Entrepreneurship Theory Process and Practice 9th Edition by Donald F. Kuratko - Test Bank

Entrepreneurship Theory Process and Practice 9th Edition by Donald F. Kuratko – Test Bank

 

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CHAPTER 5: INNOVATION: THE CREATIVE PURSUIT OF IDEAS

 

TRUE/FALSE

 

1. Peter Drucker has stated that successful innovators must look, ask, and listen.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

2. Innovation is the process by which entrepreneurs convert opportunities into marketable ideas.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

3. The innovation process involves only the development of a good idea.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

4. The four basic types of innovation are invention, extension, duplication, and synthesis.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

5. Entrepreneurs are always looking for unique opportunities to fill needs or wants.

 

ANS:  T

The Role of Creativity

 

PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

6. The cognitive ability of entrepreneurs to acquire and transform information has yet to be studied.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

7. Creativity, in the entrepreneurial context, is the generation of ideas that result in the improved efficiency or effectiveness of a system.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

8. Creativity cannot be developed or improved.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

9. Structured and focused chaos is necessary for creativity to occur.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

10. Truly creative people are always geniuses.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

11. Successful creations do not require investigation and information gathering.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

12. Many inventions and innovations are a result of inventors seeing new and different relationships among objects, processes, materials, technologies, and people.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

13. The innovation process allows creative people to subconsciously mull over the information they have gathered.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

14. Creative people always exhibit a strong need for group approval.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

15. The four phases of the creative process are knowledge accumulation, incubation, idea experience, and evaluation.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

16. Researchers uniformly agree that the easiest step in the creative endeavor is the implementation and evaluation phase.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

17. The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for logical and analytical skills.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

18. The creative climate rejects the ambiguity common in work and life.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

19. Background or knowledge accumulation is the second phase of the creative process.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

20. Incubation in the creative process often occurs when the individual is doing something completely unrelated to the subject.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

21. The idea experience phase of the creative process is often the least interesting part of the process.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

22. Only new patterns of thinking lead to new ideas and innovation.

 

ANS:  T

The Innovation Process

 

PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

23. Innovation is planned and predictable.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

24. Most innovations result from a conscious and purposeful search for new opportunities.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

25. Most successful innovations are complex and focused.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

26. Incongruities are gaps or differences between expectations and reality.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

27. Innovators must always search for new ideas, opportunities, or sources of innovation.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

28. Extension is the combination of existing concepts and factors into a new formulation.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

29. Synthesis is the combining of two existing concepts into a new formulation.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

30. In innovation through duplication, a product is simply copied.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

31. The principles of innovation are largely focused on profit maximization.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

32. Innovation should follow a milestone schedule.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

33. It is really genius and not hard work that creates success for the entrepreneur.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

34. Innovative activity should be rewarded.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

35. One of the most helpful avenues for developing one’s own creative talents is to be aware of the habits and mental blocks that stifle creativity.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Which of the following questions concerning innovation is not relevant?

a.	“What is the problem?”
b.	“Whom does it affect?”
c.	“What costs are involved?”
d.	“When should the product goes to market?”

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

2. Which of the following statements is true?

a.	Innovation is the specific function of entrepreneurship.
b.	Innovation is the process by which entrepreneurs consume marketable ideas.
c.	Innovation does not involve change.
d.	Innovation is the government’s responsibility.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

3. Which of the following are keys to understanding opportunity and its development for entrepreneurs?

a.	creativity and capital
b.	innovation and creativity
c.	background and knowledge
d.	incubation and experience

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

4. Entrepreneurs sense potential in business problems by asking

a.	who is to blame for failures?
b.	what about profits?
c.	what if and why not?
d.	farfetched, unimaginative questions

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

5. The two most important aspects of creativity are

a.	design and solution.
b.	intelligence and technical competence.
c.	process and people.
d.	capital and opportunity.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

6. Which of the following statements is true?

a.	People are born with creativity and can do nothing to change their level of creativity.
b.	People can learn to be creative.
c.	Creativity has nothing to do with learning.
d.	The creative mind cannot be developed.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

