Human Development A Life-Span View 7th Edition by Robert V. Kail - Test Bank Instant Download - Complete Test Bank With Answers Sample Questions Are Posted Below 1. According to Erikson, what is the foundation of human development? a. Autonomy b. Trust in self and others c. Initiative …
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Human Development A Life-Span View 7th Edition by Robert V. Kail – Test Bank
Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
1. According to Erikson, what is the foundation of human development?
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2. Which child has most successfully resolved the “basic trust versus mistrust” stage of psychosocial development?
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3. After reading a book on Eriksonian theory, Farah would most likely describe her trusting one-year-old daughter as possessing
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4. Tiffany is an infant who has acquired hope. Which crisis of psychosocial development has she successfully resolved?
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5. According to Erikson, how would parents establish trust in their six-month-old?
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6. Who would Erikson predict to have the greatest sense of will?
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7. Carmela is struggling in the “autonomy versus shame and doubt” stage of psychosocial development. What aspect of her psychosocial development will result from her successful resolution of this conflict?
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8. Autonomy is most synonymous with
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9. Although Jamie has an enormous amount of initiative, he does not possess “purpose.” According to Erikson, this is probably because Jamie
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10. Lili has begun to play “teacher,” “mommy,” “doctor,” and “pilot.” Lili is probably in which of Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development?
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11. Four-year-old Luticia pretends to be a doctor and has begun to realize that she needs to be responsible and cooperate with her parents. According to Erikson, this indicates that she is beginning to achieve a sense of
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12. William has noticed that his daughter Bonnie has recently begun to ask a lot of questions like, “What can I be when I grow up?” and “How come the sky is blue?” This behavior is best associated with the ____ stage of development.
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13. Dr. Ginesberg’s lecture on attachment concludes that babies express behavior that makes it more likely they will form attachments to adults because, in the past, infants that expressed these behaviors were the infants who survived. Dr. Ginesberg is presenting a(n) ____ approach to attachment.
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14. Who would be most likely to argue that smiling is a common social response because over the history of humanity, individuals who smiled were liked more and allowed to have children?
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15. As an evolutionary theorist, Dr. Zorba is most likely to believe that
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16. Which individual is most responsible for today’s evolutionary view of attachment?
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17. Dr. Wilson studies how children form lasting social-emotional relationships with adults. Dr. Wilson is most likely interested in studying
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18. Baby Hughie has singled out his mother as someone different from all others. When his mother takes him to a new place, Hughie is able to explore but looks back to his mother every once in a while for reassurance. According to Bowlby, Hughie is most likely in the ____ phase of attachment.
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19. Which is the last of Bowlby’s four phases in the growth of attachment?
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20. Eight-month-old Claire is able to crawl around a room on her own, looking back at her mother only occasionally. This indicates that Claire
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21. How could a parent best encourage attachment in a four-month-old?
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22. Which normally maturing infant would be most likely to have just formed first true attachment?
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23. You are the infant’s “playmate.” When distressed, this child does not prefer you, but when the child wants to play, she chooses you. You are probably the child’s
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24. Which statement on parent-infant early relationships is true?
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25. Anthony and Martina are the new parents of a new baby named Zoe and are wondering whether Zoe will attach to them. A developmental psychologist explains to them that if Zoe is a typical baby, she will
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26. One-year-old Chatava is not upset when her mother leaves the room, and when her mother returns, Chatava turns away from her. Chatava is exhibiting ____ attachment.
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27. If Imelda is a typical American infant, you would most likely be correct if you guessed that she exhibits a(n) ____ attachment.
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28. Elise has been playing alone, upset, by herself in her room. When her mother returns, she is not comforted but seems angry with her mother. Elise is most likely exhibiting a(n) ____ attachment.
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29. When Faith’s mother leaves her alone in a room, she does not move and appears a bit dazed. Faith is most likely exhibiting a(n) ____ attachment.
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30. Securely attached infants tend to show ____ when reunited with a caregiver.
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31. If a parent told you, “My one-year-old and I just participated in a study utilizing a ‘Strange Situation,’” you would most accurately respond,
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32. Which type of attachment is characterized by confusion in the infant when the mother leaves and when she returns?
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33. In the Strange Situation test, a(n) ____ remains alone in a room with an infant.
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34. Attachment is most critical to completing which of Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development?
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35. Michiko was insecurely attached as an infant. Which behavior is least likely to occur?
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36. A secure infant attachment predicts ____ during later childhood.
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37. Which baby is most likely to be insecurely attached?
