Inquiry Into Life 16Th Edition By Sylvia Mader - Test Bank

Inquiry Into Life 16Th Edition By Sylvia Mader – Test Bank

 

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Inquiry Into Life, 16e, Mader

Chapter 5   Cell Division

 

1) The mitotic stage of cell division consists of

1. A) DNA synthesis and DNA degradation.
2. B) mitosis and cytokinesis.
3. C) duplication and division.
4. D) cell growth and cell death.
5. E) meiosis and mitosis.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  Both mitosis and cytokinesis occur during the mitotic stage of cell division. Duplication occurs during the S phase. Cell death and meiosis are not parts of mitosis.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Cell Cycle

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.01.03 Describe the stages of the cell cycle and what occurs in each stage.

 

2) The cell cycle consists of

1. A) mitosis and interphase.
2. B) meiosis and interphase.
3. C) prophase and interphase.
4. D) metaphase and interphase.
5. E) changes from a haploid to a diploid state.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  The cell cycle includes mitosis and interphase. Prophase and metaphase are parts of mitosis. The cell stays in the diploid state. Meiosis is not part of the cell cycle.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Cell Cycle

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.01.03 Describe the stages of the cell cycle and what occurs in each stage.

 

 

3) Following a cut or scrape, which process repairs your skin?

1. A) meiosis
2. B) meiosis and mitosis
3. C) mitosis
4. D) mitosis and apoptosis
5. E) apoptosis

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  Mitosis is responsible for repair of injury. Meiosis occurs in the reproductive cells and apoptosis results in cell death.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Mitosis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.01.02 State the purpose of the cell cycle.; 05.01.01 Explain the relationship between the cell cycle and apoptosis.

 

4) Which of the following is a correct association?

1. A) S stage-cell growth
2. B) M stage-DNA replication
3. C) interphase-shortest stage of the cell cycle
4. D) G1stage-cytokinesis
5. E) G2stage-the cell synthesizes the proteins needed for cell division

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  During G2, the cell synthesizes the proteins needed for cell division. During G1, a cell doubles its organelles, and it accumulates the materials needed for the synthesis of new DNA. DNA replication occurs during S phase, whereas mitosis and cytokinesis occur during M phase. The longest stage of the cell cycle is interphase.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Cell Cycle

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.01.03 Describe the stages of the cell cycle and what occurs in each stage.

 

 

5) When does apoptosis occur?

1. A) during development
2. B) during interphase
3. C) during mitosis
4. D) during meiosis
5. E) during injury repair

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Apoptosis occurs normally during development to remove unwanted tissue.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Apoptosis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.01.01 Explain the relationship between the cell cycle and apoptosis.

 

6) The only function of apoptosis is to destroy healthy cells when they become damaged or infected.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  Apoptosis is a normal part of the development process.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Apoptosis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.01.01 Explain the relationship between the cell cycle and apoptosis.

 

7) Which of the following is the correct sequence for the cell cycle?

1. A) S-M-G1-G2
2. B) S-M-G2-G1
3. C) S-G1-G1-M
4. D) G1-S-G2-M
5. E) S-G1-M-G2

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  The order of the cell cycle is G1, S, G2, and M.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Cell Cycle

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.01.03 Describe the stages of the cell cycle and what occurs in each stage.

 

 

8) During interphase

1. A) the cell begins to die.
2. B) the cell rounds up and detaches from its neighbors.
3. C) two nuclei split.
4. D) the cell is at rest.
5. E) hereditary material duplicates itself.

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  During the S phase of interphase, DNA duplicates itself. Interphase is a very active time. The nucleus splits during mitosis. A cell rounds up and begins to die in apoptosis.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Cell Cycle

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.01.03 Describe the stages of the cell cycle and what occurs in each stage.

 

9) Technically, mitosis refers to nuclear division and not cytoplasmic division.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  Mitosis is nuclear division, whereas cytokinesis is cytoplasmic division.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Mitosis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.01.03 Describe the stages of the cell cycle and what occurs in each stage.

 

10) Upon examination, a cell is found to have twice as much DNA as the normal diploid state but is no longer in the process of replicating the DNA. All of the DNA is found within a single nucleus. Which phase of the cell cycle is this cell in?

