Drugs Crime And Justice Ist Edition By Steven Belenko Cassia-Spohn - Test Bank

Drugs Crime And Justice Ist Edition By Steven Belenko Cassia-Spohn – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

While the earliest attacks on alcohol consumption targeted beverages other than beer and wine, by the middle of the 1800s those in the temperance movement called for  total abstinence from alcohol.

*a.true

b.false

(91:A)

 

Despite the passage of Prohibition, disregard for the law was widespread and saw the rise of  bootlegging and home brewing.

*a.true

b.false

(92:C)

 

The “good faith” provision of the Harrison Tax Act of 1914 was ambiguously written and led to interpretation issues that had to be settled by the Supreme Court.

*a.true

b.false

(95:A)

 

The American Medical Association was a staunch supporter and proponent of the Harrison Tax Act and aided in getting this legislation passed.

a.true

*b.false

(99:C)

 

The Boggs Act eliminated mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenses and allowed federal judges to suspend sentencing and impose probation on an offender with a prior drug offense.

a.true

*b.false

(100:C)

 

The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 replaced all prior federal laws regulating illegal drugs including the Harrison Tax Act of 1914 and the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937.

*a.true

b.false

(101:K)

 

Ronald Reagan’s administration was characterized by its laissez-faire approach to drug law enforcement.

a.true

*b.false

(102:A)

 

Only liberal sentencing reformers argued that the indeterminate sentencing process often violated a defendant’s rights to due process and equal protection because of its arbitrary  nature.

a.true

*b.false

(104:C)

 

The 1988 Anti-Drug Abuse Act prescribed the death penalty for drug traffickers or any person who caused another’s death while committing a drug felony.

*a.true

b.false

(107:K)

 

Prosecutors are unable to bypass mandatory minimum sentencing, as they cannot manipulate charges against an offender.

a.true

*b.false

(111:C)

 

Even though the Prohibition movement slowed down during the Civil War, by the mid-1800s, ____________ of the U.S. population lived in states that prohibited the sale of alcohol.

a.half

*b.a third

c.a quarter

d.a tenth

(91:K)

 

Prior to 1906 most states had a _____________ attitude toward mind-altering drugs resulting in users not being aware that patent medicines could cause  dependence.

a.vigilant

*b.laissez-faire

c.conscientious

d.strict

(93:K)

 

Illinois was the first state to regulate ___________ making it illegal to sell or give it away without a prescription.

*a.cocaine

b.opium

c.marijuana

d.heroin

(94:C)

 

The _________ Tax Act of 1914 was the first national legislation to regulate the use of psychoactive drugs.

a.Boggs

*b.Harrison

c.Marijuana

d.Wilson

(95:K)

 

The 1956 Narcotic Control Act established a five-year mandatory sentence on first time offenders and an option for __________ if the offender was over the age of 18 and sold heroin to a person under 18.

a.life in prison

b.a 25year sentence

c.a 50-year sentence

*d.the death penalty

(100:A)

 

Although Nixon increased the federal budget’s money for the war on drugs, he allocated ________ of the money for prevention and treatment programs.

*a.two-thirds

b.one-half

c.one-third

d.one-fourth

(102:C)

 

Today, America’s sentencing policies are _____________.

a.simplistic

b.pre-determined

*c.complex

d.homogeneous

(105:C)

 

Sentencing for drug offenses in the U.S. has been dominated by ___________ since the mid 1970s.

*a.presumptive sentencing guidelines

b.variable sentencing guidelines

c.determinate sentencing

d.indeterminate sentencing

(105:K)

 

In 1984 the Sentencing Reform Act created the ______________ authorizing it to develop the federal sentencing guidelines.

a.Federal Sentencing Commission

*b.U.S. Sentencing Commission

c.Comprehensive Commission on Sentencing

d.Federal Guideline Sentencing Commission

(106:C)

 

The first war on drugs in the United States targeted:

a.opium

*b.alcohol

c.marijuana

d.cocaine

(90:C)

 

