Fundamental of Nursing 9th Edition By Potter RN MSN PhD FAAN - Test Bank

Fundamental of Nursing 9th Edition By Potter RN MSN PhD FAAN – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 05

 

Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing, 9/E
Chapter 05

Question 1

Type: MCSA

A student is attending a school with a high first-time pass rate on the NCLEX®. A belief that the nursing student has about faculty in the program could be expressed as which of the following? Faculty:

1. Expect high academic standards from their students.
2. Are concerned with job placement of their graduates.
3. Are most concerned with the successful licensure of each student.
4. Work hard to make sure students are successful.

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale 1: The option expresses an attitude. Attitudes are mental positions or feelings that continue over time. These options describe how the student feels about the faculty.

Rationale 2: The option expresses an attitude. Attitudes are mental positions or feelings that continue over time. These options describe how the student feels about the faculty.

Rationale 3: Beliefs are interpretations or conclusions that people accept as true. They are based more on faith than fact and may or may not be true. Stating that faculty are more concerned with licensure would be a belief that the student has. It may or may not be true and it may be something that the student believes only for a short time–for example, until the student has had experiences with more of the faculty than just a few.

Rationale 4: The option expresses an attitude. Attitudes are mental positions or feelings that continue over time. These options describe how the student feels about the faculty.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 81

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub:

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment

Learning Outcome: 05 Discuss the advocacy role of the nurse.

Question 2

Type: MCSA

A nurse manager has a staff nurse who observes certain religious holidays. The manager tries to make sure that these observances can be met if possible. The manager is practicing which of the following values?

1. Human dignity
2. Social justice
3. Autonomy
4. Altruism

Correct Answer: 4

Rationale 1: Human dignity is respect for the inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations. That is not the value described here.

Rationale 2: Social justice is upholding moral, legal, and humanistic principles. That is not the value described here.

Rationale 3: Autonomy is the right to self-determination, and professional practice reflects autonomy when the nurse respects patients’ rights to make decisions about their health care. That is not the value described here.

Rationale 4: Altruism is a concern for the welfare and well-being of others. A professional behavior of this value is demonstrating the understanding of cultures, beliefs, and perspectives of others.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 81

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity

Client Need Sub:

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation

Learning Outcome: 01 Explain how values, moral frameworks, and codes of ethics affect moral decisions.

Question 3

Type: MCSA

Parents of a terminally ill child have decided to remove their child from life support, a decision that has met with little positive support. The nurse practices the value of autonomy through which of the following?

1. Showing respect for the family
2. Respecting the parents’ decision
3. Referring the parents to social services
4. Asking to be assigned to a different client

Correct Answer: 2

Rationale 1: A nurse can show respect for the family without respecting the decision of the parents.

Rationale 2: Autonomy is the right to self-determination, and professional practice reflects autonomy when the nurse respects patients’ rights to make decisions about their health care.

Rationale 3: Referring the parents to another entity points to feelings of unease about the parents’ choice.

Rationale 4: Asking to be assigned to another client does not honor the right of patients and families to make decisions about health care.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 85

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity

Client Need Sub:

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation

Learning Outcome: 01 Explain how values, moral frameworks, and codes of ethics affect moral decisions.
03 When presented with an ethical situation, identify the moral issues and principles involved.

Question 4

Type: MCSA

A nurse is working with a local agency to provide care to the inadequately insured by helping to staff an after-hours clinic. This nurse is demonstrating which of the following professional values?

1. Human dignity
2. Altruism
3. Social justice
4. Integrity

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale 1: Human dignity is respect for the worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations. That is not the value described here.

Rationale 2: Altruism is concern for the welfare and well-being of others. That is not the value described here.

Rationale 3: Social justice is upholding moral, legal, and humanistic principles. This value is demonstrated in professional practice when the nurse works to ensure equal treatment under the law and equal access to quality health care.

