Deviance Conformity And Social Control in Canada 4th Edition By Tami M. Bereska - Test Bank

Deviance Conformity And Social Control in Canada 4th Edition By Tami M. Bereska – Test Bank

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

Chapter 5: “Deviant” and “Normal” Sexuality
1) Within the Sambian society. men were given the option of engaging in same-sex
activities in order to explore their sexuality fully before entering marriage.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: TF
Page Reference: 122-123
Skill: C
2) The sociological study of sexuality is dominated by positivist theoretical perspectives.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: TF
Page Reference: 121
Skill: F
3) In Athens (5th century B. C.), “deviant” and “normal” sexuality were defined on the
basis of the needs and desires of aristocratic men.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Diff: Easy
Type: TF
Page Reference: 123
Skill: F
4) A number of Aboriginal cultures traditionally recognized more than two “sexes” and
“genders”.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: TF
Page Reference: 123-124
Skill: F
5) Within the traditional belief system of some Aboriginal cultures, it was suggested that
from the beginning of time, it was meant that there should be people who are
homosexual.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: TF
Page Reference: 124
Skill: F
6) During the early years of European colonization in Canada, the Hudson’s Bay
Company encouraged sexual unions between European men and Aboriginal women.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: TF
Page Reference: 125
Skill: F
7) By the mid-19th century, laws prohibiting White/Aboriginal relationships began to be
repealed in many parts of Canada.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: TF
Page Reference: 125
Skill: F
8) During the Colonial era, sexually “deviant” men were more likely to be physically
punished (e.g. whipping), while sexually “deviant” women were more likely to be fined.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: TF
Page Reference: 127
Skill: F
9) During the Colonial era, women were more likely to be treated as sexual “deviants”
than men were.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: TF
Page Reference: 127
Skill: C
10) The social control of sexual deviance during the Colonial era was consistent across
genders, races, and classes.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Diff: Easy
Type: TF
Page Reference: 127-128
Skill: C
11) Throughout the 19th century, the culture industry both contributed to the growth of
the “sex industry” (e.g. pornography) and was a tool used to socially control sexual
deviance.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: TF
Page Reference: 129
Skill: C
12) The social purity movement directed its efforts primarily at the middle classes, while
the sex hygiene movement directed its efforts primarily at the lower classes.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: TF
Page Reference: 128-129
Skill: F
13) All male immigrants to Canada in the 19th century were seen as a threat to white
women.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: TF
Page Reference: 130
Skill: C
14) Although the role of the State in regulating sexual deviance declined in the early 19th
century, by the end of the century its role had increased once again, due to the efforts of
moral entrepreneurs.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: TF
Page Reference: 130
Skill: F
15) In the early 20th century, stereotyped beliefs about the sexuality of black men and
Chinese men were part of Emily Murphy’s rationale for trying to restrict immigration to
Canada.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: TF
Page Reference: 130
Skill: F
16) The “Viagra culture” in which we currently live defines and controls the sexuality of
both men and women.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: TF
Page Reference: 131
Skill: F
17) During the 1880s, Canadian law finally defined “sexual assault” as a crime even
within marriage.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Diff: Easy
Type: TF
Page Reference: 135
Skill: F
18) In some countries, homosexuality continues to be a crime punishable by death.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Diff: Easy
Type: TF
Page Reference: 138
Skill: F
19) As long as you and your partner are in agreement, the sexual acts that you engage in
are perceived by others as “normal”.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: TF
Page Reference: 140
Skill: C
20) Interviews with female exotic dancers reveal that those who enter the industry
because of financial desperation, and initially hate their jobs, eventually say that the
money makes it worth it.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: TF
Page Reference: 142-143
Skill: F
21) Among female exotic dancers, the boundaries of what they will and will not do with
customers become less flexible over time, as the dancers become disenchanted with the
industry.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Diff: Easy
Type: TF
Page Reference: 143
Skill: F
22) Interviews with female exotic dancers reveal that they use “counterfeit intimacy” to