In the late 18th century, he was a professor of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and also one of the earliest critics of alcohol consumption:

*a.Benjamin Rush

b.Lyman Beecher

c.Upton Sinclair

d.Edward Huntington Williams

(90:K)

 

In Benjamin Rush’s 1784 pamphlet, An Inquiry into the Effects of Ardent Spirits on the Human Mind and Body, “ardent spirits” refers to:

a.beer

b.wine

*c.distilled alcoholic beverages

1. any beverage containing alcohol

(90:A)

 

Because Dr. Rush believed that uncontrolled consumption of alcohol led to immorality and criminal behavior, he enlisted the help of these people to use their influence to disseminate his ideas about alcohol’s negative effects.

a.politicians

*b.religious ministers

c.wives/mothers

d.lawyers

(91:K)

 

In 1828, this Presbyterian minister published Six Sermons on the Nature, Occasions, Signs, Evils, and Remedy of Intemperance:

a.Benjamin Rush

b.Jonathan Edwards

*c.Lyman Beecher

d.Upton Sinclair

(91:C)

 

This organization, aligned with the Prohibition movement, was founded in 1874:

a.Anti-Saloon League

b.Federal Bureau of Narcotics

c.American Medical Association

*d.Women’s Christian Temperance Union

(91:K)

 

The Anti-Saloon League was founded in:

*a.1893

b.1900

c.1874

d.1919

(91:K)

 

This legislation, passed in 1919, prohibited the distribution of beverages containing more than 0.5% alcohol:

a.Harrison Act

b.Boggs Act

*c.Volstead Act

d.Controlled Substances Act

(91:C)

 

The 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution instituting Prohibition was ratified in:

a.1919

*b.1920

c.1922

d.1933

(92:C)

 

The 21st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution repealing Prohibition was ratified in:

a.1919

b.1920

c.1922

*d.1933

(92:C)

 

Some argue that the Volstead Act was integral to the establishment in America of:

a.stricter drug laws

b.street drugs

*c.organized crime

d.the criminal justice system

(92:A)

 

This drug, a derivative of morphine, was developed in Germany by the Bayer Corporation to relieve coughing and other respiratory ailments:

*a.heroin

b.cocaine

c.opium

d.crack

(93:C)

 

This famous psychologist used and recommended cocaine to his patients for its energizing and stimulating effects:

a.Skinner

b.Jung

c.Pavlov

*d.Freud

(93:C)

 

In 1875, this city enacted one of the nation’s first anti-drug laws in response to the growing concerns aboutChinese railroad workers who smoked opium:

a.Seattle

b.Los Angeles

*c.San Francisco

d.New York

(93:K)

 

This was the first state to pass a law banning opium smoking in 1885:

a.California

b.New York

c.Texas

*d.Ohio

(94:C)

 

 

Although this novel, by Upton Sinclair, brought attention to the horrors of the meat packing industry, it resulted in Congress passing the Pure Food and Drug Act requiring manufacturers to list the ingredients of all patent medicines:

a.The Forest

*b.The Jungle

c.The Great Gatsby

d.The Desert

(94:A)

 

His novel The Jungle led to the passing of the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906 and required manufacturers to list ingredients of all patent medicines:

a.F.Scott Fitzgerald

b.Sinclair Lewis

*c.Upton Sinclair

d.Mark Twain

(94:C)

 

The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 led to the creation of the:

a.Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

b.Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)

c.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

*d.Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

(94:C)

 

This drug was not among those prohibited in the Harrison Tax Act:

a.opium

b.cocaine

*c.marijuana

d.heroin

(98:K)

 

He was the first commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics:

a.Lyman Beecher

b.Benjamin Rush

c.Hale Boggs

*d.Harry J. Anslinger

(98:K)

 

The Uniform Narcotic Act allowed states to treat this drug as a narcotic thereby subjecting it to the same regulations as all narcotics:

*a.marijuana

b.cocaine

c.heroin

d.peyote

(99:A)

 