1. A) M
2. B) S
3. C) G1
4. D) G2
5. E) cytokinesis

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  The cell has finished DNA replication (S phase) but has not started mitosis (M). Therefore, it must be in G2.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Cell Cycle

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.01.03 Describe the stages of the cell cycle and what occurs in each stage.

 

 

11) Which of the following correctly describes apoptosis?

1. A) cells flatten out
2. B) cells adhere more closely to their neighbors
3. C) nucleus fragments
4. D) plasma membrane becomes thicker and more dense
5. E) the cell divides into two daughter cells

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  During apoptosis, the cell rounds up and loses contact with its neighbors. The nucleus fragments, and the plasma membrane develops blisters. Finally, the cell fragments, and its bits and pieces are engulfed by white blood cells. Two daughter cells are formed during mitosis.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Apoptosis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.01.01 Explain the relationship between the cell cycle and apoptosis.

 

12) During which stage of the cell cycle do the chromosomes duplicate?

1. A) prophase
2. B) anaphase
3. C) interphase
4. D) telophase
5. E) mitosis

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  DNA synthesis and the duplication of the chromosomes occurs during the S phase of interphase.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Cell Cycle

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.01.03 Describe the stages of the cell cycle and what occurs in each stage.

 

 

13) Which of the following best characterizes apoptosis?

1. A) Apoptosis is bad for an organism.
2. B) The stages of apoptosis are different in each cell type.
3. C) Apoptosis happens accidentally to healthy cells.
4. D) Apoptosis plays a normal role in development and cancer prevention.
5. E) Apoptosis results in our going from a fertilized egg to trillions of cells.

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Apoptosis plays a normal role in the body, so it is not always bad. It is highly regulated and does not happen accidentally. The stages of apoptosis are always the same. Cell division results in our going from a fertilized egg to trillions of cells.

Section:  05.01

Topic:  Apoptosis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.01.01 Explain the relationship between the cell cycle and apoptosis.

 

14) Which of the following proteins would you expect to be a coded for by a proto-oncogene?

1. A) a growth factor receptor
2. B) a DNA repair protein
3. C) a protein involved with the G1 checkpoint
4. D) an enzyme involved with apoptosis
5. E) a DNA replication protein

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that stimulate the cell cycle. Therefore, a growth factor receptor would be a proto-oncogene. The other proteins are involved in apoptosis, stopping the cell cycle (G1 checkpoint protein), or replicating the DNA after the signal has been given (DNA repair and replication proteins).

Section:  05.02

Topic:  Cell Cycle

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.02.03 Differentiate between the role of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in regulating the cell cycle.

 

 

15) Hormones that deliver a signal to the plasma membrane of target cells are known as

1. A) cyclins.
2. B) internal and external signals.
3. C) growth factors.
4. D) checkpoints.
5. E) proto-oncogenes.

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  Hormones that deliver a signal to the plasma membrane of target cells are known as growth factors.

Section:  05.02

Topic:  Cell Cycle

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.02.02 Describe the purpose of checkpoints in the cell cycle.

 

16) Growth factors that are transported through the blood play what role in the cell cycle?

1. A) an internal signal that tells the cell to stop dividing and repair its DNA
2. B) an internal signal that functions as an executioner
3. C) an internal signal to tell the cell which stage of the cell cycle to enter next
4. D) an external signal to tell the cell how long it should spend in each phase of the cell cycle
5. E) an external signal to tell the cell whether or not to divide

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  A growth factor would be an external signal. External signals tell a cell whether or not to divide.

Section:  05.02

Topic:  Mitosis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.02.01 Distinguish between internal and external controls of the cell cycle.

 

 

17) If a cell stops at the G1 checkpoint, this is most likely due to what problem?

1. A) The DNA has not finished replicating.
2. B) The chromosomes are not aligned properly.
3. C) There is DNA damage.
4. D) The cell is cancerous.
5. E) There is no problem. The cell normally stops at the G1

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  The cell stops at the first checkpoint during G1 if there is DNA damage or if there is not enough building blocks available to proceed.

