Inquiry Into Life 15Th Edition By Sylvia Mader - Test Bank

Inquiry Into Life 15Th Edition By Sylvia Mader – Test Bank

 

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Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 05

Cell Division

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The mitotic stage of cell division consists of
   A. DNA synthesis and DNA degradation.
   B.  mitosis and cytokinesis.
   C.  duplication and division.
   D.  cell growth and cell death.
   E.  meiosis and mitosis.

Both mitosis and cytokinesis occur during the mitotic stage of cell division.  Duplication occurs during the S phase.  Cell death and meiosis are not parts of mitosis.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01.02 Describe the stages of the cell cycle and what occurs in each stage.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Cell Cycle

2. The cell cycle consists of
   A. mitosis and interphase.
   B.  meiosis and interphase.
   C.  prophase and interphase.
   D.  metaphase and interphase.
   E.  changes from a haploid to a diploid state.

The cell cycle includes mitosis and interphase.  Prophase and metaphase are parts of mitosis.  The cell stays in the diploid state.  Meiosis is not part of the cell cycle.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01.02 Describe the stages of the cell cycle and what occurs in each stage.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Cell Cycle

 

 

3. Following a cut or scrape, which process repairs your skin?
   A. meiosis
   B.  meiosis and mitosis
   C.  mitosis
   D.  mitosis and apoptosis
   E.  apoptosis

Mitosis is responsible for repair of injury.  Meiosis occurs in the reproductive cells and apoptosis results in cell death.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Distinguish between the two processes that change the number of cells in the body.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Mitosis

4. Which is NOT a correct association?
   A. S stage-DNA synthesis
   B.  M stage-mitosis and cytokinesis
   C.  interphase-shortest stage of the cell cycle
   D.  G₁ stage-cell grows in size and cell organelles increase in number
   E.  G₂ stage-metabolic preparation for mitosis

Interphase is the longest part of the cell cycle.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01.02 Describe the stages of the cell cycle and what occurs in each stage.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Cell Cycle

 

 

5. When does apoptosis occur?
   A. during development
   B.  during interphase
   C.  during mitosis
   D.  during meiosis
   E.  during injury repair

Apoptosis occurs normally during devleopment to remove unwanted tissue.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Distinguish between the two processes that change the number of cells in the body.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Apoptosis

 

True / False Questions

6. The only function of apoptosis is to destroy healthy cells when they become damaged or infected.
   FALSE

Apoptosis is a normal part of the development process.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Distinguish between the two processes that change the number of cells in the body.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Apoptosis

 

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

7. Which of the following is the correct sequence for the cell cycle?
   A. S-M-G₁-G₂
   B.  S-M-G₂-G₁
   C.  S-G₁-G₁-M
   D.  S-G₂-M-G₁
   E.  S-G₁-M-G₂

The order of the cell cycle is G₁, S, G₂, and M.  Since it is a cycle, you can start at any point, but the order of the stages will be the same.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01.02 Describe the stages of the cell cycle and what occurs in each stage.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Cell Cycle

8. During interphase,
   A. the cell begins to die.
   B.  the cell rounds up and detaches from its neighbors.
   C.  two nuclei split.
   D.  the cell is at rest.
   E.  hereditary material duplicates itself.

During the S phase of interphase, DNA duplicates itself.  Interphase is a very active time.  The nucleus splits during mitosis.  A cell rounds up and begins to die in apoptosis.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01.02 Describe the stages of the cell cycle and what occurs in each stage.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Cell Cycle

 

 

 

True / False Questions

9. Technically, mitosis refers to nuclear division and NOT cytoplasmic division.
   TRUE

Mitosis is nuclear division while cytokinesis is cytoplasmic division.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01.02 Describe the stages of the cell cycle and what occurs in each stage.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Mitosis

 

Multiple Choice Questions

10. Upon examination, a cell is found to have twice as much DNA as the normal diploid state but is no longer in the process of replicating the DNA.  All of the DNA is found within a single nucleus.  Which stage of the cell cycle is this cell in?
    A. M phase
    B.  S phase
    C.  G1 phase
    D.  G2 phase
    E.  cytokinesis

The cell has finished DNA replication (S phase) but has not started mitosis (M).  Therefore, it must be in G2.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.01.02 Describe the stages of the cell cycle and what occurs in each stage.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Cell Cycle

 

 