Rationale 4: Integrity is acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice. That is not the value described here.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 86

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity

Client Need Sub:

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation

Learning Outcome: 01 Explain how values, moral frameworks, and codes of ethics affect moral decisions.
03 When presented with an ethical situation, identify the moral issues and principles involved.

Question 5

Type: MCSA

A nurse mistakenly gave a client who was NPO a morning breakfast tray. After realizing the mistake, the nurse notified the physician as well as the client; explained the consequences of this mistake, which included a delay in the client’s scheduled procedure; and documented the situation in the client’s medical record. This nurse demonstrates which of the following?

1. Altruism
2. Integrity
3. Social justice
4. Human dignity

Correct Answer: 2

Rationale 1: Altruism is a concern for the welfare and well-being of others. That is not the value described here.

Rationale 2: Integrity is acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice.

Rationale 3: Social justice is upholding moral, legal, and humanistic principles. That is not the value described here.

Rationale 4: Human dignity is respect for the worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations. That is not the value described here.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 81

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity

Client Need Sub:

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation

Learning Outcome: 02 Explain how nurses use knowledge of values to make ethical decisions and to assist clients in clarifying their values.
03 When presented with an ethical situation, identify the moral issues and principles involved.

Question 6

Type: MCSA

A pregnant client says her main concern is that her baby will be born healthy, even though she admits to drinking alcohol on a regular basis. This client is struggling with which of the following?

1. Values transmission
2. Values clarification
3. Morals
4. Ethics

Correct Answer: 2

Rationale 1: Values transmission means that values are learned through observation and experience and are influenced by sociocultural environment and traditions.

Rationale 2: Behavior that indicates unclear values includes ignoring a health professional’s advice, such as using alcohol during pregnancy.

Rationale 3: Morals refer to personal standards of what is right and wrong.

Rationale 4: Ethics refers to the practices or beliefs of a certain group.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 81

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity

Client Need Sub:

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment

Learning Outcome: 03 When presented with an ethical situation, identify the moral issues and principles involved.
04 Discuss common ethical issues currently facing health care professionals.

Question 7

Type: MCSA

A client who has been blinded as result of an injury informs the rehabilitation staff that she plans to return to her counseling practice and will continue to work on a full-time basis. This client is demonstrating which aspect of values clarification?

1. Choosing
2. Prizing
3. Acting
4. Clarifying

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale 1: Choosing is a cognitive action. Beliefs are chosen freely without outside pressure, from among alternatives, and after reflecting and considering consequences. That is not the aspect of value clarification described in the stem.

Rationale 2: Prizing is an affective action where chosen beliefs are prized and cherished. That is not the aspect of value clarification described in the stem.

Rationale 3: The “acting” component of values clarification is a behavioral action in which chosen beliefs are affirmed to others, incorporated into one’s behavior, and repeated consistently in one’s life. Stating the intention to return to prior employment on a full-time basis would be an affirmation of the client’s plan.

Rationale 4: Clarifying values is the process in which choosing, prizing, and acting are accomplished. That is not the aspect of value clarification described in the stem.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 82

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity

Client Need Sub:

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation

Learning Outcome: 01 Explain how values, moral frameworks, and codes of ethics affect moral decisions.

Question 8

Type: MCSA

A client has been complaining of pain, even though the nurse has given the client the maximum amount of medication as ordered by the physician. Which of the following demonstrates the nurse’s respect for the client’s autonomy?

1. Telling the client that he will have to “tough it out”
2. Calling the physician for further orders
3. Telling co-workers that this client has no pain tolerance
4. Believing the client is drug seeking

Correct Answer: 2

Rationale 1: This option does not exemplify the nurse’s respect for or consideration of the client’s situation.

Rationale 2: Honoring the principle of autonomy means that the nurse respects the client’s right to make decisions, treating others with consideration and not as impersonal sources of knowledge or training. Believing the client continues to have pain would be an example of treating with consideration. For whatever reason, this particular client is not responding to the medication ordered by the physician and other medications or treatment should be initiated.