Section:  05.02

Topic:  Cell Cycle

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.02.02 Describe the purpose of checkpoints in the cell cycle.

 

18) Which of the following proteins would you expect to be a coded for by a proto-oncogene?

1. A) a growth factor receptor
2. B) a DNA repair protein
3. C) a protein involved with the G1 checkpoint
4. D) an enzyme involved with apoptosis
5. E) a DNA replication protein

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that stimulate the cell cycle. Therefore, a growth factor receptor would be a proto-oncogene. The other proteins are involved in apoptosis, stopping the cell cycle (G1 checkpoint protein), or replicating the DNA after the signal has been given (DNA repair and replication proteins).

Section:  05.02

Topic:  Cell Cycle

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.02.03 Differentiate between the role of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in regulating the cell cycle.

 

 

19) Which type of genes, when abnormally activated, can result in cancer?

1. A) tumor suppressor genes
2. B) apoptosis initiator genes
3. C) proto-oncogenes
4. D) DNA repair protein genes
5. E) apoptosis executioner genes

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  When proto-oncogenes are abnormally activated, they become oncogenes which cause cancer. If the other genes are abnormally activated, they would prevent cancer.

Section:  05.02

Topic:  Cancer

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.02.03 Differentiate between the role of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in regulating the cell cycle.

 

20) Proteins that promote the cell cycle and prevent apoptosis are encoded by

1. A) proto-oncogenes.
2. B) caspase genes.
3. C) DNA repair genes.
4. D) tumor suppressor genes.
5. E) cyclin genes.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  The signaling pathway promotes cell division; therefore, these genes would be considered proto-oncogenes.

Section:  05.02

Topic:  Cancer

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.02.03 Differentiate between the role of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in regulating the cell cycle.

 

 

21) If their sperm contain 32 chromosomes, how many chromosomes do diploid cells in horses contain?

1. A) 46
2. B) 23
3. C) 32
4. D) 64
5. E) 128

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Sperm are haploid cells and if horse sperm contain 32 chromosomes, then non-sex cells (which are diploid) contain twice the amount of chromosomes, or 64.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Chromosome Structure

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.01 Explain the role of mitosis and how it maintains the chromosome number of a cell.

 

22) Which of the following is a correct association?

1. A) cytokinesis-division of the chromosomes
2. B) centromere-forms spindle fibers during prophase
3. C) haploid-having two copies of each chromosome
4. D) sister chromatids-two identical chromosome strands still attached at the centromere
5. E) mitosis-when a cell duplicates and then divides twice to reduce chromosome number by half

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Mitosis is when a cell duplicates and then divides once, leaving the chromosome number the same. Sister chromatids consist of two identical chromosome strands still attached at the centromere. Haploid refers to having one copy of each chromosome, and cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Mitosis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.02 Summarize the major events that occur during mitosis and cytokinesis.

 

 

23) Which of the following is true of the chromosomes in a cell undergoing mitosis?

1. A) They are loosely compacted.
2. B) They are unavailable for RNA synthesis.
3. C) They no longer have histones bound to them.
4. D) They stay within the confines of the cell nucleus.
5. E) They are present in the haploid number.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  It is true that during mitosis the chromosomes are unavailable for RNA synthesis. They are unavailable for RNA synthesis because the chromosomes are highly compacted and wrapped around histone proteins. During mitosis, the chromosomes leave the confines of the nucleus. Mitosis maintains the diploid number of chromosomes, whereas meiosis reduces the chromosomes to the haploid number.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Chromosome Structure

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.01 Explain the role of mitosis and how it maintains the chromosome number of a cell.

 

24) In humans, the diploid number of chromosomes is

20. A) 20.
21. B) 46.
22. C) 23.
23. D) variable depending on whether male or female.
24. E) 92.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  Humans have 46 chromosomes. 2n = 46.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Chromosome Structure

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.01 Explain the role of mitosis and how it maintains the chromosome number of a cell.

 

25) The length of DNA in each chromosome is longer than the diameter of the cell nucleus.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  A human cell contains at least 2 m of DNA, yet the nucleus is only about 5 um in diameter.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Chromosome Structure

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.01 Explain the role of mitosis and how it maintains the chromosome number of a cell.