7. One way to develop a creative mind is to

a.	read a variety of textbooks on entrepreneurship.
b.	be lucky enough to have musical parents.
c.	observe other entrepreneurs.
d.	pretend you are already creative.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

8. The incubation process involves which of the following?

a.	working harder
b.	letting the subconscious work
c.	talking with friends
d.	changing jobs

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

9. Which of the following statements is true?

a.	The right brain helps people analyze and verbalize.
b.	The right brain helps people understand analogies and imagine things.
c.	The left brain helps people understand analogies and imagine things.
d.	Right and left brain concepts are meaningless.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

10. Which of the following can help speed up the idea process?

a.	working harder
b.	seeing new movies
c.	taking breaks while working
d.	intuition

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

11. Which of the following can help entrepreneurs carry out the evaluation and implementation stage?

a.	increasing energy level
b.	hide your ideas from knowledgeable people
c.	avoid advice from others
d.	ignore hunches and feelings

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

12. A person can develop their own creativity by

a.	quitting a boring job.
b.	focusing on making money.
c.	taking up a new hobby.
d.	seeing new and different relationships in people, objects, and places around them.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

13. Which of the following is a characteristic of creative people?

a.	bright but not necessarily brilliant
b.	poor image of themselves
c.	rigid and dogmatic
d.	unmotivated by challenging problems

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

14. Which of the following statements is true?

a.	The right brain is more important in the creative process than the left brain.
b.	The left brain is more important in the creative process than the right brain.
c.	Both sides of the brain are important to the creative process.
d.	Motivation, not the brain is the key to the creative process.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

15. Which of the following mental habits inhibit creativity and innovation?

a.	either/or thinking, stereotyping
b.	functional perspective, mind-sets
c.	security hunting, risks
d.	stereotyping, incubation

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

16. Security hunting means

a.	using probability and stereotypes to minimize risk
b.	finding a permanent source of venture capital
c.	sticking firmly to decisions
d.	installing a security system

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

17. Which of the following statements is not true?

a.	Creative ideas never come out of the blue.
b.	Ideas often emerge during activities unrelated to the enterprise.
c.	Answers usually come to an individual incrementally.
d.	Creative individuals allow their subconscious to mull over information.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

18. Which of the following is not one of the phases in the creative process?

a.	background or knowledge accumulation
b.	evaluation and implementation
c.	the incubation process
d.	preliminary investigation

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

19. In the incubation process, ways of getting away from a problem include

a.	working harder
b.	working on something else.
c.	going to parties.
d.	visiting the library.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

20. Successful entrepreneurs are able to identify and implement

a.	those ideas that are workable and that they have the skills to implement.
b.	those ideas that will make money.
c.	those ideas that are least feasible.
d.	those ideas that will win instant approval from customers.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

21. Security hunting is

a.	looking for a safe place to sleep.
b.	trying to make the right decision or take the correct action.
c.	taking no action that involves risk.
d.	adding a firewall to your computer system.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

22. Creativity is most likely to occur when the “climate” is right.  What is a characteristic of that climate in the workplace?

a.	willingness to avoid change
b.	employees with similar work habits
c.	trustful management that does not exert strict control over employees
d.	strict management rules

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

23. Relying on abstractions can

a.	limit one’s perception of reality.
b.	do nothing detrimental.
c.	help in making correct choices.
d.	add a mathematical element to an idea.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

24. Logical and analytical skills are developed in the

a.	left hemisphere of the brain.
b.	right hemisphere of the brain.
c.	central hemisphere of the brain.
d.	anterior hemisphere of the brain.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

25. Looking for different or unorthodox relationships among elements and people is one way to develop creativity. How might a person develop this capacity?

a.	by perceiving in a relational mode
b.	by perceiving in a restraining mode
c.	by perceiving in a restructured mode
d.	by perceiving in a retinal mode

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

26. Which of the following terms would not be associated with the right hemisphere of the brain?

a.	synthesizing
b.	linear
c.	spatial
d.	intuitive

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

27. Which of the following terms would be associated with the left hemisphere of the brain?

a.	nonrational
b.	nonverbal
c.	abstract
d.	imagining

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

28. All of the following are characteristics of a creative climate except

a.	a large variety of personality types.
b.	an enjoyment in experimenting with new ideas.
c.	restricted communication with outsiders.
d.	a willingness to accept change.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