11. Which of the following descriptions does not occur during apoptosis?
    A. cell rounds up
    B.  cells lose contact with neighbors
    C.  nucleus fragments
    D.  DNA is duplicated
    E.  plasma membrane develops blisters

DNA is not duplicated during apoptosis.  All of the other stages occur.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Distinguish between the two processes that change the number of cells in the body.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Apoptosis

12. During which stage of the cell cycle do the chromosomes duplicate?
    A. prophase
    B.  anaphase
    C.  interphase
    D.  telophase
    E.  mitosis

DNA synthesis and the duplication of the chromosomes occurs during the S phase of interphase.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01.02 Describe the stages of the cell cycle and what occurs in each stage.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Cell Cycle

 

 

13. Which of the following best characterizes apoptosis?
    A. Apoptosis is bad for an organism.
    B.  The stages of apoptosis are different in each cell type.
    C.  Apoptosis happens accidentally to healthy cells.
    D.  Apoptosis plays a normal role in development and cancer prevention.
    E.  Apoptosis results in our going from a fertilized egg to trillions of cells.

Apoptosis plays a normal role in the body, so it is not always bad.  It is highly regulated and does not happen accidentally.  The stages of apoptosis are always the same.  Cell division results in our going from a fertilized egg to trillions of cells.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Distinguish between the two processes that change the number of cells in the body.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Apoptosis

14. There are two sets of caspases operating during apoptosis.  Which of the following statements does not correctly characterize the role of these caspases?
    A. One set of caspases are called initators because they receive a signal to activate the second set.
    B.  One set of capsases are called executioners because they dismantle the cell.
    C.  Caspases can be unleashed by either internal or external signals.
    D.  Caspases are normally active during the entire cell cycle.
    E.  Caspases are responsible for the typical stages a cell goes through during apoptosis.

Caspases are normally held inactive by inhibitors inside the cell.

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Distinguish between the two processes that change the number of cells in the body.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Apoptosis

 

 

15. Which of the following is not true concerning the checkpoints in the cell cycle?
    A. Mitosis stops if chromosomes are not properly aligned.
    B.  Mitosis will not occur if DNA is damaged or not replicated.
    C.  If DNA is damaged, apoptosis may occur.
    D.  The first checkpoint is located in the S phase of interphase.
    E.  Cyclins must be present at certain stages to advance to the next stage.

The first checkpoint is located in the G1 phase of interphase.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.02.02 Describe the checkpoints for the cell cycle.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Cell Cycle

16. Which of the following is not involved in the regulation of the cell cycle?
    A. cyclins
    B.  internal and external signals
    C.  growth factors
    D.  checkpoints
    E.  caspases

Caspases are involved in apoptosis.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.02.01 Distinguish between internal and external controls of the cell cycle.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Cell Cycle

 

 

17. Growth factors that are transported through the blood play what role in the cell cycle?
    A. an internal signal that tells the cell to stop dividing and repair its DNA
    B.  an internal signal that functions as an executioner
    C.  an internal signal to tell the cell which stage of the cell cycle to enter next
    D.  an external signal to tell the cell how long it should spend in each phase of the cell cycle
    E.  an external signal to tell the cell whether or not to divide

A growth factor would be an external signal.  External signals tell a cell whether or not to divide.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.02.01 Distinguish between internal and external controls of the cell cycle.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Mitosis

18. If a cell stops at the G1 checkpoint, this is most likely due to what problem?
    A. The DNA has not finished replicating.
    B.  The chromosomes are not aligned properly.
    C.  There is DNA damage.
    D.  The cell is cancerous.
    E.  There is no problem.  The cell normally stops at the G1 checkpoint.

The cell stops at the first checkpoint during G1 if there is DNA damage or if there is not enough building blocks available to proceed.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.02.02 Describe the checkpoints for the cell cycle.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Cell Cycle

 

 

19. Which of the following proteins would you expect to be a coded for by a proto-oncogene?
    A. a growth factor receptor
    B.  a DNA repair protein
    C.  a protein involved with the G1 checkpoint
    D.  a caspase
    E.  a DNA replication protein

Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that stimulate the cell cycle.  Therefore, a growth factor receptor would be a proto-oncogene.  The other proteins are involved in apoptosis (caspase), stopping the cell cycle (G1 checkpoint protein), or replicating the DNA after the signal has been given (DNA repair and replication proteins).