create regular customers who keep coming back.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Diff: Easy
Type: TF
Page Reference: 144
Skill: C
23) In 2005, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that obscenity should be defined by
harm rather than by community standards.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: TF
Page Reference: 147
Skill: F
24) The Supreme Court of Canada has ruled that laws prohibiting the possession of
“obscene” materials are a violation of the freedom of expression, but that it is a
reasonable violation of such freedoms in a democratic society.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: TF
Page Reference: 134
Skill: C
25) One of the problems with research done on the effects of pornography is that the
results are often confounded with the moral/social agendas of the researchers/sponsors of
such research.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: TF
Page Reference: 135
Skill: F
26) Social processes have little influence over the definition of normal and deviant
sexuality.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Diff: Easy
Type: TF
Page Reference: 121
Skill: A
27) It is seen in various cultures that perceptions of deviance surrounding sexuality are
influenced by the cultural definitions of how many genders and sexes there are.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: TF
Page Reference: 124
Skill: C
28) There has been relatively little change in the definition of normal vs. deviant
sexuality in North America, despite the huge social changes that have happened.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: TF
Page Reference: 126
Skill: C
29) Up until the 1980’s, the Canadian federal government attempted to purge
homosexuals from the public service on the belief that they were psychologically more
vulnerable to communist influence.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Diff: Easy
Type: TF
Page Reference: 137
Skill: F
30) Research about Iranian immigrants’ understandings of Canadian sexuality, and their
perceptions of Canada’s “sexual permissiveness”, utilizes which theoretical approach?
a. conflict
b. positivist
c. postmodern
d. interpretive
e. structural Marxist
Answer: d
Diff: Easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 122
Skill: A
31) According to Foucault, although homosexual activities have always existed,
homosexual identities only became possible with the development and acceptance of
which concept?
a. gender
b. heterosexuality
c. the self
d. intimacy
e. freedom
Answer: c
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 122
Skill: C
32) Which of the following research topics reflects a critical theoretical perspective?
a. the manner in which elite discourses govern sexuality
b. the meaning of “the closet” to gays and lesbians
c. Iranian immigrants’ understandings and perceptions of Canadian sexuality
d. exotic dancers’ understandings of themselves and their jobs
e. the nature/nurture debate in relation to homosexuality
Answer: a
Diff: Easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 122
Skill: A
33) The sexual culture of ancient Athens (5th century B. C.) was based upon
a. religion.
b. power.
c. heterosexuality.
d. the marital relationship.
e. religion and the marital relationship.
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 123
Skill: C
34) Which of the following sexual activities was considered “deviant” in Athens in 5th
century B. C.?
a. aristocratic males engaged in sexual activities with their wives
b. aristocratic adult males engaged in anal intercourse with aristocratic adolescent males
c. aristocratic males engaged in sexual activities with slaves
d. aristocratic males engaged in sexual activities with “foreigners”
e. aristocratic males engaged in sexual activities with slaves or “foreigners”
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 123
Skill: F
35) European explorers used which of the following terms as a derogatory reference to
the biological males who assumed female roles in some Aboriginal cultures?
a. nadleeh
b. hwame
c. alyha
d. les femmes du pays
e. berdache
Answer: e
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 124
Skill: C
36) Which of the following statements describes perceptions of European/Aboriginal
relationships following the colonization of Canada?
a. such relationships were considered unacceptable during the early years of colonization,
but gradually became more accepted over time
b. Métis women were initially perceived as more “acceptable” as wives for white men,
but over time Aboriginal women came to be seen as more “acceptable” as wives
c. such relationships were considered acceptable during the early years of colonization,
but gradually came to be defined as unacceptable
d. such relationships were rare among early European settlers of Canada
e. such relationships were considered more acceptable following the development of
agriculture than they were during the fur trade
Answer: c
Diff: Challenging
Type: MC
Page Reference: 124-125
Skill: F
37) The dominant meaning of sexuality has changed in North America from the 17th
century to the 21st century. Which of the following lists consists of the correct
chronological order of these changes in meaning?
