Human Genetics 12th Edition by Ricki Lewis -Test Bank Instant Download - Complete Test Bank With Answers Sample Questions Are Posted Below Chapter 05 Beyond Mendel's Laws MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1) Mendel's results and conclusions were accurate but are seen differently today because we now realize that …
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Human Genetics 12th Edition by Ricki Lewis -Test Bank
Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
Chapter 05 Beyond Mendel’s Laws
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1)
Mendel’s results and conclusions were accurate but are seen differently today because we now realize that
pea color is actually more complex than the human visual system can perceive.
pea inheritance is different from human inheritance.
single-gene traits are usually influenced by the environment and other genes.
he didn’t count enough peas to draw conclusions.
Answer:
C
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.01 Explain the effect of lethal alleles on Mendelian ratios.
2)
Some combinations of recessive alleles cause problems so severe that a fetus may cease to develop. Such lethal allele combinations appear to alter Mendelian ratios because
carriers do not constitute a progeny class.
they do not show a 1:2:1 genotypic ratio.
homozygotes for the lethal allele do not appear as a progeny class.
homozygotes for the lethal allele pass it on to half their offspring.
Answer:
C
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.01 Explain the effect of lethal alleles on Mendelian ratios.
3)
Marbles is a Manx cat whose tail is so short that she appears not to have one. The genotype for short tail in Manx cats is heterozygous (Mm). Cats that are genotype mm have normal length tails, but cats that are genotype MM die before birth due to highly abnormal brains and spinal cords. Marbles has one copy of a dominant ________ allele.
pleiotropic
penetrant
lethal
polymorphic
Answer:
C
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.01 Explain the effect of lethal alleles on Mendelian ratios.
4)
Hairlessness in dogs is inherited from a single dominant allele. Inheriting two dominant alleles is lethal for an embryo. Ralph and Penelope are both hairless dogs. What is the probability that Penelope will give birth to a puppy with hair?
3/4
1/3
2/3
1/4
Answer:
B
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.01 Explain the effect of lethal alleles on Mendelian ratios.
5)
Hairlessness in dogs is inherited from a single dominant allele. Inheriting two dominant alleles is lethal for an embryo. Penelope, a hairless dog mates with Arnold, a dog with hair. The probability Penelope will have hairless puppies is
3/4.
2/3.
1/4.
1/2.
Answer:
D
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.01 Explain the effect of lethal alleles on Mendelian ratios.
6)
Brittany and Jarod have been trying to have a second child for 10 years. They have one healthy child, but Brittany has had four early, spontaneous abortions. The most likely explanation for the many pregnancy losses is that Brittany and Jarod
are not having sex frequently enough.
are each heterozygous for lethal alleles of the same gene.
are each homozygous for lethal alleles of the same gene.
have different alleles for all of their vital genes.
Answer:
B
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.01 Explain the effect of lethal alleles on Mendelian ratios.
7)
Morris is a big, healthy bull. One spring, he fathers ten calves, but five of them are stillborn, their muscles very rigid in a phenotype called “contracture.” Farm animals often mate with their close relatives. So, three of the dams (mothers of the stillborns) are also Morris’ daughters, and the fourth is his half-sister. The large number of stillborns is most likely due to
recessive lethal alleles that occur as new mutations in the doomed offspring.
dominant non-lethal alleles that Morris shares with his mates.
lethal alleles that Morris shares with his mates.
co-dominance between two lethal alleles.
Answer:
C
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.01 Explain the effect of lethal alleles on Mendelian ratios.
8)
Multiple alleles are common because
RNA is an informational molecule, and many sequences are possible for a particular gene.
proteins are informational molecules, and many amino acid sequences are possible.
a gene sequence can vary in different ways and still encode a functional protein.
there are many humans on the planet.
Answer:
C
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.02 State how DNA structure underlies multiple gene variants.
9)
A gene may have many alleles, but a person has only two alleles for a gene, because
having more than two alleles is always lethal.
a gene can be altered in many ways, but a person has only two copies of any gene.
a genotype is haploid because of meiosis.
having more than two alleles unbalances the chromosomes.
Answer:
B
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.02 State how DNA structure underlies multiple gene variants.