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.02.03 Differentiate between the role of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in regulating the cell cycle.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Cell Cycle

20. Which type of genes, when abnormally activated so that protein is always present and active, can result in cancer?
    A. tumor suppressor genes
    B.  initator caspase genes
    C.  proto-oncogenes
    D.  DNA repair protein genes
    E.  executioner caspase genes

When proto-oncogenes are abnormally activated, they become oncogenes which cause cancer.  If the other genes are abnormally activated, they would prevent cancer.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.02.03 Differentiate between the role of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in regulating the cell cycle.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Cancer

 

 

21. The genes that code for the proteins of the signaling pathway could be classified as
    A. proto-oncogenes.
    B.  caspase genes.
    C.  DNA repair genes.
    D.  tumor suppressor genes.
    E.  cyclin genes.

The signaling pathway promotes cell division.  Therefore these genes would be considered proto-oncogenes.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.02.03 Differentiate between the role of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in regulating the cell cycle.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Cancer

22. Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of
    A. DNA.
    B.  protein.
    C.  histones.
    D.  chromatin.
    E.  RNA.

Chromosomes are composed of chromatin, a combination of both DNA and protein.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03.01 Explain the role of mitosis and how it maintains the chromosome number of a cell.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Chromosome Structure

 

 

23. Which is NOT a correct association?
    A. cytokinesis-division of the cytoplasm
    B.  centromere-point where sister chromatids remain attached
    C.  haploid-one of each chromosome
    D.  sister chromatids-two identical chromosome strands still attached at the centromere
    E.  mitosis-when a cell duplicates and then divides twice to reduce chromosome number by half

Mitosis is when a cell duplicates and then divides once, leaving the chromosome number the same.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03.01 Explain the role of mitosis and how it maintains the chromosome number of a cell.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Mitosis

24. Which of the following is not true of the chromosomes in a cell undergoing mitosis?
    A. They are highly compacted.
    B.  They are available for RNA synthesis.
    C.  They have histones bound to them.
    D.  They are found within the cell nucleus.
    E.  They are present in the diploid number.

During mitosis, the chromosomes are highly compacted and are not available for RNA synthesis.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03.01 Explain the role of mitosis and how it maintains the chromosome number of a cell.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Chromosome Structure

 

 

25. In humans, the diploid number of chromosomes is
    A. 20.
    B.  46.
    C.  23.
    D.  variable depending on whether male or female.
    E.  92.

Humans have 46 chromosomes.  2n = 46.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03.01 Explain the role of mitosis and how it maintains the chromosome number of a cell.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Chromosome Structure

 

True / False Questions

26. The length of DNA in each chromosome is longer than the diameter of the animal cell.
    TRUE

A human cell contains at least 2 m of DNA, yet the nucleus is only about 5 um in diameter.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03.01 Explain the role of mitosis and how it maintains the chromosome number of a cell.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Chromosome Structure

27. Microtubules found in spindle fibers are capable of assembling and disassembling.
    TRUE

Microtubules assemble and disassemble to move the chromosomes.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03.01 Explain the role of mitosis and how it maintains the chromosome number of a cell.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Mitosis

 

 

28. The chromatids are held together at a region called the centromere.
    TRUE

The two sister chromatids are held together by the centromere.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03.02 Summarize the major events that occur during mitosis and cytokinesis.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Chromosome Structure

29. The overall cell cycle is dramatically different for animals than for plant cells.
    FALSE

There are only minor differences in the cell cycle between animals and plant cells.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03.03 Compare and contrast mitosis and cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Mitosis

30. Centrioles are necessary to the process of mitosis in all organisms.
    FALSE

Because plants do not have centrioles, they cannot be absolutely necessary to the process of mitosis.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03.03 Compare and contrast mitosis and cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Mitosis

 

 

31. During mitosis, separation of the sister chromatids ensures that each daughter cell will receive two copies of each type of chromosome.
    FALSE

Each daughter cell only receives one copy of each type of chromosome.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03.01 Explain the role of mitosis and how it maintains the chromosome number of a cell.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Chromosome Structure

 

Multiple Choice Questions

32. Which of the following best describes the role of histones?
    A. Histones play a role in coding for hereditary features.
    B.  Histones make RNA synthesis possible.
    C.  Histones determine the structure of the chromosome.
    D.  Histones are not thought to play any role in the cell.
    E.  Histones determine the diploid number of chromosomes.