Rationale 3: This option does not exemplify the nurse’s respect for or consideration of the client’s situation.

Rationale 4: This option does not exemplify the nurse’s respect for or consideration of the client’s situation.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 85

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Evaluation

Learning Outcome: 02 Explain how nurses use knowledge of values to make ethical decisions and to assist clients in clarifying their values.
03 When presented with an ethical situation, identify the moral issues and principles involved.

Question 9

Type: MCSA

A client has chosen to discontinue hemodialysis. His family is not supportive of his decision. The nurse who uses the theory of principles-based reasoning would make which of the following statements?

1. “This client is of sound mind and is capable of making his own decisions regarding health care. It really is his decision to make.”
2. “I need to try and help the family understand the client’s decision so they can work through this situation together.”
3. “This client’s health is so deteriorated that the treatment is not saving his life. It is prolonging the ultimate outcome, which is his death.”
4. “The client understands his decision and the advanced stage of his disease. If he quits treatment, he will die.”

Correct Answer: 1

Rationale 1: Principles-based theories stress individual rights, like autonomy. The client has the ability to make the decision and it is his right to autonomy to do that.

Rationale 2: Caring theories, or relationship theories, stress courage, generosity, commitment, and the need to nurture and maintain relationships. Caring theories promote the common good or the welfare of the group. Trying to help the family understand the client’s decision is an example of a caring-based theory in practice.

Rationale 3: Consequence-based theories look at the outcomes of an action in judging whether that action is right or wrong..

Rationale 4: Consequence theories are exemplified by the nurse looking at the outcomes of the client’s decision.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 81

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation

Learning Outcome: 02 Explain how nurses use knowledge of values to make ethical decisions and to assist clients in clarifying their values.
03 When presented with an ethical situation, identify the moral issues and principles involved.
05 Discuss the advocacy role of the nurse.

Question 10

Type: MCSA

The administration of a hospital, along with nursing services, is planning to incorporate a struggling private clinic into the infrastructure of the hospital. Although relocating the clinic may cause transportation difficulty for some clients, keeping the clinic running will allow current employees as well as clients the continued benefit of the service. This is a specific example of which theory?

1. Teleological theory
2. Deontological theory
3. Utilitarianism
4. Caring theory

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale 1: Teleological theories look at the outcomes of an action and judge it to be right or wrong.

Rationale 2: Deontological theories, which are also principles based, emphasize individual rights, duties, and obligations. In this situation, a number of people are involved with the clinic, not just one person.

Rationale 3: Utilitarianism views a good act as one that brings the most good and the least harm for the greatest number of people. Continuing to provide a service, even though it has to be relocated, is better than discontinuing something that clients continue to use and employees depend on.

Rationale 4: Utilitarianism views a good act as one that Caring theories stress courage, generosity, commitment, and the need to nurture and maintain relationships.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 84

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation

Learning Outcome: 01 Explain how values, moral frameworks, and codes of ethics affect moral decisions.
03 When presented with an ethical situation, identify the moral issues and principles involved.
04 Discuss common ethical issues currently facing health care professionals.

Question 11

Type: MCSA

A nurse is having difficulty with the decision for aggressive cancer therapy in an elderly client, wondering if the therapy will actually be more harmful than the disease and knowing that the client will be subjected to harmful chemicals. This nurse is struggling with which of the following principles?

1. Autonomy
2. Justice
3. Beneficence
4. Nonmaleficence

Correct Answer: 4

Rationale 1: Autonomy refers to the right to make one’s own decisions. That is not what the nurse is having an ethical dilemma about.

Rationale 2: Justice is often referred to as fairness. That is not what the nurse is having an ethical dilemma about.

Rationale 3: Beneficence means “doing good.” In this case the benefits are not known, making the harm more real. While aggressive cancer therapy is difficult to endure, and given the age of the client, this case is a suggestion of beneficence but there is a more appropriate option available.

