answer

 

1. Briefly outline and summarize Sampson and Groves’ model of social disorganization.

 

Ans:

Ethnic Heterogeneity  Sparse Networks

Residential Mobility à          Unsupervised Youth à          Crime and

Family Disruptions à Organizational Participation  Delinquency

Urbanization

 

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Medium

 

 

2. Crime rates in a major U.S. city appear to be located in particular neighborhoods closer to the city center. What are some important aspects a researcher would want to consider in choosing to examine the social disorder of neighborhoods and crime throughout the city? Explain why this is important to examine through social disorganization theory.

 

Ans:

Answers might include mention of any of the following (depending on focus in class)

• Examine poverty, population turnover, and racial/ethnic heterogeneity; density
• poverty
• mixed [land] use
• transience
• dilapidation
• family disruption, networks

 

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Medium

 

ESSAY

 

1. Wilson and Kelling (1982) published an essay titled “Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety” in the Atlantic Monthly that brought these issues back into the public limelight as well as to the attention of scholars interested in crime and deviance. Explain the basic premise of this article as it relates to the study of crime and deviance, as well as a brief statement of the policy implication for police.

 

Ans:

Basically, the authors argued that disorder leads to greater disorder; attracts and promotes more serious forms of deviance. The notion is simple to the young man living in an area characterized by graffiti and broken windows: why not break another window—it is fun and what is the harm? Signs of disorder lead to further disorder. This led to the policy implication that police (and other agents of social control) attack crime at its roots and target minor forms of social disorder deviance that seem to be critical causes of the escalation of crime and further deviance. In other words, focus on less serious forms of deviance, and you may deter more serious forms of crime. This includes, but is not limited to, minor misbehavior (e.g., prostitution, public rowdiness, or drunkenness) and signs of physical disorder (e.g., litter, graffiti, and broken windows) and their relationship to crime.

 

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Difficult