10)
Different alleles that are both expressed in a heterozygote are
dominant.
codominant.
incompletely dominant.
homozygous dominant.
Answer:
B
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.03 Distinguish among complete dominance, incomplete dominance, and codominance.
11)
Familial hypercholesterolemia illustrates incomplete dominance in humans because
heterozygotes have an intermediate number of low-density lipoprotein receptors on their liver cells.
homozygous wild type individuals have an intermediate number of low-density lipoprotein receptors on their liver cells.
heterozygotes have an intermediate number of low-density lipoprotein receptors on their kidney cells.
heterozygotes have the minimal number of high-density lipoprotein receptors on their liver cells.
Answer:
A
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.03 Distinguish among complete dominance, incomplete dominance, and codominance.
12)
The alleles that control which A, B blood group antigens appear on the surfaces of red blood cells are
incompletely dominant.
variably expressed.
codominant.
semidominant.
Answer:
C
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.03 Distinguish among complete dominance, incomplete dominance, and codominance.
13)
If allele T (long tongue) exhibits incomplete dominance over the recessive allele t (short tongue), a heterozygote for this gene would most likely have
a long tongue.
a short tongue.
a tongue that changes length.
a tongue of intermediate length.
Answer:
D
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.03 Distinguish among complete dominance, incomplete dominance, and codominance.
14)
Can a woman with blood type A have a child with blood type O with a man who is AB?
Yes, because of codominance between the IA and IB alleles.
No, because a man with type AB blood could not contribute an i allele.
Yes, because of epistasis between the I and the H genes.
No, because the child’s genotype must be ii.
Answer:
C
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.03 Distinguish among complete dominance, incomplete dominance, and codominance.
15)
Zuzu is a white cat. She is genotype Ww for the “white masking gene” that reduces the number of melanocytes (pigment-containing cells). As a result, her body makes pigment, but it cannot get into the cells where it would color the fur. Zuzu’s white masking gene is ________ to the melanin pigment gene because it prevents full expression of the pigment.
recessive
pleiotropic
epistatic
dominant
Answer:
C
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.04 Distinguish epistasis from allele interactions.
16)
Several members of the Fitzsimmons family have polydactyly, and they differ in their numbers of extra fingers and toes. Yet, certain relatives who should have extra digits don’t, such as Megan Fitzsimmons. She has two children, a son with two extra fingers and a daughter with an extra toe, and her father has an extra digit on each hand and foot. Polydactyly in this family is
variably expressive and incompletely penetrant.
invariably expressive and completely penetrant.
pleiotropic and a phenocopy.
dominant and recessive.
Answer:
A
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.05 Describe how penetrance, expressivity, and pleiotropy affect gene expression.
17)
In Addam’s family, there is an autosomal dominant condition in which webbing attaches the second toe to the third toe and the second toe is longer than the big toe. Only some of the members who have inherited the mutant allele have a second toe longer than the big toe. In addition, the extent of webbing varies. This phenotype is
both inherited and non-inherited.
dominant and recessive.
variably expressive and incompletely penetrant.
invariably expressive and completely penetrant.
Answer:
C
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.05 Describe how penetrance, expressivity, and pleiotropy affect gene expression.
18)
Epistasis and multiple alleles differ in that
epistasis is an interaction between two genes, and multiple alleles are variants of the same gene.
epistasis affects males and multiple alleles occur in females.
epistasis only occurs in genes that have multiple alleles.
in epistasis one gene masks another, but one allele cannot mask the effect of another.
Answer:
A
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.04 Distinguish epistasis from allele interactions.
19)
Clara has alkaptonuria. Her symptoms include back spasms, dark urine, arthritis, hearing loss, kidney stones, heart valve damage, and darkened ear tips. This condition is therefore
genetically heterogenic.
pleiotropic.
dominant.
epistatic.
Answer:
B
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.05 Describe how penetrance, expressivity, and pleiotropy affect gene expression.
20)
In many species, lens crystalline protein aggregates in the eyes to form lenses, yet in other cell types, functions as an enzyme. The gene that encodes this protein is therefore
pleiotropic.
incompletely penetrant.
eclectic.
mutant.
