Health Promotion Throughout The Life Span 7th Edition by Carole Lium Edelman -Test Bank

Health Promotion Throughout The Life Span 7th Edition by Carole Lium Edelman -Test Bank

 

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Edelman: Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 7th Edition

Chapter 05: Ethical Issues Relevant to Health Promotion

Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following statements is true with regard to health promotion?

a.	Health promotion efforts are not concerned with addressing environmental obstacles to health.
b.	Advocates of health promotion are not involved in political campaigns against harmful products.
c.	The business of eliminating health disparities is a unique function of Healthy People 2010 goals.
d.	Health promotion involves collaboration of many professional groups.

 

ANS:   D

Health promotion involves collaboration of all health professional groups with requisite knowledge and skills to protect or achieve health.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge             REF:    116

 

2. Which of the following types of ethical theories is concerned with ensuring “good actions”?

a.	Descriptive value theories
b.	Normative theories
c.	Consequentialism theory
d.	Duty-based theories

 

ANS:   B

Normative theories are either reasoned explanations of the moral purpose of human interactions or are divinely “revealed” truths about good actions. These are the types of actions people “ought” to take on the basis of which principles are believed to be valid.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge             REF:    117

 

3. Which of the following statements best describes the application of moral or ethical theory to the practices involved in health promotion?

a.	One can be assured of morally correct action in a given situation if one adheres to a theory of moral principles.
b.	There are no identifiable criteria that can be used effectively to determine correct actions in a given situation.
c.	The good of the larger population always takes precedence over the good of one individual.
d.	Making ethical decisions regarding human health involves the consideration of multiple factors.

 

ANS:   D

Making moral or ethical decisions about human health is not an easy task and requires assessing various criteria or theories.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Synthesis                REF:    121

 

4. A liver for which two people are tissue-typed has become available after the death of a donor in a car accident. Client A is a 45-year-old substance abuser whose liver is damaged as a result of his use of alcohol. Client B is a 16-year-old in need of a liver transplant because of a birth abnormality. Which of the following would be useful for a nurse in giving input as to which of the two should receive the liver?

a.	Advocate for Client B because he is the younger of the two and will live longer.
b.	Use feminist moral theory to advocate for Client A in spite of his alcohol use.
c.	Use a guided set of moral principles in decision making before advocating for either.
d.	Advocate for Client A because he has 15 to 20 years of productive life left.

 

ANS:   C

Systematically using a set of moral principles in making ethical decisions assists the nurse in resolving ethical dilemmas such as that described.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Synthesis                REF:    123-124

 

5. Nurse B has been asked to participate in a termination of the pregnancy of a 16-year-old victim of date rape. Nurse B’s religious beliefs prohibit abortion. According to the revised American Nurses Association’s (ANA’s) Code of Ethics for Nurses, which of the following options addresses the immediacy of Nurse B’s situation?

a.	Suspend her religious beliefs and provide comfort and support for the 16-year-old client.
b.	Quit her job and find another source of employment.
c.	Notify her supervisor about her beliefs and ask that someone else be given the assignment.
d.	Refuse to participate in the abortion.

 

ANS:   C

In the immediacy of the situation, the ANA Code of Ethics provides for the right of nurses to refuse to participate in procedures that violate their own values, but the nurse’s ethical behavior must ensure that arrangements for the care of the client are provided.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application             REF:    122-123

 

6. A 24-year-old man who is cognitively delayed with a designated developmental age of 5 to 6 years has no relatives participating in his care. A decision needs to made for a neurosurgeon to remove a brain tumor that has rendered the client totally dependent on someone else for all activities of daily living. The nurse would participate in ethical decision making on his behalf, knowing that the client in her care is unable to benefit from which of the following ethical concepts?

a.	Autonomy
b.	Justice
c.	Beneficence
d.	Advocacy

 

ANS:   A

Because the client is cognitively delayed and is unable to understand explanations of treatment that would be given to him, the client is unable to be autonomous in making a decision regarding neurosurgery.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application             REF:    128-129

 

7. A client is scheduled to have open-heart surgery. His physical condition is such that he stands a 50-50 chance of dying on the operating table. He has not been advised of this possibility. Which of the following ethical concepts has been ignored in rendering care for this client?

a.	Beneficence
b.	Autonomy
c.	Justice
d.	Informed consent

 

ANS:   D

The client is able to “substantially understand” his care. Ethical care ensures that a person has all of the appropriate information necessary to make an autonomous decision about his or her care. This client has not been informed of his chances of dying during the surgery.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application             REF:    129

 

8. An 18-year-old woman in whom a sexually transmitted disease (STD) was recently diagnosed asks the nurse not to tell her mother that she has an STD. Her mother asks the nurse what is causing her daughter’s vaginal discharge. The nurse should:

a.	Follow the principle of veracity and tell the mother the diagnosis
b.	Respect the principle of confidentiality and support the client’s request not to tell her mother the diagnosis
c.	Tell the client’s mother that she has a urinary tract infection, to protect the client’s privacy and honor the mother’s request
d.	Ignore the mother’s request for information

 

ANS:   B

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) guarantees client confidentiality. The client is the only person who can inform her mother of the diagnosis and the only person who can give the nurse permission to inform her mother of the diagnosis. The nurse could appropriately respond to the mother by saying, “I cannot share that information with you because of client confidentiality legislation. You might ask your daughter to share that information with you.”

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Synthesis                REF:    131

 

9. Which of the following concepts of ethics is described as the “duty to maximize the benefits of actions while minimizing harm”?

a.	Advocacy
b.	Justice
c.	Beneficence
d.	Autonomy

 

ANS:   C

Beneficence governs actions taken to further the overall health or well-being of an individual or society. “Beneficence” means doing good.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge             REF:    133

 

10. Which concept is aimed at interrupting potential ethical problems before they develop?

a.	Feminist ethics
b.	Preventive ethics
c.	Metaethics
d.	Normative ethics

 

ANS:   B

Preventive ethics is a requirement of health promotion in which practitioners envision potential problems and institute actions that stop their development.

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge             REF:    125-126