Foundations of Astronomy, Enhanced 13th Edition by Michael A. Seeds - Test Bank Instant Download - Complete Test Bank With Answers Sample Questions Are Posted Below True / False 1. Newton’s first law of motion is essentially a restatement of Galileo’s law of inertia. a. True b. False …
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Foundations of Astronomy, Enhanced 13th Edition by Michael A. Seeds – Test Bank
Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
| True / False |
1. Newton’s first law of motion is essentially a restatement of Galileo’s law of inertia.
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2. Aristotle believed that objects falling to the ground fall at a constant rate of speed.
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3. Galileo believed that motion stops in the absence of a force.
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4. Newtonian gravity is often called universal mutual gravitation because every particle with mass in the Universe must attract every other particle.
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5. Changing the direction of a moving body does not impact its velocity.
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6. The escape velocity at a given distance from a planet is less than the circular velocity of an orbit around that planet at the same distance.
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7. The Moon pulls more strongly on Earth’s near and far side than on its center.
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8. The apparent positions of stars around the sun during an eclipse have been used to prove the general theory of relativity.
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9. The neap tides occur at the new moon and full moon.
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10. Spring tides occur during the new and full lunar phases.
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11. Two objects in orbit around each other orbit their common center of mass.
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12. Newton’s third law states that forces occur in pairs acting in the same direction.
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13. If an object’s velocity equals or exceeds the escape velocity, it will follow a closed parabolic or hyperbolic orbit.
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14. The second postulate of special relativity states that the speed of light, when measured in a vacuum, is constant for all observers.
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15. Special relativity states the relationship between energy and mass as .
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| Multiple Choice |
16. According to Aristotle, an object with no forces acting on it will ____.
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17. In contradiction to the teachings of Aristotle, Galileo found that an object with no forces (and no friction) acting on it will ____.
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18. According to Galileo, the acceleration of a freely falling object due to gravity is ____.
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19. According to Aristotle, which scenario illustrates violent motion?
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20. Galileo determined that ____.
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21. Mutual gravitation is ____.
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22. Newton concluded that some force must act on the Moon because ____.
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23. When two objects of unequal mass orbit each other, the center of mass is ____.
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24. The ____ of an object is a measure of the amount of matter it contains. The ____ is a measure of the gravitational force on an object.
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25. Gravity obeys the inverse square law, which implies that the gravitational force of one body on another will be ____ times stronger at two meters than at six meters apart.
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26. Perigee is the point in ____.
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27. A comet near the Sun whose orbit is ____ would never be near the Sun again.
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28. Newtonian physics tells us that Kepler’s second law is a result of the conservation of ____.
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29. A(n) ____ orbit is one where the orbiting object is always above the same location on Earth’s surface.
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30. Spring tides occur ____.
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31. The circular velocity of a satellite orbiting Earth is given by . In this equation, M represents the ____.
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32. The apogee of a(n) ____ orbit does not exist.
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33. The radius of Earth is 6,378 km. The force of gravity on a 1 kg ball at Earth’s surface is 9.8 kg m/s2. What is the force of gravity on this same ball when the ball is located 12,756 km from Earth’s center? Hint: G = 6.67 10-11 m3/s2/kg
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| 34. If the orbital velocity of the Moon is 1.0 km/s, what is the orbital velocity of a satellite that is 1/16th as far from Earth as the Moon?
Hints: There is a long way and a short way to do this calculation. ; G = 6.67 10-11 m3/s2/kg
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| 35. What is the escape velocity from the Moon for a lunar landing module sitting on the Moon’s surface?
Hints: ; The mass of the Moon is 7.2 × 1022 kg; its radius is 1738 km; G = 6.67 10-11 m3/s2/kg
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| 36. What is the circular velocity of an object orbiting Earth at a distance of 100,000 km from Earth’s center?
Hint: ; G = 6.67 10-11 m3/s2/kg
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37. Spring tides occur at ____.
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38. The equivalence principle can be best illustrated by ____.
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39. According to the theory of general relativity, gravity is caused by the ____.
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40. One of the first tests of the general theory of relativity was the ____.
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41. The second postulate of special relativity states that ____.
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42. Special relativity predicts that the observed mass of a moving particle depends on its ____.
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43. According to the inverse square law, the force due to gravity between two masses will ____.
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44. Newton’s law of gravitational force states that ____.
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45. Which statement expresses Newton’s first law of motion?
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46. An object’s momentum is equal to its ____.
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47. The first postulate of special relativity states that ____.
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48. The importance of the general theory of relativity lies in its description of ____.
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49. Einstein revolutionized modern physics by ____.
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50. The force due to the gravity between two objects depends on the ____,
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51. As described by Kepler’s second law, an object in an elliptical orbit reaches its highest velocity when it is as at ____.
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Figure 5-15 |
52. Consider the accompanying figure. Due to the curvature of space-time by the sun, light from stars that pass near the edge of the sun will ____.
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53. What is an example of the conservation of angular momentum?
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54. Newton’s second law of motion is represented by ____.
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55. Kinetic energy refers to the energy of a(n)____.
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| Matching |
Match the terms below with the appropriate description or definition.
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56. States that a gravitational field is a curvature of space-time caused by the presence of mass
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57. A measure of an object’s amount of motion
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58. A measure of an object’s mass along with its speed of rotation
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59. The resistance of matter to changes in motion
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60. Follows an elliptical path
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61. Occurs without force
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62. The amount of matter in a body
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63. The velocity required to break free of an astronomical body
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64. States that observers cannot detect their uniform motion through space through internal tests
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65. States that the force of gravity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two masses
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| Completion |
66. A ball is dropped from the top of a science building. After falling for three seconds, the speed of the ball would be _______________ m/sec.
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67. Newton’s first law of motion was very similar to descriptions of motion proposed by _______________.
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68. The ______________ of the Moon’s orbit is the location at which it is farthest from Earth.
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69. _______________ occur when tides caused by the Sun and Moon partially cancel out.
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70. The _______________ states that an observer cannot distinguish locally the difference between inertial forces due to acceleration and uniform gravitational forces due to the presence of a massive object.
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71. The term _______________ refers to a change in velocity.
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72. The velocity required to escape an astronomical body is known as the _______________.
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73. According to __________, _______________ motion occurs when natural motion has to be sustained by a force.
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74. The resistance of matter to changes in motion is known as _______________.
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75. An object in a closed orbit under the influence of an attractive force that follows the inverse square law must behave a(n) _______________ path.
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| Subjective Short Answer |
76. How did Aristotle describe gravity and in what context?
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77. Define and distinguish among the terms speed, velocity, and acceleration.
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78. How did Newton clarify prior laws of planetary motion?
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79. Why does the circular velocity of an Earth satellite depend on the distance from Earth’s center?
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80. How can tidal forces affect the rotation of celestial bodies and their orbital motion?
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| Essay |
81. Describe two experiments that provide evidence of space-time curvature by the presence of a mass.
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82. Explain why the term acceleration is important to the first postulate of special relativity.
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83. How does gravity explain the presence of the tides we experience on Earth?
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84. Explain why the spring and neap tides occur periodically.
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85. How did Newton’s Principia impact science?
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Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
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Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