Answer:
A
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.05 Describe how penetrance, expressivity, and pleiotropy affect gene expression.
21)
Of nearly 200 forms of hereditary deafness, 132 are autosomal recessive, 64 autosomal dominant, and 4 X-linked recessive. Hereditary deafness is therefore genetically
heterozygous.
heterogeneous.
heterogametic.
heterosexual.
Answer:
B
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.02 State how DNA structure underlies multiple gene variants.
22)
A man who has normal hearing and has a recessive deafness allele on chromosome 17 marries a woman who also has normal hearing and also has a recessive deafness allele, but this allele is on chromosome 3. The probability that their children will be deaf due to either of these mutated genes is closest to
100%.
50%.
25%.
0%.
Answer:
D
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.02 State how DNA structure underlies multiple gene variants.
23)
A trait caused by an environmental influence that appears to be inherited is
pleiotropic.
a phenocopy.
incompletely penetrant.
multigenic.
Answer:
B
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.06 Explain how a phenocopy can appear to be inherited.
24)
Marfan syndrome can be caused by mutations in either of two genes involved in the disorder, but mutations in one of the genes blocks activity of the other. This means that Marfan syndrome demonstrates
variable expressivity and complete penetrance.
an acquired phenotype.
late onset and early onset.
genetic heterogeneity and epistasis.
Answer:
D
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.01 Explain the effect of lethal alleles on Mendelian ratios.; 05.04 Distinguish epistasis from allele interactions.
25)
Having a mutation in some mitochondrial chromosomes but not others is called
heterogamy.
heteroplasmy.
heterogeneity.
heterozygosity.
Answer:
B
Section:
05.02
Topic:
Mitochondrial inheritance
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.07 Describe the mode of inheritance of a mitochondrial trait.
26)
A mitochondrial trait passes from
mothers to all children.
fathers to daughters only.
mothers to daughters only.
fathers to sons only.
Answer:
A
Section:
05.02
Topic:
Mitochondrial inheritance
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.07 Describe the mode of inheritance of a mitochondrial trait.
27)
Mitochondrial DNA differs from nuclear DNA in that it
crosses over within the same strand.
is inherited from the father only.
is present only in cells of the nervous and muscular systems.
is poorer at DNA repair.
Answer:
D
Section:
05.02
Topic:
Mitochondrial inheritance
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.08 Explain how mitochondrial DNA differs from nuclear DNA.
28)
Which of the following is an illness caused by a mutation in mitochondrial DNA?
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Hemophilia
Leigh syndrome
Marfan syndrome
Answer:
C
Section:
05.02
Topic:
Mitochondrial inheritance
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.07 Describe the mode of inheritance of a mitochondrial trait.
29)
The mitochondrial genome consists of ________ genes.
12
37
250
370
Answer:
B
Section:
05.02
Topic:
Mitochondrial inheritance
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.08 Explain how mitochondrial DNA differs from nuclear DNA.
30)
Mitochondrial disorders tend to cause great fatigue because
nerve cells are filled with mitochondria.
muscle cells are normally filled with mitochondria.
affected cells do not use their mitochondrial DNA.
lysosomes dismantle the mitochondria in muscle cells.
Answer:
B
Section:
05.02
Topic:
Mitochondrial inheritance
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.07 Describe the mode of inheritance of a mitochondrial trait.
31)
Mitochondrial disorders are probably very rare because
people have many mitochondria, so the healthy ones can substitute for the affected ones.
the oocytes with harmful mitochondrial mutations do not have sufficient energy to survive.
they are difficult to diagnose because most physicians have forgotten what mitochondria are.
they are not inherited from the father.
Answer:
B
Section:
05.02
Topic:
Mitochondrial inheritance
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.07 Describe the mode of inheritance of a mitochondrial trait.
32)
In common English, “linkage” refers to one event that tends to occur when another does. In genetics, linkage has a precise meaning. It refers to the transmission of
two genes that have the same effect.
two genes on different chromosomes.
two genes on the same chromosome.
genotype and phenotype to an offspring.
Answer:
C
Section:
05.03
Topic:
Linkage
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.09 Explain how linked traits are inherited differently from Mendelian traits.