 

26) Microtubules found in spindle fibers are capable of assembling and disassembling.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  Microtubules assemble and disassemble to move the chromosomes.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Mitosis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.01 Explain the role of mitosis and how it maintains the chromosome number of a cell.

 

27) The chromatids are held together at a region called the centromere.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  The two sister chromatids are held together by the centromere.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Chromosome Structure

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.02 Summarize the major events that occur during mitosis and cytokinesis.

 

28) The overall cell cycle is dramatically different for animals than for plant cells.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  There are only minor differences in the cell cycle between animals and plant cells.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Mitosis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.03 Compare and contrast mitosis and cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.

 

29) Centrioles are necessary to the process of mitosis in all organisms.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  Because plants do not have centrioles, they cannot be absolutely necessary to the process of mitosis.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Mitosis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.03 Compare and contrast mitosis and cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.

 

 

30) During mitosis, separation of the sister chromatids ensures that each daughter cell will receive two copies of each type of chromosome.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  Each daughter cell only receives one copy of each type of chromosome.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Chromosome Structure

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.01 Explain the role of mitosis and how it maintains the chromosome number of a cell.

 

31) Which of the following best describes the role of histones?

1. A) Histones play a role in coding for hereditary features.
2. B) Histones make RNA synthesis possible.
3. C) Histones are responsible for packaging the DNA so it can fit into a small space.
4. D) Histones are not thought to play any role in the cell.
5. E) Histones determine the diploid number of chromosomes.

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  Histones play a structural role in the chromosome and are responsible for packaging the DNA so it can fit into a small space

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Chromosome Structure

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.01 Explain the role of mitosis and how it maintains the chromosome number of a cell.

 

32) Chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibers in order to move to and from the metaphase plate.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  Spindle fibers made up of microtubules are responsible for the movement of the chromosomes during mitosis.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Chromosome Structure

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.02 Summarize the major events that occur during mitosis and cytokinesis.

 

 

33) You are looking at a single chromosome in a human being. Assuming there is no crossing over, what is the source of all the genes on this chromosome?

1. A) mother
2. B) father
3. C) either the mother or father
4. D) a combination of both mother and father
5. E) it is impossible to tell given this information

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  If there was no crossing over, all of the genes on a particular chromosome would originate with either the mother or the father.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Meiosis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Summarize the purpose of meiosis.

 

34) If the total number of chromosomes in a cell is six, then after mitosis there will be

1. A) six chromosomes in each daughter cell.
2. B) three chromosomes in each daughter cell.
3. C) 12 chromosomes in each daughter cell.
4. D) two chromosomes in each daughter cell.
5. E) three chromosomes in one daughter cell and six chromosomes in the other cell.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Mitosis results in daughter cells with the exact same number of chromosomes as in the mother cell.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Mitosis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.01 Explain the role of mitosis and how it maintains the chromosome number of a cell.

 

 

35) If a crayfish has 200 total chromosomes in its body cells (not ovaries or testes)

1. A) any 100 could have been from its father and any 100 from its mother.
2. B) they would consist of 100 pairs with one of each pair from the father, one of each pair from the mother.
3. C) as many as none to 200 came from the father and conversely, from 200 to none would have come from the mother.
4. D) 50 pairs or 100 total would come from the father and 50 pairs from the mother.
5. E) all 200 come from the mother in a female crayfish, all 200 from the father in a male crayfish.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  In the diploid organism, there are two of each type of chromosome (a pair), one from the mother and one from the father.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Meiosis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Summarize the purpose of meiosis.

 

36) Which of the following are genetically identical?

1. A) both members of a pair of chromosomes
2. B) sister chromatids
3. C) the mother’s and the father’s chromosomes
4. D) the mother’s and her child’s chromosomes
5. E) the father’s and his child’s chromosomes

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  Sister chromatids are genetically identical. Both members of a pair of chromosomes and the mother’s and father’s chromosomes have the same genes in the same order, but they are not genetically identical. A child’s chromosomes are not identical to either parent’s chromosomes.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Chromosome Structure

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Summarize the purpose of meiosis.