Rationale 4: Nonmaleficence is duty to “do no harm.” Doing intentional harm is never acceptable in nursing. Placing a client at risk of harm is what is depicted in this scenario, and it occurs as a known consequence of a nursing intervention or some other type of treatment. It is unknown how much therapy will be of benefit to the client or whether it will actually do more harm.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 85

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Safe Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Evaluation

Learning Outcome: 02 Explain how nurses use knowledge of values to make ethical decisions and to assist clients in clarifying their values.
03 When presented with an ethical situation, identify the moral issues and principles involved.

04 Discuss common ethical issues currently facing health care professionals.

Question 12

Type: MCSA

A toddler who has just been admitted to the pediatric unit is crying and scared. No treatment has been initiated at this point. The nurse needs to start an IV and the parent asks, “Will this be painful to my child?” In practicing veracity, the nurse responds:

1. “I won’t lie to you. It may be easier for you if you step out until we get the line in.”
2. “We’ll take every care not to hurt your child.”
3. “It shouldn’t be too bad and I’ll be quick.”
4. “We do this all the time, so don’t worry.”

Correct Answer: 1

Rationale 1: Veracity refers to telling the truth. Even though telling the truth may frighten the parent, starting an IV on a frightened, scared, ill child is a difficult task. Because of the developmental stage, any explanation given by the nurse won’t be understood. Being honest to the parent will help the nurse gain trust and will outweigh any benefits that may be gained by downplaying the situation.

Rationale 2: Saying that the nurse will everything possible not to hurt the child will not negate the fact that it will hurt. A needle going into a vein is not a comfortable procedure.

Rationale 3: Saying that the nurse will preform the task quickly is not a sufficient answer to the parent. A needle going into a vein is not a comfortable procedure. The nurse really doesn’t know how bad it will hurt the child.

Rationale 4: Telling the parent not to worry is pointless.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 86

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation

Learning Outcome: 01 Explain how values, moral frameworks, and codes of ethics affect moral decisions.

Question 13

Type: MCSA

A student nurse accidentally left the call light outside the reach of an elderly client. Luckily another nurse found the situation and was able to rectify the matter before something happened. The student responded, “I know better. I should’ve double checked where the light was before I left the room.” This student is demonstrating which of the following?

1. Justice
2. Fidelity
3. Responsibility
4. Accountability

Correct Answer: 4

Rationale 1: Justice is being fair. That it not the value exhibited by the student nurse.

Rationale 2: Fidelity means to be faithful to agreements and promises. That it not the value exhibited by the student nurse.

Rationale 3: Responsibility refers to the liability associated with the performance of duties of a particular role. The student had the responsibility to provide safe care to the client (i.e., make sure the call light was within reach) but did not follow through with it. That it not the value exhibited by the student nurse.

Rationale 4: Accountability means “answering to oneself and others for one’s own actions.” By admitting that he or she knew better and should have double checked the situation, the student shows accountability.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 86

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Safe Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Safety and Infection Control

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Evaluation

Learning Outcome: 01 Explain how values, moral frameworks, and codes of ethics affect moral decisions.

03 When presented with an ethical situation, identify the moral issues and principles involved.

04 Discuss common ethical issues currently facing health care professionals.

Question 14

Type: MCSA

The ANA (American Nurses Association) and the CNA (Canadian Nurses Association) have both adopted a code of ethics. Which of the following describes characteristics of a code of ethics?

1. Formal statement
2. Same standards as legal standards
3. Shared by group members
4. Reflects legal judgments
5. Serves as a standard for professional actions

Correct Answer: 5

Rationale 1: A code of ethics is a formal statement of a group’s ideals and values. It is a set of ethical principles that (a) is shared by members of the group, (b) reflects their moral (not legal) judgments over time, and (c) serves as a standard for their professional actions. Codes of ethics usually have higher requirements than legal standards, and they are never lower than the legal standards of the profession.

Rationale 2: A code of ethics is a formal statement of a group’s ideals and values. It is a set of ethical principles that (a) is shared by members of the group, (b) reflects their moral (not legal) judgments over time, and (c) serves as a standard for their professional actions. Codes of ethics usually have higher requirements than legal standards, and they are never lower than the legal standards of the profession.