Histones play a structural role in the chromosome.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03.01 Explain the role of mitosis and how it maintains the chromosome number of a cell.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Chromosome Structure

 

 

 

True / False Questions

33. Chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibers in order to move to and from the equator.
    TRUE

Spindle fibers made up of microtubules are responsible for the movement of the chromosomes during mitosis.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03.02 Summarize the major events that occur during mitosis and cytokinesis.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Chromosome Structure

 

Multiple Choice Questions

34. You are looking at chromosome 1 in a human being.  Assuming there is no crossing over, what is the source of all the genes on this chromosome?
    A. mother
    B.  father
    C.  either the mother or father
    D.  a combination of both mother and father
    E.  it is impossible to tell given this information

If there was no crossing over, all of the genes on a particular chromosome would originate with either the mother or the father.

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 05.04.01 Summarize the purpose of meiosis.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Meiosis

 

 

35. If the total number of chromosomes in a cell is six, then after mitosis there will be
    A. six chromosomes in each daughter cell.
    B.  three chromosomes in each daughter cell.
    C.  12 chromosomes in each daughter cell.
    D.  two chromosomes in each daughter cell.
    E.  three chromosomes in one daughter cell and six chromosomes in the other cell.

Mitosis results in daughter cells with the exact same number of chromosomes as in the mother cell.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.03.01 Explain the role of mitosis and how it maintains the chromosome number of a cell.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Mitosis

36. If a crayfish has 200 total chromosomes in its body cells (not ovaries or testes),
    A. any 100 could have been from its father and any 100 from its mother.
    B.  they would consist of 100 pairs with one of each pair from the father, one of each pair from the mother.
    C.  as many as none to 200 came from the father and conversely, from 200 to none would have come from the mother.
    D.  50 pairs or 100 total would come from the father and 50 pairs from the mother.
    E.  all 200 come from the mother in a female crayfish, all 200 from the father in a male crayfish.

In the diploid organism, there are two of each type of chromosome (a pair), one from the mother and one from the father.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.04.01 Summarize the purpose of meiosis.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Meiosis

 

 

37. Which of the following are genetically identical?
    A. both members of a pair of chromosomes
    B.  sister chromatids
    C.  the mother’s and the father’s chromosomes
    D.  the mother’s and her child’s chromosomes
    E.  the father’s and his child’s chromosomes

Sister chromatids are genetically identical.  Both members of a pair of chromosomes and the mother’s and father’s chromosomes have the same genes in the same order, but they are not genetically identical.  A child’s chromosomes are not identical to either parent’s chromosomes.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.04.01 Summarize the purpose of meiosis.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Chromosome Structure

38. During what stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope disappear and the chromosomes become distinct?
    A. interphase
    B.  prophase
    C.  metaphase
    D.  anaphase
    E.  telophase

During prophase, the nuclear membrane breaks down and the chromosomes appear.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03.02 Summarize the major events that occur during mitosis and cytokinesis.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Mitosis

 

 

39. Which sequence of stages in mitosis is correct?
    A. prophase, metaphase, interphase, telophase
    B.  metaphase, anaphase, prophase, telophase
    C.  anaphase, interphase, telophase, prophase
    D.  prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
    E.  interphase, metaphase, prophase, anaphase

The stages of mitosis, in the correct order, are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03.02 Summarize the major events that occur during mitosis and cytokinesis.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Mitosis

40. In which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell?
    A. interphase.
    B.  prophase.
    C.  metaphase.
    D.  anaphase.
    E.  telophase.

The chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate (generally in the middle of the cell) during metaphase.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03.02 Summarize the major events that occur during mitosis and cytokinesis.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Mitosis

 

 

41. During which phases of the cell cycle do the chromosomes look like Xs?
    A. prophase, anaphase
    B.  anaphase, metaphase
    C.  metaphase, telophase
    D.  prophase, metaphase
    E.  anaphase, telophase

The X shape is due to the presence of both sister chromatids.  Both are present during prophase and metaphase, but separate during anaphase and telophase.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03.02 Summarize the major events that occur during mitosis and cytokinesis.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Mitosis

42. The nuclear membrane reappears in mitosis during
    A. interphase.
    B.  prophase.
    C.  metaphase.
    D.  anaphase.
    E.  telophase.