29. The four phases in the creative process in order are

a.	background or knowledge accumulation, incubation, idea experience, and evaluation and implementation.
b.	idea experience, background or knowledge accumulation, incubation, and evaluation and implementation.
c.	incubation, background or knowledge accumulation, idea experience, and evaluation and implementation.
d.	evaluation and implementation, idea experience, incubation, and background or knowledge accumulation.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

30. Which of the following statements is true with regards to creativity?

a.	People’s approach will remain the same, but their process will change.
b.	People’s process will remain the same, but their approach will change.
c.	People’s approach and process will both remain the same.
d.	People’s approach and process will both change.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

31. People practice the creative search for background knowledge in which of the following ways:

a.	join professional groups and organizations
b.	attend seminars or professional meetings
c.	a and b
d.	socializing at parties

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

32. The idea experience phase of creativity is also referred to as

a.	the eureka factor
b.	the big bang theory
c.	the wow theory
d.	the light bulb going on

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

33. Which of the following is not an example of recognizing relationships in creativity?

a.	adding fruit juice to soft drinks to make Slice
b.	Introducing Sierra Mist to the market to compete with Sprite
c.	combining combustion engine technology with the wheel to create the automobile
d.	using a 330 pound defensive football player as a running back and wide receiver

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

34. Which of the following statements is true?

a.	Successful innovations are clear and focused.
b.	Successful innovations are directed toward unclear applications.
c.	Most successful innovations are detailed and ambiguous.
d.	Successful innovations are profit motivated.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

35. What are the four types of innovation?

a.	invention, extension, synthesis, duplication
b.	extension, retention, analysis, duplication
c.	synthesis, extension, retention, analysis
d.	analysis, synthesis, duplication, retention

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

36. Which of the following statements is true?

a.	A good innovator should be a genius.
b.	Innovators rarely work in more than one field.
c.	Innovators are poor workers.
d.	A good innovator uses only the left side of the brain.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

37. Which of the following are sources of innovation?

a.	unexpected occurrences and incongruities
b.	duplication and processes
c.	synthesis and technology
d.	industry changes and extension

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

38. Which of the following are causes of industry and market changes?

a.	process needs
b.	advancements in technology
c.	unexpected occurrences
d.	natural disasters

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

39. In terms of opportunity trends, what is cocooning?

a.	the desire to have process needs met
b.	the desire to avoid natural disasters
c.	the desire to shelter oneself from harsh realities
d.	the desire to replace actual experiences with virtual experiences

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

40. Most innovations result from

a.	the total genius of inventors.
b.	a conscious and purposeful search for new opportunities.
c.	lucky guesses.
d.	the subconscious adaptation to reality.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

41. The combination of existing concepts and factors into a new formulation would define which of the following terms?

a.	synthesis
b.	extension
c.	invention
d.	analysis

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

42. Ray Kroc’s development of McDonald’s would be a good illustration of which form of innovation?

a.	invention
b.	extension
c.	duplication
d.	synthesis

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

43. A potential entrepreneur needs to realize that

a.	there are no principles of innovation.
b.	principles of innovation can be learned.
c.	monetary gain is the principal motivator in all innovation.
d.	profitability is the ultimate key to success.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

44. It takes _____ to innovate successfully.

a.	work, not rest,
b.	rest, not work,
c.	work, not genius,
d.	genius, not work,

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

45. Most successful innovations are

a.	simple and focused.
b.	complex and focused.
c.	focused and extensive.
d.	complex and extensive.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

46. Which of the following is not a type of innovation?

a.	invention
b.	duplication
c.	adaptation
d.	synthesis

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

47. A gap or difference between expectations and reality defines

a.	process needs.
b.	incongruities.
c.	demographic changes.
d.	changes in perception.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

48. Process needs

a.	exist when and entrepreneur can meet a new source of demand.
b.	exist to satisfy government regulations.
c.	exist when a venture capitalist provides money only for a project filling its needs.
d.	exist when the economy suffers a downturn.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