Rationale 3: A code of ethics is a formal statement of a group’s ideals and values. It is a set of ethical principles that (a) is shared by members of the group, (b) reflects their moral (not legal) judgments over time, and (c) serves as a standard for their professional actions. Codes of ethics usually have higher requirements than legal standards, and they are never lower than the legal standards of the profession.

Rationale 4: A code of ethics is a formal statement of a group’s ideals and values. It is a set of ethical principles that (a) is shared by members of the group, (b) reflects their moral (not legal) judgments over time, and (c) serves as a standard for their professional actions. Codes of ethics usually have higher requirements than legal standards, and they are never lower than the legal standards of the profession.

Rationale 5: A code of ethics is a formal statement of a group’s ideals and values. It is a set of ethical principles that (a) is shared by members of the group, (b) reflects their moral (not legal) judgments over time, and (c) serves as a standard for their professional actions. Codes of ethics usually have higher requirements than legal standards, and they are never lower than the legal standards of the profession.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 86-88

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub:

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation

Learning Outcome: 02 Explain how nurses use knowledge of values to make ethical decisions and to assist clients in clarifying their values.

Question 15

Type: MCSA

A 20-year-old client with Down syndrome is able to live in an assisted environment and work part-time for a local bookstore. The parent of this client is adamant about not initiating a course of treatment whose side effects are unknown with Down syndrome clients. According to the nursing code of ethics, the nurse’s first loyalty is to which of the following?

1. The client
2. The parent
3. The physician
4. The nurse

Correct Answer: 1

Rationale 1: The nurse’s first loyalty is to the client. Conflicts among obligations to families, physicians, employing institutions, and clients may arise because of the nurse’s unique position. It is not always easy to determine which action best serves the client’s needs.

Rationale 2: The nurse’s first loyalty is to the client. Conflicts among obligations to families, physicians, employing institutions, and clients may arise because of the nurse’s unique position. It is not always easy to determine which action best serves the client’s needs.

Rationale 3: The nurse’s first loyalty is to the client. Conflicts among obligations to families, physicians, employing institutions, and clients may arise because of the nurse’s unique position. It is not always easy to determine which action best serves the client’s needs.

Rationale 4: The nurse’s first loyalty is to the client. Conflicts among obligations to families, physicians, employing institutions, and clients may arise because of the nurse’s unique position. It is not always easy to determine which action best serves the client’s needs.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 88

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Safe Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation

Learning Outcome: 02 Explain how nurses use knowledge of values to make ethical decisions and to assist clients in clarifying their values.

03 When presented with an ethical situation, identify the moral issues and principles involved.

04 Discuss common ethical issues currently facing health care professionals.

05 Discuss the advocacy role of the nurse.

Question 16

Type: MCSA

A hospice nurse has been working closely with a client who, on several occasions, has asked about guidance and support in ending her life. The nurse, in making an ethical and moral decision, should recognize that:

1. Passive euthanasia is an easy decision to arrive at.
2. Legal issues are not the same as moral or ethical ones.
3. Active euthanasia is supported in the Code for Nurses.
4. Assisted suicide is illegal in all states.

Correct Answer: 2

Rationale 1: Passive euthanasia involves the withdrawal of extraordinary means of life support and is never an easy decision.

Rationale 2: Determining whether an action is legal is only one aspect of deciding whether it is ethical. Legality and morality are not one and the same. The nurse must know and follow the legal statutes of the profession and boundaries within the state before making any decision.

Rationale 3: Active euthanasia and assisted suicide are in violation of the Code for Nurses, according to the position statement by the ANA (1995).

Rationale 4: Some states and countries have laws permitting assisted suicide for clients who are severely ill, are near death, and wish to commit suicide.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 86

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Safe Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation

Learning Outcome: 02 Explain how nurses use knowledge of values to make ethical decisions and to assist clients in clarifying their values.