The nuclear membrane reappears during telophase.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03.02 Summarize the major events that occur during mitosis and cytokinesis.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Mitosis

 

 

43. In plant cells, what is responsible for organizing the spindle?
    A. centrosomes
    B.  centrioles
    C.  microtubules
    D.  asters
    E.  centromeres

The centrosomes organize the spindle in both animals and plants.  Centrioles and asters are not present in plant cells.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03.03 Compare and contrast mitosis and cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Mitosis

44. How does cell division differ between animal and plant cells?
    A. Animal cells lack centrioles and no spindle forms during cell division.
    B.  Plant cells form a cleavage furrow or indentation of membrane between new daughter cells.
    C.  Plant cells resort to binary fission.
    D.  The cell plate is the final partitioning of plant cells.
    E.  There is no difference. Plant cells and animal cells undergo the same cellular processes during mitosis.

Plants form a cell plate instead of a cleavage furrow during telophase.  Plant cells lack centrioles.  Bacteria undergo binary fission.

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 05.03.03 Compare and contrast mitosis and cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Cell Cycle

 

 

45. You are examining a cell under the microscope that is undergoing cell division and cannot find any asters.  What else would not be present in this cell?
    A. a cell plate
    B.  centrosomes
    C.  a spindle
    D.  a cleavage furrow
    E.  chromosomes

This must be a plant cell, so it would also not have a cleavage furrow.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03.03 Compare and contrast mitosis and cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Mitosis

46. What forms the contractile ring in animal cells?
    A. membrane vesicles
    B.  actin filaments
    C.  cellulose fibrils
    D.  cell wall
    E.  histones

The contractile ring is formed of actin filaments.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03.03 Compare and contrast mitosis and cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Mitosis

 

 

47. Meiosis results in a change in chromosome number indicated by
    A. 2n to 2n.
    B.  2n to n.
    C.  n to 2n.
    D.  n to n.
    E.  2n to 2n in diploid organisms, n to n in haploid.

Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, 2n to n.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04.01 Summarize the purpose of meiosis.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Meiosis

48. If the diploid chromosome number is 16, the chromosome number of each gamete will be
    A. 4.
    B.  8.
    C.  12.
    D.  16.
    E.  32.

A gamete results from meiosis, so the chromosome number would be divided in half.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04.01 Summarize the purpose of meiosis.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Meiosis

 

 

49. An organism has 8 pairs of chromosomes.  If the sperm and egg did not undergo meiosis, how many chromosomes would be present in a cell that resulted from the fusion of a sperm and egg?
    A. 8
    B.  16
    C.  24
    D.  32
    E.  64

Eight pairs of chromosomes are 16 chromosomes.  Fusion without meiosis would result in the next generation having 32 chromosomes.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04.01 Summarize the purpose of meiosis.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Meiosis

50. We presume that meiosis evolved later than mitosis. What process would not have to evolve in cells undergoing meiosis in order to make this transition?
    A. Homologous chromosomes would have to pair up.
    B.  An additional division would have to occur, but without a second DNA replication.
    C.  Sister chromosomes do not separate at first anaphase; centromeres hold until second division.
    D.  a method of lining up single chromosomes along the metaphase plate
    E.  fertilization processes to restore the diploid number in an organism

The chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate in both meiosis and mitosis.  The other steps are unique to meiosis.

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 05.04.01 Summarize the purpose of meiosis.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Meiosis

 

 

51. Synapsis occurs during what stage of meiosis?
    A. anaphase I
    B.  telophase II
    C.  metaphase II
    D.  prophase I
    E.  anaphase II

Synapsis occurs during prophase I.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Describe the events of meiosis.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Meiosis

52. Without considering the variation provided by crossing-over, how much will two siblings from one set of parents vary from each other?
    A. All siblings from the same parents are identical to each other and demonstrate traits that are exactly halfway between their parents’ traits.
    B.  Siblings receive 100% of one parent’s genes or the other parent’s genes so they will either be identical if they receive the same parent’s genes, or nothing alike if they receive different parent’s genes.
    C.  Siblings inherit essentially 50% of their genes from each parent, but two sibling offspring may share with each other from zero to 23 chromosomes in common from each parent and therefore vary widely from each other.
    D.  Siblings inherit copies of the same 23 pair of chromosomes from each parent and only crossing-over provides any differences between siblings.
    E.  There is one chance in 23 of getting identical sets of chromosomes from one parent, times two because there are two parents; therefore two siblings out of 46 will be identical except for the extent of crossing-over.