a. reproduction within marriage; personal fulfillment; intimacy within marriage
b. intimacy within marriage; personal fulfillment; reproduction within marriage
c. intimacy within marriage; reproduction within marriage; personal fulfillment
d. reproduction within marriage; intimacy within marriage; personal fulfillment
e. personal fulfillment; reproduction within marriage; intimacy within marriage
Answer: d
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 126
Skill: C
38) Which of the following characteristics was part of the sexual culture of the 17th
century in Canada?
a. the practice of black slavery was closely intertwined with the control of sexuality
b. the social purity movement emerged
c. the sex industry showed considerable growth
d. self-control was the dominant theme in scientific contributions to sexual culture
e. none of the above are characteristics of the sexual culture of the 17th century
Answer: a
Diff: Challenging
Type: MC
Page Reference: 126-127
Skill: C
39) In what ways was the sexuality of black people in Canada controlled within the
dominant sexual culture of the 17th and 18th centuries?
a. slave owners controlled which slaves were permitted to form intimate relationships
with whom
b. female slaves were valued for their reproductive capacities
c. certain male slaves were selected as “studs” to impregnate female slaves
d. laws prohibited free blacks from marrying outside their race
e. the sexuality of black people in Canada during this era was controlled in all of the ways
listed above
Answer: e
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 126-127
Skill: C
40) How was the social control of sexual deviance during the Colonial era (17th century)
embedded within social hierarchies?
a. men were more likely to be punished for sexual deviance than women were
b. women were more likely to be physically punished for sexual deviance, while men
were more likely to be given fines
c. greater scorn was directed at white men who had sexual relationships with black
women, than was directed at white women who had sexual relationships with black men
d. upper-class men were less likely to go to trial for rape than lower-class men were, but
upper-class men who did go to trial were usually given harsher sentences than lower-
class men were
e. upper-class men were more likely to go to trial for rape than lower-class men were, but
upper-class men who did go to trial were usually given more lenient sentences than
lower-class men were
Answer: b
Diff: Challenging
Type: MC
Page Reference: 126-127
Skill: C
41) During the late 18th century and early 19th century, what social changes occurred that
affected the dominant sexual culture of the time?
a. religious shifts transferred the responsibility for salvation from the individual to the
Church fathers
b. the doctrine of the “pursuit of happiness” was phased out of American, British, and
Canadian discourse
c. the number of economically-based arranged marriages increased
d. urbanization and the growth of wage labour contributed to more anonymous lives
distanced from extended family and community surveillance
e. all of the changes listed above combined to affect the dominant sexual culture of the
time
Answer: d
Diff: Challenging
Type: MC
Page Reference: 127-128
Skill: F
42) During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, whose roles in the social control of
deviance sexuality increased?
a. women; the culture industry; the State
b. the State; the Church; the community
c. the medical profession; women; social reformers
d. the medical profession; the State; the culture industry
e. the Church, the medical profession; social reformers
Answer: d
Diff: Challenging
Type: MC
Page Reference: 128-129
Skill: C
43) A man is told by the doctor to reduce the frequency of sexual activity in his marriage,
in order to avoid illness. What era is this man most likely living in?
a. the Colonial era
b. the ear of the early fur trade (i.e. 16th and 17th centuries)
c. the 19th century
d. the late 20th century
e. 5th century B. C. Athens
Answer: c
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 126-129
Skill: A
44) At which of the following social groups were the efforts of the social purity or sex
hygiene movements primarily directed?
a. fallen women
b. lower classes
c. Indian and Chinese immigrants
d. Prostitutes
e. women in shelters
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 129
Skill: C
45) According to D’Emilio and Freedman (1997), by the early 20th century the dominant
meaning of sexuality in North America was
a. reproduction within marriage.
b. intimacy within marriage.
c. personal fulfillment within marriage.
d. personal fulfillment, regardless of marriage.
e. economic exchange within marriage.