49. The phase of the creative process when the idea or solution the individual is seeking is discovered is the

a.	background or knowledge accumulation.
b.	incubation process.
c.	idea experience.
d.	evaluation and implementation.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

50. Shifts in consumer tastes and attitudes are an example of

a.	a infeasible opportunity.
b.	industry and market changes.
c.	the fickle consumer.
d.	problems for the entrepreneur.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

51. Overnight package delivery is illustrative of which source of innovation?

a.	incongruities
b.	unexpected occurrences
c.	process needs
d.	change in perception

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

52. Retirement centers for older people reflect which source of innovation?

a.	industry changes
b.	demographic changes
c.	perception changes
d.	unexpected occurrences

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

53. Which of the following is considered a myth of innovation?

a.	Creativity relies on blue sky ideas.
b.	Small projects develop into successful innovations.
c.	Innovations are unpredictable.
d.	Creativity can be learned.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

54. Which of the following is not considered a principle of innovation?

a.	Be action oriented.
b.	Start small.
c.	Invest in securities.
d.	Reward heroic activity.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

55. People with muddling mind-sets exhibit all of the following habits except

a.	either/or thinking
b.	stereotyping
c.	process thinking
d.	security hunting

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

SHORT ANSWER

 

1. List and briefly explain each of the phases in the creative process.

 

ANS:

 

The first phase is known as background or knowledge accumulation.  This is the process of reading, conversations with others working in the field, and general absorption of information relative to the problem or issue under study.  The second phase is the incubation process.  This involves the subconscious, which processes information gathered previously.  The third phase is idea experience.  This is when the idea being sought is discovered.  Sometimes the idea comes while performing unrelated tasks.  The final phase is known as evaluation and implementation.  This phase requires courage, self-discipline, and perseverance.  Ideas are often reworked to obtain a final form.  Most importantly, the entrepreneur doesn’t give up.

 

PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

2. Creative talents can be improved through practice and awareness of habits that can cause problems.  However, there are ways to increase creativity; one area is to recognize relationships.  Explain what is meant by this.

 

ANS:

 

Many inventions and innovations are a result of the inventor seeing new and different relationships between objects, processes, materials, technologies, and people.

 

PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

3. Creativity is most likely to occur when the “climate” is right.  The text listed several important characteristics of this climate.  What is the right climate?

 

ANS:

 

It is a climate where communication flows between a variety of people and fear of management is rare or nonexistent.  This environment displays a willingness to change and rewards innovation.

 

PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

4. Describe the innovation process.

 

ANS:

 

The process begins with a conscious, purposeful search for new opportunities, followed by an analysis of the sources of new opportunities.

 

PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy

 

5. Identity and describe two arenas of creativity, as proposed by researcher William Miller.

 

ANS:

 

Student answers will vary, depending on which arenas chosen; but any of the following can be mentioned:

 

Idea creativity: thinking up a new idea or concept, such as an idea for a new product or service or a way to solve a problem.

Material creativity: inventing and building a tangible object such as a product, an advertisement, a report, or a photograph.

Organization creativity: organizing people or projects and coming up with a new organizational form or approach to structuring things. Examples could include organizing a project, starting a new type of venture, putting together or reorganizing a work group, and changing the policies and rules of a group.

Relationship creativity: an innovative approach to achieving collaboration, cooperation, and win-win relationships with others. The person who handles a difficult situation well or deals with a particular person in an especially effective manner is being creative in a relationship or one-on-one context.

Event creativity: producing an event such as an awards ceremony, team outing, or annual meeting. The creativity here also encompasses decor, ways in which people are involved, sequence of happenings, setting, and so forth.

Inner creativity: changing one’s inner self; being open to new approaches to how one does things; achieving a change of heart.

Spontaneous creativity: acting in a spontaneous or spur-of-the-moment manner, such as coming up with a witty response in a meeting, an off-the-cuff speech, a quick and simple way to settle a dispute, or an innovative appeal when trying to close a sale.

 

PTS:   1                    NAT:  AACSB Reflective Thinking | Strategy