03 When presented with an ethical situation, identify the moral issues and principles involved.

04 Discuss common ethical issues currently facing health care professionals.

Question 17

Type: MCSA

An client with terminal cancer is dying. For the past several days, the client has refused food and fluids, and pushes the caregiver’s hands away when attempts are made to feed the client or offer any kind of fluid. The family is considering placing a gastrostomy tube because they feel the client is “starving to death.” The nurse should:

1. Honor the family’s wishes and have them sign a consent form.
2. Talk to the physician so he or she can move forward with the family’s wishes.
3. Honor the client’s refusal and help the family come to terms with the situation.
4. Take the case to the hospital’s ethics committee.

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale 1: Clients, not their families, should make decisions about their own health care and treatment.

Rationale 2: The physician may or may not be involved, but not to disregard the client’s refusal.

Rationale 3: A nurse is morally obligated to withhold food and fluids if it is determined to be more harmful to administer them than to withhold them. The nurse must also honor competent patients’ refusal of food and fluids. This position is supported by the ANA’s Code of Ethics for Nurses, through the nurse’s role as a client advocate and through the moral principle of autonomy. Clients, not their families, should make decisions about their own health care and treatment. In this case, the client has made a decision and it should be honored.

Rationale 4: An ethics committee is usually considered when there is a ethical dilemma and more input is needed to make a decision. In this case, the client has made a decision.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 88

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity

Client Need Sub:

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation

Learning Outcome: 02 Explain how nurses use knowledge of values to make ethical decisions and to assist clients in clarifying their values.

03 When presented with an ethical situation, identify the moral issues and principles involved.

04 Discuss common ethical issues currently facing health care professionals.

05 Discuss the advocacy role of the nurse.

Question 18

Type: MCSA

A client comes to the clinic and is found to have an STD (sexually transmitted disease). The client states to the nurse, “Promise you won’t tell anyone about my condition.” The nurse, according to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996, must do which of the following?

1. Honor the client’s wishes
2. Not disclose any information to anyone
3. Respect the client’s privacy and confidentiality
4. Communicate only necessary information

Correct Answer: 4

Rationale 1: Nurses should not make promises to keep necessary information private.

Rationale 2: Nurses are entrusted with sensitive information which, at times, must be revealed to other health care personnel in order to provide appropriate health care.

Rationale 3: Nurses are entrusted with sensitive information which, at times, must be revealed to other health care personnel in order to provide appropriate health care. Clients must be able to trust that their information is secure and will only be shared with appropriate entities.

Rationale 4: HIPAA includes standards that protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data as well as standards that define appropriate disclosures of identifiable health information and patient rights protection. Nurses are entrusted with sensitive information which, at times, must be revealed to other health care personnel in order to provide appropriate health care. In this case, the nurse may be required to report information to the state health department.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 93

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation

Learning Outcome: 02 Explain how nurses use knowledge of values to make ethical decisions and to assist clients in clarifying their values.

04 Discuss common ethical issues currently facing health care professionals.

Question 19

Type: MCSA

A home health client has been prescribed nutritional supplements three times a day. The formula is expensive and the client tells the home health nurse that she is taking them three times a day, but diluting them so she can use only one can, not three, per day. As a client advocate, the nurse should:

1. Help the client look for available community resources that may be of assistance.
2. Tell the client that she needs to take the prescribed amount.
3. Report the situation to the physician.
4. Weigh the client on a weekly basis to monitor weight gain or loss.

Correct Answer: 1

Rationale 1: Resource allocation and financial considerations are major issues in home health care. When clients are in their own home, they operate from their own values and client autonomy must be respected. Community resources may be of benefit for this client to be able to afford the proper supplement at the correct dose or to provide assistance in other financial areas so the client has the treatment needs met.

Rationale 2: The client already knows she should take the prescribed amount.

Rationale 3: Telling the physician will not help to solve the situation.