Answer: d
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 130
Skill: C
46) In date rape trials, which of the following criteria for determining “deviant” sexuality
is emphasized?
a. consent
b. nature of the sexual partner
c. nature of the sexual act
d. setting
e. frequency
Answer: a
Diff: Easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 133
Skill: A
47) What proportion of police-reported hate crimes in Canada is based upon sexual
orientation?
a. 3%
b. 10%
c. 25%
d. 48%
e. 72%
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 138
Skill: F
48) Which of the following accurately lists, in order, the top three motivations for police-
reported hate crimes in Canada?
a. (1) race/ethnicity; (2) religion; (3) sexual orientation
b. (1) religion; (2) race/ethnicity; (3) sexual orientation
c. (1) sexual orientation; (2) religion; (3) race/ethnicity
d. (1) sexual orientation; (2) race/ethnicity; (3) religion
e. (1) race/ethnicity; (2) sexual orientation; (3) religion
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 138
Skill: F
49) Sloan and Wahab (2004) identify four different types of exotic dancers. From which
type did they draw the following conclusion? “These were intelligent women who had
considered their own lives and their own realities.”
a. dancers
b. workers
c. survivors
d. non-conformists
e. they described all exotic dancers, regardless of type, in this way
Answer: e
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 142
Skill: C
50) Which of the following types of female exotic dancers (Sloan & Wahab, 2004) best
fits the victimization hypothesis?
a. escapists
b. workers
c. survivors
d. non-conformists
e. dancers
Answer: c
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 142
Skill: A
51) Which of the following statements about female exotic dancers is TRUE?
a. they are subjected to the power of their customers
b. they are subjected to the power of their employers
c. they exert power over their customers
d. they are subjected to the power of their customers and their employers
e. although they are subjected to the power of their customers and their employers, exotic
dancers also exert power over their customers
Answer: e
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 143-144
Skill: F
52) Which of the following criteria for determining “deviant” sexuality in contemporary
Canada is addressed within the “Viagra culture?”
a. setting
b. consent
c. frequency
d. nature of the partner
e. nature of the act
Answer: c
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 131
Skill: A
53) Which of the following statements is true?
a. because of the extreme misogyny in Sambian society, boys respond in an
overwhelmingly positive way to entering the all-male enclave
b. in ancient Athens (5th century B. C.), the overwhelming support for sexual
relationships between aristocratic men and adolescent males meant that formal social
controls for those relationships were absent in society
c. NAMBLA’s claims about sexuality have been so rejected in society, that the
organization has been forced to disband
d. the growth of the Internet has stimulated new questions about determining sexual
deviance
e. research about changing sexual cultures reveals all of the above statements to be true
Answer: d
Diff: Challenging
Type: MC
Page Reference: 149
Skill: F
54) According to which type of definition would it be possible for a children’s toy
catalogue to be considered “pornography”?
a. genre definitions
b. labelling definitions
c. functional definitions
d. legal definitions
e. both functional and genre definitions
Answer: c
Diff: Challenging
Type: MC
Page Reference: 147
Skill: A
55) Within which type of definition of “pornography” are community standards a central
issue?
a. genre definitions
b. labelling definitions
c. functional definitions
d. legal definitions
e. both labelling and legal definitions
Answer: e
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 147
Skill: C
56) Which of the following concepts serves as the foundation for the Supreme Court of
Canada’s decision that prohibiting “obscene material” is a reasonable violation of
freedom of expression?
a. statistical rarity
b. harm
c. normative violation
d. societal reaction
e. both rarity and harm
Answer: b
Diff: Challenging
Type: MC
Page Reference: 148
Skill: A
57) Which of the following concerns is consistently and conclusively supported by
scientific research?
a. the consumption of pornography causes men to sexually victimize women
b. pornography is harmful in that it has a negative impact on attitudes toward women in
society
c. pornography has a negative impact on the moral fibre of society
d. pornography interferes with the smooth-running of the social order
e. none of the above concerns is consistently and conclusively supported by scientific
research
Answer: e
Diff: Challenging
Type: MC
Page Reference: 148-149
Skill: F
58) The crime defined by the sexual touching of a body of someone under the age of 16 is
known as:
a. Sexual Assault
b. Sexual Interference
c. Invitation to Sexual Touching
d. Sexual Exploitation
e. Beastiality in the presence of a child
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 134
Skill: F
59) Which sexual act was decriminalized after Trudeau announced that “There’s no place
for the state in the bedrooms of the nation”?