 

 

37) During what stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope disappear and the chromosomes become distinct?

1. A) interphase
2. B) prophase
3. C) metaphase
4. D) anaphase
5. E) telophase

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  During prophase, the nuclear membrane breaks down and the chromosomes appear.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Mitosis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.02 Summarize the major events that occur during mitosis and cytokinesis.

 

38) Which sequence of stages in mitosis is correct?

1. A) prophase, metaphase, interphase, telophase, prometaphase
2. B) metaphase, anaphase, prophase, prometaphase, telophase
3. C) anaphase, prometaphase, interphase, telophase, prophase
4. D) prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
5. E) prometaphase, interphase, metaphase, prophase, anaphase

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  The stages of mitosis, in the correct order, are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Mitosis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.02 Summarize the major events that occur during mitosis and cytokinesis.

 

 

39) In which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell?

1. A) interphase
2. B) prophase
3. C) metaphase
4. D) anaphase
5. E) telophase

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  The chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate (in the center of the cell) during metaphase.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Mitosis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.02 Summarize the major events that occur during mitosis and cytokinesis.

 

40) During which phases of mitosis do the chromosomes look like Xs?

1. A) prophase, anaphase
2. B) anaphase, metaphase
3. C) metaphase, telophase
4. D) prophase, metaphase
5. E) anaphase, telophase

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  The X shape is due to the presence of both sister chromatids. Both are present during prophase and metaphase, but separate during anaphase and telophase.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Mitosis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.02 Summarize the major events that occur during mitosis and cytokinesis.

 

 

41) The nuclear membrane reappears in mitosis during

1. A) interphase.
2. B) prophase.
3. C) metaphase.
4. D) anaphase.
5. E) telophase.

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  The nuclear membrane reappears during telophase.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Mitosis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.02 Summarize the major events that occur during mitosis and cytokinesis.

 

42) In plant cells, what is responsible for organizing the spindle?

1. A) centrosomes
2. B) centrioles
3. C) microtubules
4. D) asters
5. E) centromeres

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  The centrosomes organize the spindle in both animals and plants. Centrioles and asters are not present in plant cells.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Mitosis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.03 Compare and contrast mitosis and cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.

 

 

43) How does cell division differ between animal and plant cells?

1. A) Animal cells lack centrioles and no spindle forms during cell division.
2. B) Plant cells form a cleavage furrow or indentation of membrane between new daughter cells.
3. C) Plant cells use binary fission.
4. D) The cell plate is the final partitioning of plant cells.
5. E) There is no difference. Plant cells and animal cells undergo the same cellular processes during mitosis.

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Plants form a cell plate instead of a cleavage furrow during telophase. Plant cells lack centrioles. Bacteria undergo binary fission.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Cell Cycle

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.03 Compare and contrast mitosis and cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.

 

44) You are examining a cell under the microscope that is undergoing cell division and cannot find any asters. What else would be absent in this cell?

1. A) a cell plate
2. B) centrosomes
3. C) a spindle
4. D) a cleavage furrow
5. E) chromosomes

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  This must be a plant cell, so it would also not have a cleavage furrow.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Mitosis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.03 Compare and contrast mitosis and cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.

 

 

45) What forms the contractile ring in animal cells?

1. A) membrane vesicles
2. B) actin filaments
3. C) cellulose fibrils
4. D) cell wall
5. E) histones

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  The contractile ring is formed of actin filaments.

Section:  05.03

Topic:  Mitosis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.03.03 Compare and contrast mitosis and cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.

 

46) Meiosis results in a change in chromosome number indicated by

1. A) 2n to 2n.
2. B) 2n to n.
3. C) n to 2n.
4. D) n to n.
5. E) 2n to 2n in diploid organisms, n to n in haploid.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, 2n to n.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Meiosis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Summarize the purpose of meiosis.

 

47) If the diploid chromosome number is 16, the chromosome number of each gamete will be

4. A) 4.
5. B) 8.
6. C) 12.
7. D) 16.
8. E) 32.

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  A gamete results from meiosis, so the chromosome number would be divided in half.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Meiosis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Summarize the purpose of meiosis.