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38. What advice should you give to a parent who wants his or her two-month-old to form a secure attachment?
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39. The fact that infant Ricardo has come to expect that his mother is available when he needs her means that Ricardo has developed
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40. If two-year-old Kelly had an internal working model, she would
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41. From an infant’s perspective, what is the most critical factor in establishing a secure attachment?
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42. How does temperament contribute to attachment?
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43. What is the best example of a psychological force in the development of attachment?
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44. Elita is feeling guilty about sending her 18-month-old off to daycare. Assuming Elita is sending her daughter to a quality daycare center, should she be worried?
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45. Research indicates that sending a young child to a high-quality daycare has ____ effects on toddler’s attachment to their mothers.
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46. Which aspect of a local daycare’s advertisement would be inconsistent with your text’s description of quality daycare?
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47. Which combination best predicts an insecure attachment?
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48. Which statement is true regarding basic emotions?
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49. What is not be considered a basic emotion?
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50. What is not an element of a basic emotion?
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51. A frown is a ____ manifestation of an emotion.
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52. You are studying the basic emotions of 11-month-olds from the United States and China. What differences would you expect in how these basic emotions are expressed?
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53. An increase in heart rate is a ____ manifestation of an emotion.
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54. After playing by herself for a while, young Annika smiles when she sees the face of her father. What term best describes this response?
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55. We would know that two-month-old Brenda is exhibiting a social smile when she smiles in response to
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56. Which normally developing child would be most likely to have just begun to experience the emotion of anger?
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57. Which action would be the most likely cause of anger in a six-month-old?
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58. Who has most likely just developed stranger wariness?
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59. Seven-month-old Gavin seems very content being held by his mother. When the neighbor from across the street comes over to greet Gavin, he turns his head away from the neighbor and starts to cry. What term best explains Gavin’s response to the neighbor?
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60. Pride, embarrassment, and guilt are all examples of
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61. Complex emotions differ from basic emotions in that complex emotions require some understanding of
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62. Dr. Dundee believes that he has discovered a new childhood emotion that is particular to certain native Australian cultures. If he is accurate, he has most likely discovered a new
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63. Who is most likely exhibiting a complex emotion?
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64. Research results have provided evidence that the ability to distinguish facial features associated with different emotions first develops as early as ____ of age.
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65. One-year-old Kendra looks at her mother before entering a new room in a strange house. When her mother smiles, Kendra proceeds to enter the room. This is an example of
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66. One-year-old Mathieu is afraid of the dog because he saw his father react with fear to the same dog. Which term best explains why Mathieu is afraid?
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67. An example of ____ occurs when a child interprets her parent’s facial expression as a cue to determine whether or not to pick up a strange object.
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68. When Adam walks into the dark basement, he feels afraid but is able to calm himself down by saying to himself, “Don’t be afraid. There’s nothing down here that can hurt you.” Apparently, Adam is successfully
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69. Jaunita is a typical six-month-old. How is she most likely to regulate her emotions if she sees a scary object?
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70. Which would be the least sophisticated way for a child to deal with fear of a doctor?
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71. Stan is playing with his ball, and Olly is playing with his doll, but they are each watching what the other is doing. Stan and Olly are most likely involved in
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72. The phrase, “interest but no interaction,” best describes ____ play.
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73. Bud and Lou are both playing with blocks. Though they are playing, they smile at each other and trade blocks from time to time. It is most likely that Bud and Lou are involved in
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74. Children typically begin to exhibit simple social play around ____ months of age.
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75. Alexandra and Anders are playing a game where Anders hides a stuffed animal and Alexandra tries to find it. When she does, Alexandra hides the stuffed animal and Anders tries to find it. This is an example of ____ play.
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76. Franklin and Benjamin are pretending to go to school. Franklin is pretending to be the teacher, and Benjamin is pretending to be the student. What sort of interaction does this exemplify?
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77. While the typical 1 1/2-year-old spends the majority of time engaged in ____ play, the typical 4-year-old spends most of his or her time in ____ play.
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78. Walt is a preschooler who has an imaginary friend mouse named Mickey. According to recent research, it is most likely that Walt
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79. Which statement is true regarding make-believe?
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80. Omero is a preschooler who has an imaginary friend. Which best describes Omero relative to his peers without imaginary friends?
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81. Five-year-old Lou has a vivid imagination and an imaginary friend. How would this affect Lou’s ability to distinguish between fantasy and reality?
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82. Which sort of solitary play would most likely be unhealthy?
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83. As a typical prepubescent female, Rihanna will prefer to
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84. Which word would least likely be found in a description of “boys play?”