Passed in 1951, this Act addressed concerns with the post-WWII resurgence of drug trafficking and drug addiction:

a.Marijuana Tax Act

b.Uniform Narcotic Act

*c.Boggs Act

d.Harrison Act

(99:C)

 

Early on in President Nixon’s administration, Congress passed the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act which is more commonly known as the:

a.Boggs Act

*b.Controlled Substances Act

c.Harrison Act

d.Uniform Narcotic Act

(101:C)

 

This federal agency conducts drug research and education:

a.Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

b.Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)

*c.National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

d.Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

(101:A)

 

This President was  more committed to rehabilitation and treatment than to drug law enforcement:

a.Gerald Ford

*b.Richard Nixon

c.George H. W. Bush

d.Ronald Reagan

(101:A)

 

The appearance of this illegal substance during the Reagan years contributed to the moral panic over drug use:

a.Ketamine

b.PCP

c.crystal meth

*d.crack

(102:K)

 

This First Lady entered the anti-drug scene with her “Just Say No” campaign:

a.Pat Nixon

b.Laura Bush

*c.Nancy Reagan

d.Michele Obama

(103:K)

 

A parole board determining the release date of a convicted offender after a judge imposes a minimum and maximum sentence is an example of:

*a.indeterminate sentencing

b.mandatory sentencing

c.presumptive sentencing

d.determinate sentencing

(104:A)

 

All sentencing guidelines are based primarily on the following two factors:

a.severity of offense and prior prison time

b.offender’s prior criminal record and age

c.age at time of offense and offender’s prior drug use

*d.severity of offense and offender’s prior criminal record

(105:A)

 

The two following states have a list factors that should not influence a presumptive sentence: (select two)

a.New York

*b.Minnesota

*c.North Carolina

d.California

(105:C)

 

From 1978-1998, a person in this state convicted of attempting to deliver, or delivering 650 grams of cocaine or heroin required a life sentence without the possibility of parole:

a.New York

b.California

*c.Michigan

d.Ohio

(107:A)

 

Interdiction efforts in the war on drugs refers to:

a.increasing the drug supplies entering the U.S. in order to expose traffickers

b.bypassing state laws to make drug arrests

c.appealing to foreign heads of state to join the war on drugs

*d.reducing the supply of drugs entering the U.S.

(113:K)

 

These two programs, operating under the U.S. State Department, target source-country drug cultivation in an effort to curb the supply of drugs entering the U.S.:

a.Andean Counterdrug Initiative (ACI) & Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)

b.Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) & International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement (INCLE)

*c.International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement (INCLE) & Andean Counterdrug Initiative (ACI)

d.Food and Drug Administration (FDA) & Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)

(113:C)

 

The Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force (OCDETF) was established in 1982 to undertake all of the following except:

a.identifying national and international drug trafficking organizations

b.coordinating investigation efforts into money laundering

*c.research on drug use in foreign markets

d.targeting infrastructures of drug trafficking businesses

(114:C)

 

The federal budget for interdiction in 2013 was:

a.$2 billion

*b.$3.7 billion

c.$5 million

d.$11.5 million

(114:K)

 

Assess and compare the different approaches to illegal drug use under Barack Obama and George H. W. Bush. Which approach do you believe is more effective and why?(89-90)

Answers will vary on which approach is found more effective, but responses should include a distinction between Obama who favors prevention and treatment and Bush who favors a zero tolerance, more punitive approach to the illegal drug issue.

 

What was the significance of the Harrison Tax Act of 1914 and what were the implications of its “good faith” clause? (95-96)

Answers should mention it was the first piece of national legislation regulating the use of psychoactive drugs, and that the ambiguous “good faith” clause resulted in interpretation issues that went to the Supreme Court for clarification. One or two court cases should be included.

 

Describe the reasons behind the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 and how it is related to the Uniform Narcotic Drug Act. (98-99)

Answers should mention that this was the first federal law regulating marijuana use. Also, that marijuana’s reputation for being a drug of choice among Mexican immigrants and jazz musicians gave it a negative association.  The Uniform Narcotic Act allowed states to treat marijuana as a narcotic.