 

 

48) An organism has 8 pairs of chromosomes in each somatic cell. If the sperm and egg did not undergo meiosis, how many chromosomes would be present in a cell that resulted from the fusion of a sperm and egg?

1. A) 8
2. B) 16
3. C) 24
4. D) 32
5. E) 64

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Eight pairs of chromosomes are 16 chromosomes. Fusion without meiosis would result in the next generation having 32 chromosomes.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Meiosis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Summarize the purpose of meiosis.

 

49) Which of the following processes occurs in both mitosis and meiosis?

1. A) homologous chromosomes pair up
2. B) two series of cell divisions
3. C) sister chromosomes separating during the second division
4. D) single chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate
5. E) fertilization restores the diploid number

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Single chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate occurs in both meiosis (II) and mitosis. The other steps are unique to meiosis.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Meiosis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Summarize the purpose of meiosis.

 

 

50) Synapsis occurs during what stage of meiosis?

1. A) anaphase I
2. B) telophase II
3. C) metaphase II
4. D) prophase I
5. E) anaphase II

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Synapsis occurs during prophase I.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Meiosis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.04.03 Describe the events of meiosis.

 

51) Without considering the variation provided by crossing-over, how much will two siblings from one set of parents vary from each other?

1. A) All siblings from the same parents are identical to each other and demonstrate traits that are exactly halfway between their parents’ traits.
2. B) Siblings receive 100% of one parent’s genes or the other parent’s genes so they will either be identical if they receive the same parent’s genes, or nothing alike if they receive different parent’s genes.
3. C) Siblings inherit essentially 50% of their genes from each parent, but two sibling offspring may share with each other from zero to 23 chromosomes in common from each parent and therefore vary widely from each other.
4. D) Siblings inherit copies of the same 23 pairs of chromosomes from each parent and only crossing-over provides any differences between siblings.
5. E) There is one chance in 23 of getting identical sets of chromosomes from one parent, times two because there are two parents; therefore, two siblings out of 46 will be identical except for the extent of crossing-over.

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  Siblings each receive half of their chromosomes from each parent. Which half they receive is random, so siblings can share from zero to 23 chromosomes in common from each parent.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Meiosis

Bloom’s:  4. Analyze

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Summarize the purpose of meiosis.

 

 

52) Homologous chromosomes are genetically identical to each other.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  Homologous chromosomes have the same genes in the same order, but they may have different versions of the gene.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Homologous Chromosomes

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.04.02 Explain what is meant by the term homologous chromosomes.

 

53) During crossing-over

1. A) chromosomes switch poles.
2. B) mitosis becomes meiosis.
3. C) chromatin becomes chromosomes.
4. D) chromosomes become chromatin.
5. E) chromatids exchange segments of genetic material.

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  Crossing-over results in the exchange of genetic material between chromatids.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Meiosis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.04.03 Describe the events of meiosis.

 

54) During what stage do homologous chromosomes separate from each other?

1. A) prophase
2. B) anaphase I
3. C) anaphase II
4. D) metaphase I
5. E) metaphase II

 

Answer:  B

Explanation:  Homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Homologous Chromosomes

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.04.03 Describe the events of meiosis.

 

 

55) During what stage of meiosis do sister chromatids separate from each other?

1. A) prophase
2. B) anaphase I
3. C) anaphase II
4. D) metaphase I
5. E) metaphase II

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  Sister chromatids separate from each other in anaphase II.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Meiosis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.04.03 Describe the events of meiosis.

 

56) You are examining a cell under the microscope and see what appear to be four sister chromatids bound together and remnants of the nuclear envelope. What stage of meiosis are you looking at?

1. A) prophase I
2. B) prophase II
3. C) metaphase I
4. D) metaphase II
5. E) telophase I

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  The two homologous chromosomes, composed of four sister chromatids, are only together during prophase I. The remnants of the nuclear envelope are also seen during prophase I.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Meiosis

Bloom’s:  3. Apply

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.04.03 Describe the events of meiosis.

 

 

57) You are looking at a cell under the microscope, and see what appears to be several “X” structures being pulled to each side of the cell. What stage of meiosis are you looking at?