Siblings each receive half of their chromosomes from each parent.  Which half they receive is random, so siblings can share from zero to 23 chromsomes in common from each parent.

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 05.04.01 Summarize the purpose of meiosis.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Meiosis

 

 

 

True / False Questions

53. Homologous chromosomes are genetically identical to each other.
    FALSE

Homologous chromosomes have the same genes in the same order, but they are not genetically identical.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04.02 Explain what is meant by the term homologous chromosomes.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homologous Chromosomes

 

Multiple Choice Questions

54. During crossing-over,
    A. chromosomes switch poles.
    B.  mitosis becomes meiosis.
    C.  chromatin becomes chromosomes.
    D.  chromosomes become chromatin.
    E.  chromatids exchange segments of genetic material.

Crossing-over results in the exchange of genetic material between chromatids.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Describe the events of meiosis.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Meiosis

 

 

55. Would it be possible to observe crossing-over between sister chromatids?  Why or why not?
    A. No.  Crossing-over is not observable.
    B.  No.  Sister chromatids are not present within the same nucleus.
    C.  No, since crossing-over does not occur between sister chromatids.
    D.  Yes.  Sister chromatids look different from each other.
    E.  Yes.  One sister chromatid comes from mother and one comes from father.

Since sister chromatids are genetically identical, you cannot observe crossing-over between them unless you label each chromatid in some manner.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Describe the events of meiosis.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Meiosis

56. During what stage do homologous chromosomes separate from each other?
    A. prophase
    B.  anaphase I
    C.  anaphase II
    D.  metaphase I
    E.  metaphase II

Homologous chromsomes separate during anaphase I.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.04.02 Explain what is meant by the term homologous chromosomes.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homologous Chromosomes

 

 

57. During what stage of meiosis do sister chromatids separate from each other?
    A. prophase
    B.  anaphase I
    C.  anaphase II
    D.  metaphase I
    E.  metaphase II

Sister chromatids separate from each other in anaphase II.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Describe the events of meiosis.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Meiosis

58. You are examining a cell under the microscope and see what appear to be four sister chromatids bound together and remnants of the nuclear envelope.  What stage of meiosis are you looking at?
    A. prophase I
    B.  prophase II
    C.  metaphase I
    D.  metaphase II
    E.  telophase I

The two homologous chromosomes, composed of four sister chromatids, are only together during prophase I.  The remnants of the nuclear envelope are also seen during prophase I.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Describe the events of meiosis.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Meiosis

 

 

59. You are looking at a cell under the microscope, and see what appears to be several “X” structures being pulled to each side of the cell.  What stage of meiosis are you looking at?
    A. prophase I
    B.  prophase II
    C.  metaphase I
    D.  anaphase I
    E.  anaphase II

The X structure is composed of two sister chromatids.  Therefore, you are looking at homologous chromosomes separating.  Therefore, this is anaphase I.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Describe the events of meiosis.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Meiosis

 

True / False Questions

60. Replication of the DNA for meiosis occurs between telophase I and prophase II.
    FALSE

Replication of the DNA for meiosis occurs prior to prophase I.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.04.03 Describe the events of meiosis.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Meiosis

61. Crossing-over is the only factor that is responsible for the variation that exists between offspring of one set of parents.
    FALSE

Both crossing-over and independent assortment are both responsible for the variation between offspring.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04.01 Summarize the purpose of meiosis.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Meiosis

 

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

62. The second meiotic division is essentially a mitotic division except for the fact that the cells produced are
    A. haploid.
    B.  diploid.
    C.  polyploid.
    D.  autosomal.
    E.  somatic.

The cells are haploid following meiosis.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.05.02 Identify the differences in the behavior of homologous chromosomes in meiosis and mitosis.
Section: 05.05
Topic: Meiosis Versus Mitosis

 

True / False Questions

63. Mitotic division is the normal process of cell reproduction to build and maintain the body of an organism, while meiosis takes place only in the formation of gametes for reproduction.
    TRUE

This correctly describes the role of meiosis and mitosis.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.05.01 Compare and contrast the processes of meiosis and mitosis.
Section: 05.05
Topic: Meiosis Versus Mitosis

 