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85. Will is playing Ferrell in a game and attempts to win by saying, “If you try to do well, I will smack you!” What term best describes this statement?
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86. Which term does not fit with the notion of “constricting” during play?
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87. Michelle and Warren are building a playhouse. Michelle says to Warren, “How about I help you with your part, then you help me with mine?” This offer would be an example of
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88. Concerning play, which statement best exemplifies enabling?
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89. Which is true of childhood play?
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90. Which exemplifies the notion of parent as social director during play?
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91. Hulk often has to step in and solve disagreements between his son Hogan and his daughter Brooke. This action best reflects the idea of a parent as a
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92. Which statement best describes parental influence on play?
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93. Using scaffolding would be most beneficial for a preschool parent acting as a ____ during play.
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94. All acts of altruistic behavior are also
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95. Urvashi decides to help her friend find her lost cat because her friend is likely to give her a reward. This is an example of
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96. Solomon places a large cash amount into the hand of a street person. What would make this an act of altruism?
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97. Basic acts of altruistic behavior first appear around ____ months of age.
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98. Young Jim experiences the sadness of his friend Abdul when Abdul’s dog runs away. Jim is exhibiting
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99. The fact that young children are so ____ may interfere with their ability to engage in altruistic behaviors.
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100. Perspective taking is to empathy as
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101. Which child is most likely to act altruistically toward Gunter, who is having a very difficult time learning how to skate?
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102. With which person is Rosalind most likely to act altruistically?
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103. Which thought has been shown to increase the odds of a child engaging in an altruistic act?
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104. Altruistic acts in children tend to occur when the cost of the act is
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105. The most effective way for Hera to get her son young Zeus to become more prosocial would be to
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106. Which is the best advice for parents wishing to socialize altruistic behavior in their child?
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107. One of the most effective ways for Dottie to get her child to engage in altruistic behavior is for Dottie to
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108. Parents who incorporate ____ into their discipline are most likely to encourage altruistic behavior.
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109. A social role is best described as a(n)
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110. On her way to visiting Malaysia for the first time, Joan wonders what the people there will expect from her during their interactions. Joan is concerned about
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111. The reason that students are expected to act differently than professors is because they represent different
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112. Male and female social roles are
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113. Gender-role stereotypes involve beliefs that
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114. Phil believes that all women are emotional, physically weak, and interested in cooking. Phil’s beliefs about women would best be described as
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115. Which person is most likely using a gender stereotype to describe Erin?
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116. Gender stereotypes influence behavior by providing
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117. If he is like most preschoolers, Dougie is likely to believe that girls are
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118. Which description of the sex difference in spatial ability is the most accurate?
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119. With regard to social roles, female activities are typically more
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120. Which finding is not consistent with research studies of sex differences?
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121. On average, boys are ____ than girls.
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122. Katie is upset with her friend Leslie. In order to “get even” with her, she tries to make Leslie’s other friends mad at Leslie by making up stories about her. What is this sort of behavior called?
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123. As a typical 10-year-old American female, Brianna is more likely to ____ than a same-age male counterpart.
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124. Kyle and Sharon have a young daughter and a young son. As typical parents, they most likely treat their children the same except when it deals with
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125. As a typical American father, Hans would be most upset if his son Franz
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126. Billie is a seven-year-old boy who likes to play house and play with dolls. How would his peers be most likely to react to this behavior?
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127. Lisa believes that she cannot play football because “I’m a girl, and girls aren’t supposed to play football.” This belief is most likely an aspect of Lisa’s
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128. Dwight’s statement, “I am a boy,” is an example of
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129. The statement “girls always grow up to be women” provides an example of
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130. When three-year-old Juan, who is male, says “I’m going to grow up to be a mommy,” he is failing to demonstrate
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131. When Sara thinks about herself, she has a sense that she is a girl. On the basis of this, you could say for certain that Sara has developed
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132. David is a five-year-old who knows that he is a boy, and that he is a boy whether he’s playing with his toys or his sister’s toys. This indicates that David has developed
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133. Ben sees a group of girls playing in the sand and decides that playing in the sand is for girls. Ben’s behavior illustrates the concept of ____.
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134. After children understand gender, there are changes in their behavior toward more gender-specific preferences. Which preferences do not change during this period of development?
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135. Which statement is FALSE with regard to gender-schema theory?
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136. According to gender-schema theory, in order to decide where to learn more about an object, a child must first
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137. Which quote is most reflective of the use of a gender schema?