a. Sex between minors
b. Homosexuality
c. Rape in marital relationship
d. Consenting sex between and adult over the age of 18 and a minor under the age of 18
but over the age of 14
e. Adulterous affairs
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 137
Skill: F
60) Through the continued efforts of the LGBT community, in 1996 sexual orientation
was added to which important Act?
a. Canada Labour Code
b. Income Tax Act
c. Human Rights Act
d. Family Rights
e. Canadian Health Act
Answer: c
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 138-139
Skill: A
61) Briefly describe what Foucault meant when he said that sexuality is governed by elite
discourses, drawing upon homosexuality as an example.
Answer:
Diff: Moderate
Type: ES
Page Reference: 122
Skill: C
62) Give two examples of how characteristics of a sexual culture may be intertwined with
hierarchies of gender, race, or class.
Answer:
Diff: Moderate
Type: ES
Page Reference: 122-131
Skill: A
63) Explain the ways that the following agents controlled sexual deviance during the 17th
century: (a) the family; (b) the community; and (c) the Christian Church.
Answer:
Diff: Moderate
Type: ES
Page Reference: 127-128
Skill: C/F
64) Explain how the construction of “normal” sexuality in ancient Athens (5th century B.
C.) was linked with power relations.
Answer:
Diff: Moderate
Type: ES
Page Reference: 136
Skill: C/F
65) Explain how the “Viagra culture” in which we currently live is connected to the
construction of masculinity and femininity.
Answer:
Diff: Moderate
Type: ES
Page Reference: 140
Skill: C
66) Describe the three different definitions of pornography addressed in the chapter, and
give an example that illustrates each of the definitions.
Answer:
Diff: Easy
Type: ES
Page Reference: 146-147
Skill: C
67) Describe the informal and formal ways that homosexuality continues to be
stigmatized in today’s Canadian society. Provide an example for each.
Answer:
Diff: Moderate
Type: ES
Page Reference: 137-138
Skill: A/C
68) Describe the main issues behind the debates regarding whether adolescents who text
or email nude photos of themselves should be charged with child pornography.
Answer:
Diff: Challenging
Type: ES
Page Reference: 148
Skill: C
69) Consider the concept of the “deviance dance”, that is debate, negotiation, and
resistance surrounding the social typing process. Based on the material contained in this
chapter, describe three different ways in which the “deviance dance” is evident in the
realm of sexuality, either past or present.
Answer:
Diff: Moderate
Type: ES
Page Reference: 121-152
Skill: A
70) Address the various ways that power is intertwined with the social typing of sexual
deviance, using examples.
Answer:
Diff: Moderate
Type: ES
Page Reference: 121-152
Skill: C/A
71) Contrast the ways that interpretive and critical theoretical perspectives approach the
study of sexuality, and provide examples of the types of research done from within each
perspective.
Answer:
Diff: Challenging
Type: ES
Page Reference: 121-122
Skill: C/A
72) Is exotic dancing a sexual act, and do the participants view themselves as victims?
Support your position using specific material from the textbook.
Answer:
Diff: Moderate
Type: ES
Page Reference: 142-146
Skill: C/A
73) Using the various definitions outlined in the textbook, create your own definition of
pornography. Include in your definition the concept of harmfulness and social control.
Answer:
Diff: Challenging
Type: ES
Page Reference: 146-147
Skill: C/A
74) Analyze and discuss the following statement from your textbook: “although each of
us
individually might perceive particular sexual acts as “kinky,” the ideology of privacy
limits contemporary social controls on sexual behaviours, particularly at a formal level”.
Do you agree or disagree with this statement. Please defend your position using theory.
Answer:
Diff: Challenging
Type: ES
Page Reference: 140
Skill: C