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

64. What lines up at the metaphase plate during both metaphase I of meiosis and metaphase of mitosis?
    A. each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids at both
    B.  homologous chromosomes at both
    C.  each chromosome composed of two sister chromatids for meiosis, each chromosome is composed of one sister chromatid for mitosis
    D.  homologous chromosomes for meiosis, each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids for mitosis
    E.  each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids for meiosis, homologous chromosomes for mitosis

Homologous chromsomes line up at the metaphase plate during metaphase I of meiosis.  Each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids that line up at the metaphase plate of metaphase during mitosis.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.05.01 Compare and contrast the processes of meiosis and mitosis.
Section: 05.05
Topic: Meiosis Versus Mitosis

65. What lines up at the metaphase plate during metaphase II of meiosis and metaphase of mitosis?
    A. each chromosome composed of two sister chromatids at both
    B.  homologous chromosomes at both
    C.  each chromosome composed of two sister chromatids for meiosis, each chromosome composed of one sister chromatid for mitosis
    D.  homologous chromosomes for meiosis, each chromosome composed of two sister chromatids for mitosis
    E.  each chromosome composed of two sister chromatids for meiosis, homologous chromosomes for mitosis

Each chromosome composed of two sister chromatids lines up at the metaphase plate during both metaphase II of meiosis and metaphase of mitosis.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.05.02 Identify the differences in the behavior of homologous chromosomes in meiosis and mitosis.
Section: 05.05
Topic: Meiosis Versus Mitosis

 

 

66. The formation of sperm gametes is termed
    A. oogenesis.
    B.  homologous formation.
    C.  spermatogenesis.
    D.  meiosis.
    E.  mitosis.

Spermatogenesis is the formation of sperm in human males.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.06.02 Explain the process of gamete production in both males and females.
Section: 05.06
Topic: Gametogenesis

67. A basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that in oogenesis
    A. four functional eggs are produced.
    B.  mitosis instead of meiosis occurs.
    C.  both sperm and egg are produced.
    D.  one functional egg is produced.
    E.  the chromosome number is not divided in half.

Only one functional, haploid egg is produced via meiosis in oogenesis.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.06.02 Explain the process of gamete production in both males and females.
Section: 05.06
Topic: Gametogenesis

 

 

68. Which of the following statements is NOT true about oogenesis in humans?
    A. It occurs in the ovary.
    B.  The egg will contain 23 chromosomes.
    C.  Four equal size daughter cells will form.
    D.  At least two nonfunctional polar bodies will form.
    E.  Once started, it will not necessarily go to completion.

One egg and two or three much smaller polar bodies are formed during oogenesis.  The resulting cells are not all of the same size.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.06.02 Explain the process of gamete production in both males and females.
Section: 05.06
Topic: Gametogenesis

69. Which of the following is not a reason why two children born to the same parents (not identical twins) are unlikely to have the same genetic makeup?
    A. Crossing-over recombines portions of sister chromatids.
    B.  Fertilization provides a new pairing of chromosomes.
    C.  Each sperm or egg has a random assortment of chromosomes, half from each pair.
    D.  Chromosomes align themselves independently during meiosis I.
    E.  Since they are produced at different times, all sperm will be genetically different from all other sperm.

Sperm are not all genetically identical due to independent assortment and crossing-over during meiosis, not because they are produced at different times.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.06.02 Explain the process of gamete production in both males and females.
Section: 05.06
Topic: Gametogenesis

 

 

 

True / False Questions

70. It is the secondary oocyte and not the egg that the sperm fertilizes to form a diploid organism.
    TRUE

If the secondary oocyte is fertilized, it completes meiosis II to form an egg and a second polar body.  The sperm combines with the egg and forms a diploid organism.

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 05.06.01 Describe the human life cycle in terms of haploid and diploid cells.
Section: 05.06
Topic: Gametogenesis

 

Multiple Choice Questions

71. What is the difference between the chromosomes in a secondary spermatocyte and those in a spermatid?
    A. the chromosomes in secondary spermatocytes consist of two chromatids, the ones in the spermatid consist of only one chromatid
    B.  the chromosomes in a secondary spermatocyte consist of homologous chromosomes, the ones in the spermatid consist of two chromatids
    C.  the chromosomes in the secondary spermatocyte consist of one chromatid, the ones in the spermatid consist of two chromatids
    D.  the secondary spermatocyte is diploid, the spermatid is haploid
    E.  the secondary spermatocyte is haploid, the spermatid is diploid

Both cells are haploid, but the secondary spermatocyte has not completed meiosis II and so the chromosomes consist of two chromatids.  The spermatid has completed meiosis and so the chromosomes consist of only one chromatid.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.06.02 Explain the process of gamete production in both males and females.
Section: 05.06
Topic: Gametogenesis

 

 

 

True / False Questions

72. The only haploid stage in the animal life cycle is the gamete.
    TRUE

Only the sperm and egg are haploid in animals.