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138. A gender-schema theorist would be most likely to argue that young children are
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139. Tina is a girl who has congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). This means that it is more likely that Tina will prefer ____ more than other girls.
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140. Results from the Family Lifestyles Project indicate that children raised by counterculture parents are different from children raised by parents with more traditional values in that
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141. Erikson suggested that a proper balance between trust and mistrust can result in the acquisition of hope.
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142. According to Erikson’s theory, purpose is usually achieved before will.
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143. Infants rarely become attached to their fathers.
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144. Babies who exhibit avoidant attachment are not upset when their mothers leave the room.
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145. Disorganized attachments are characterized by infant confusion when mom leaves and when she returns.
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146. Internal working models involve expectations about parental responsiveness.
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147. Children attending high-quality daycare centers are less likely to be securely attached to their mothers than are children raised in their own homes.
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148. Pain is considered one of the basic emotions.
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149. Social smiles tend to be in response to seeing another human’s face.
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150. Children do not experience complex emotions until they are about 18 months old.
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151. The expression of anger does not appear to vary by culture.
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152. Quality of peer relationships is related to an individual’s ability to regulate his or her emotions.
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153. During parallel play, a child plays individually near other children.
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154. Older children are more likely to engage in cooperative play than younger children.
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155. Preschoolers with imaginary friends tend to be less sociable that other preschoolers.
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156. Constricting play often involves threats.
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157. Altruistic behavior involves an expectation of a reward.
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158. When you experience the feelings of another person, you are experiencing empathy.
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159. Parents who model altruism tend to raise more altruistic children.
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160. Some gender stereotypes are false beliefs.
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161. As toddlers, girls tend to have smaller vocabularies than boys.
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162. Males tend to be better at interpreting the emotions of others.
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163. The understanding that you are a boy or a girl occurs during gender labeling.
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164. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia results in alteration of the genitals of male infants.
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165. Erikson suggested that a child who is able to successfully balance autonomy with shame and doubt will develop a sense of _______________.
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166. _______________ psychology focuses on behaviors that represent successful adaptations to the environment.
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167. Most American children exhibit _______________ attachment relationships.
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168. The three elements of basic emotions are a subjective feeling, a physiological change, and a(n) _______________.
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169. When infants look to a parent to get cues about whether or not a new situation is safe, they are exhibiting social _______________.
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170. When children are playing by themselves but are watching each other while they do so, they are engaging in _______________ play.
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171. Aimless wandering by one’s self represents an unhealthy form of _______________ play.
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172. During play, _______________ actions tend to support others and lead to sustained play.
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173. _______________ is a form of prosocial behavior in which there is no expectation of direct benefit for one’s actions.
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174. _______________ is the actual experiencing of another’s feelings.
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175. Beliefs and images about males and females that may or may not be true are called gender _______________.
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176. An attempt to hurt another by damaging his or her peer relationships is referred to as _______________ aggression.
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177. Having a sense of yourself as male or female is best described as your gender _______________.
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178. Understanding that a preschool boy must grow up to be a man represents a comprehension of gender _______________.
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179. Congenital adrenal _______________ is a disorder that results in females having male-like genitalia.
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180. Define Erikson’s notions of hope, will, and purpose. How do these relate to the first three stages of social development?
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181. Describe Bowlby’s four phases of attachment growth.
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182. Describe the four major types of attachments. Then discuss how internal working models impact the quality of attachments.
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183. You are opening a new daycare center. Describe four actions you could take at your center to foster secure attachments in the children who attend it.
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184. Describe the differences between basic and complex emotions in terms of what they are, how they are assessed, and when they develop.
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185. Describe how social referencing could be used to help explain how a child might acquire a fear through modeling.
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186. Chucky is a nasty boy who does not like to help other people. Describe three things Chucky’s parents could do to make it more likely that Chucky will help other people.
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187. Phil and Lil are both playing with dolls in the same room. Use them in examples of parallel, simple social, and cooperative play.
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188. Discuss gender differences in play behavior. Be sure to comment on both enabling and constricting actions.
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189. Describe the actual differences between boys and girls that is supported by research.
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190. Describe parental and peer influences the development of gender typing.
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191. Describe gender-schema theory and include two gender-related factors that have be present. Give three examples that illustrate gender-schema theory in action.
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192. Attachments tend to be fleeting socioemotional relationships.
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193. Parental responses to infant crying and laughing are part of the ____ forces involved in the biopsychosocial explanation of attachment.
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Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
Original price was: $30.00.$20.00Current price is: $20.00.