Rationale 4: Weighing the client merely assesses the need, which has already been established.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 93-94

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation

Learning Outcome: 05 Discuss the advocacy role of the nurse.

Question 20

Type: MCMA

Which of the following fundamental responsibilities of nurses are included in the preamble of the International Council of Nurses Code of Ethics?

Standard Text: Select all that apply.

1. Promote health.
2. Restore health.
3. Inform the public about minimum standards of nursing conduct.
4. Provide self-regulation in the profession.
5. Prevent illness.
6. Alleviate suffering.

Correct Answer: 1,2,5,6

Rationale 1: Promotion of health is one of the fundamental responsibilities of nurses according to the International Council of Nurses Code of Ethics.

Rationale 2: Restoration of health is one of the fundamental responsibilities of nurses according to the International Council of Nurses Code of Ethics.

Rationale 3: Informing the public about minimum standards of nursing conduct is not one of the fundamental responsiblities of nurses that is included in the preamble of the International Council of Nurses Code of Ethics.

Rationale 4: Providing self-regulation in the profession is not one of the fundamental responsiblities of nurses that is included in the preamble of the International Council of Nurses Code of Ethics.

Rationale 5: Preventing illness is one of the fundamental responsibilities of nurses according to the International Council of Nurses Code of Ethics.

Rationale 6: The alleviation of suffering is one of the fundamental responsibilities of nurses according to the International Council of Nurses Code of Ethics.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 87

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Client Need Sub:

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment

Learning Outcome: 01 Explain how values, moral frameworks, and codes of ethics affect moral decisions.

Question 21

Type: MCMA

A nurse best shows an understanding of the professional responsibility to advocate for a client’s health, safety, and rights when:

Standard Text: Select all that apply.

1. Reporting a medication error that he was responsible for making.
2. Notifying the unit manager that a nurse is showing signs of being under the influence of alcohol.
3. Being sure the computer screen is not visible to visitors when charting.
4. Asking the client to explain in her own words the purpose of the research project she asked to act in as a participant.
5. Calling the healthcare provider to clarify a confusing prescription for a client’s pain.

Correct Answer: 2,3,4,5

Rationale 1: This is reflective more of the nurse’s responsibility and accountability for personal nursing practice.

Rationale 2: The nurse advocates for client health and safety when reporting the impaired nurse.

Rationale 3: The nurse advocates for client rights when protecting confidentiality.

Rationale 4: The nurse advocates for client health and safety when protecting the participants in a research project.

Rationale 5: The nurse advocates for client health and safety when clarifying confusing orders or questionable medical practices.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 93-94

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need: Safe Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation

Learning Outcome: 05 Discuss the advocacy role of the nurse.

Question 22

Type: SEQ

The nurse attempting to use Thompson’s model of ethical decision making will address an ethical problem by implementing the following steps in what order?

Standard Text: Click and drag the options below to move them up or down.

Choice 1. Interviewing the client regarding details of the problem.

Choice 2. Discussing the various results of the identified possible actions to resolve the problem.

Choice 3. Determining what, if any, ethical issues exist.

Choice 4. Determining whether affected parties are in ethical conflict.

Choice 5. Assessing all involved parties concerning their ethical beliefs regarding the problem.

Correct Answer: 1,3,5,4,2

Rationale 1: Gathering additional information to clarify the situation is the first step in this model.

Rationale 2: Identifying the range of actions with anticipated outcomes is the final step in this process among the available options.

Rationale 3: Identifying the ethical issues in the situation occurs immediately after the information concerning the problem is obtained.

Rationale 4: Identifying value conflicts occurs after information has been gathered, after it is determined that an ethical problem exists, and after affected individuals are assessed for their ethical beliefs.

Rationale 5: Identifying moral positions of key individuals involved occurs after information has been gathered and it is determined that an ethical problem exists.

Global Rationale: Page Reference: 89

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need: Safe Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Planning

Learning Outcome: 02 Explain how nurses use knowledge of values to make ethical decisions and to assist clients in clarifying their values.

Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing, 9/E Test Bank