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.06.01 Describe the human life cycle in terms of haploid and diploid cells.
Section: 05.06
Topic: Gametogenesis

 

Short Answer Questions

73. Indicate the portions of the cell cycle that contain checkpoints and what the checkpoint controls.

G₁ contains the first checkpoint.  This one determines if conditions are favorable to begin the cell cycle. G₂ also contains a checkpoint that determines if the DNA replication is proceeding correctly.  Metaphase contains a checkpoint to determine if the chromosomes are aligned correctly.

 

Bloom’s Level: 6. Create
Learning Outcome: 05.02.02 Describe the checkpoints for the cell cycle.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Cell Cycle

 

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

74. Which of the following events would be controlled by an external signal?
    A. cell division
    B.  Prophase proceeds into metaphase.
    C.  The chromosomes align at the equatorial plane before the cell begins anaphase.
    D.  All of the DNA is copied before the cell enters into the G₂ phase.
    E.  All of the answer choices are controlled by an external signal.

External signals tell the cell whether or not to divide.  Cell division is the only one that would be regulated by external signals.  Internal signals ensure that the stages follow one another in the normal sequence and that each stage is properly completed before the next stage begins.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.02.01 Distinguish between internal and external controls of the cell cycle.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Cell Cycle

 

Short Answer Questions

75. Describe the checkpoints for the cell cycle.

The first checkpoint during G₁ allows the cell to determine if the conditions are favorable to begin the cell cycle.  The second checkpoint is in G₂ in which the cell evaluates the quality of the DNA.  If it is damaged the cell will initiate repair or apoptosis.  The third checkpoint occurs during metaphase during mitosis.  The cell evaluates if the chromosomes are lined up evenly across the equatorial plane.

 

Bloom’s Level: 6. Create
Learning Outcome: 05.02.02 Describe the checkpoints for the cell cycle.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Cell Cycle

 

 

76. List in order the stages of the cell cycle.

Interphase – prophase – metaphase – anaphase – telophase

 

Bloom’s Level: 6. Create
Learning Outcome: 05.01.02 Describe the stages of the cell cycle and what occurs in each stage.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Cell Cycle

 

Multiple Choice Questions

77. What is a potential outcome if one of your father’s gametes did not go through meiosis correctly and one of the chromosomes did not separate correctly?
    A. You inherited a normal amount of genetic material from your mother but inherited an extra chromosome from your father.  One of your pairs of chromosomes will not be homologous.
    B.  You inherited an abnormal amount of genetic material from both your mother and father.  One of your pairs of chromosomes will not be homologous.
    C.  You inherited a normal amount of genetic material from your mother but inherited an extra chromosome from your father.  Two of your pairs of chromosomes will not be homologous.
    D.  You inherited a normal amount of genetic material from both your mother and father resulting in the inheritance of a normal amount of genetic material.
    E.  You inherited multiple genetic abnormalities, due to the faulty chromosomes from your father, resulting in a significant number of health issues.

If one of your father’s gametes did not go through meiosis correctly and one of the chromosomes did not separate correctly, one of his sperm would carry an extra chromosome.  If this sperm fertilized your mother’s egg, you would have inherited an extra chromosome resulting in one of your pairs of chromosomes not being homologous.

 

Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 05.04.02 Explain what is meant by the term homologous chromosomes.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Homologous Chromosomes

 

 

78. During which phase will homologous chromosomes separate?
    A. anaphase I
    B.  anaphase II
    C.  prophase
    D.  anaphase
    E.  metaphase I

Homologous chromosomes will separate during anaphase I of meiosis I.  The sister chromatids will separate during anaphase II and anaphase.  Chromatin condenses into chromosomes during prophase.  Homologous chromosomes align during metaphase I.

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.05.02 Identify the differences in the behavior of homologous chromosomes in meiosis and mitosis.
Section: 05.05
Topic: Homologous Chromosomes