33)
When researchers analyzed the remains of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his family, they found that the suspected Tsar and his living great-grandniece Xenia differed at nucleotide position 16169 in the mitochondrial DNA. Retesting the remains showed that for this site in the mitochondrial genome, the purported Tsar had thymine (T) in some samples and cytosine (C) in others. The most likely cause of this finding is
the samples were too old.
incomplete dominance.
pleiotropy.
heteroplasmy.
Answer:
D
Section:
05.02
Topic:
Mitochondrial inheritance
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.07 Describe the mode of inheritance of a mitochondrial trait.
34)
Genes that are situated close on a chromosome
do not affect one another.
do not cross over.
do not assort independently.
produces Mendelian ratios for crosses tracking two or more genes.
Answer:
C
Section:
05.03
Topic:
Linkage
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.09 Explain how linked traits are inherited differently from Mendelian traits.
35)
In a heterozygote for two linked genes, both dominant alleles are on one chromosome and both recessive alleles are on another chromosome. The genes are said to be in
recombination.
repulsion.
cis.
trans.
Answer:
C
Section:
05.03
Topic:
Linkage
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.10 Discuss the basis of linkage in meiosis.
36)
A, B, and C are linked genes. Recombination between A and B is 3%; between A and C is 6%; and between B and C is 9%. What is the order of these genes on the chromosome?
A-B-C
A-C-B
B-C-A
B-A-C
Answer:
D
Section:
05.03
Topic:
Linkage
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.11 Explain how linkage is the basis of genetic maps and genome-wide association studies.
37)
Geneticists construct linkage maps of chromosomes by
correlating a phenotype to an observable chromosomal abnormality.
determining the number of crossovers between genes on different chromosomes.
calculating the percent recombination between two genes on the same chromosome.
observing the number of genes on a chromosome.
Answer:
C
Section:
05.03
Topic:
Linkage
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.11 Explain how linkage is the basis of genetic maps and genome-wide association studies.
38)
LOD (logarithm of the odds) scores are used to indicate linkage between genes. A LOD score of ________ or greater is a strong indicator of linkage.
0.5
1
2
3
Answer:
D
Section:
05.03
Topic:
Linkage
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.11 Explain how linkage is the basis of genetic maps and genome-wide association studies.
39)
A and B are linked genes. In a study of 100 offspring, 94 had parental genotypes for A and B, while 6 were recombinants. A and B are ________ map units apart.
4
6
9.4
94
Answer:
B
Section:
05.03
Topic:
Linkage
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.11 Explain how linkage is the basis of genetic maps and genome-wide association studies.
40)
A popular research technique used to associate patterns of genetic variation with phenotypes that is based on the concept of linkage, but considering all of the chromosomes at once, is
gene expression profiling.
genome sequencing.
genome-wide association studies.
assisted reproductive technologies.
Answer:
C
Section:
05.03
Topic:
Linkage
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.11 Explain how linkage is the basis of genetic maps and genome-wide association studies.
41)
Types of genetic markers include
places in the genome where a base varies among individuals in a population.
places in the genome where all people have identical base sequences.
the types of mRNAs in a cell.
the proteins produced in a cell.
Answer:
A
Section:
05.03
Topic:
Linkage
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.11 Explain how linkage is the basis of genetic maps and genome-wide association studies.
TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS
42)
Genetic heterogeneity refers to mutations in different genes that cause the same symptoms.
Answer:
True
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.02 State how DNA structure underlies multiple gene variants.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
43)
Children who have AIDS may have parents who have AIDS, but this is a result of viral infection, not inheritance of a mutation. This is an example of
Pleiotropy
Phenocopy
Codominance
Genetic heterogeneity
Answer:
B
Section:
05.01
Topic:
Factors that alter Mendelian ratios
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.06 Explain how a phenocopy can appear to be inherited.
44)
In meiosis, genes that are found close together on a chromosome
are usually inherited together.
usually exhibit crossing over.
are usually assorted independently.
are usually in trans.
Answer:
A
Section:
05.03
Topic:
Linkage
Bloom’s:
Learning Outcome:
05.10 Discuss the basis of linkage in meiosis.
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