1. A) prophase I
2. B) prophase II
3. C) metaphase I
4. D) anaphase I
5. E) anaphase II

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  The X structure is a chromosome composed of two sister chromatids. Therefore, you are looking at homologous chromosomes separating in anaphase I.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Meiosis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.04.03 Describe the events of meiosis.

 

58) Replication of the DNA for meiosis occurs between telophase I and prophase II.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  Replication of the DNA for meiosis occurs prior to prophase I.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Meiosis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.04.03 Describe the events of meiosis.

 

59) Crossing-over is the only factor that is responsible for the variation that exists between offspring of one set of parents.

 

Answer:  FALSE

Explanation:  Both crossing-over and independent assortment are both responsible for the variation between offspring.

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Meiosis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Summarize the purpose of meiosis.

 

 

60) The second meiotic division is essentially a mitotic division except for the fact that the cells produced are

1. A) haploid.
2. B) diploid.
3. C) polyploid.
4. D) autosomal.
5. E) somatic.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  The cells are haploid following meiosis I.

Section:  05.05

Topic:  Meiosis Versus Mitosis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.05.01 Compare and contrast the processes of meiosis and mitosis.

 

61) Mitotic division is the normal process of cell reproduction to build and maintain the body of an organism, while meiosis takes place only in the formation of gametes for reproduction.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  This correctly describes the role of meiosis and mitosis.

Section:  05.05

Topic:  Meiosis Versus Mitosis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.05.01 Compare and contrast the processes of meiosis and mitosis.

 

 

62) What lines up at the metaphase plate during both metaphase I of meiosis and metaphase of mitosis?

1. A) Metaphase 1 of meiosis: single chromosomes composed of two sister chromatids

 

Metaphase of mitosis: single chromosomes composed of two sister chromatids

1. B) Metaphase 1 of meiosis: homologous chromosomes

 

Metaphase of mitosis: homologous chromosomes

1. C) Metaphase 1 of meiosis: single chromosomes composed of two sister chromatids

 

Metaphase of mitosis: single chromosomes composed of one sister chromatid

1. D) Metaphase 1 of meiosis: homologous chromosomes

 

Metaphase of mitosis: chromosomes composed of two sister chromatids

1. E) Metaphase 1 of meiosis: single chromosomes composed of two sister chromatids

 

Metaphase of mitosis: homologous chromosomes

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Homologous chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate during metaphase I of meiosis. During metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes line up individually and are composed of two sister chromatids.

Section:  05.05

Topic:  Meiosis Versus Mitosis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.05.02 Identify the differences in the behavior of homologous chromosomes in meiosis and mitosis.

 

 

63) What lines up during metaphase II of meiosis and metaphase of mitosis?

1. A) Metaphase II of meiosis: individual chromosomes each composed of two sister chromatids

 

Metaphase of mitosis: individual chromosomes each composed of two sister chromatids

1. B) Metaphase II of meiosis: homologous chromosomes

 

Metaphase of mitosis: homologous chromosomes

1. C) Metaphase II of meiosis: individual chromosomes composed of two sister chromatids

 

Metaphase of mitosis: individual chromosomes each composed of one sister chromatid

1. D) Metaphase II of meiosis: individual chromosomes composed of two sister chromatids

 

Metaphase of mitosis: homologous chromosomes

1. E) Metaphase II of meiosis: individual chromosomes composed of one sister chromatid

 

Metaphase of mitosis: individual chromosomes composed of one chromatid

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Individual chromosomes composed of two sister chromatids lines up at the metaphase plate during both metaphase II of meiosis and metaphase of mitosis.

Section:  05.05

Topic:  Meiosis Versus Mitosis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.05.01 Compare and contrast the processes of meiosis and mitosis.

 

64) The formation of sperm is termed

1. A) oogenesis.
2. B) homologous formation.
3. C) spermatogenesis.
4. D) gametogenesis
5. E) mitosis.

 

Answer:  C

Explanation:  Spermatogenesis is the formation of sperm in human males.

Section:  05.06

Topic:  Gametogenesis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.06.02 Explain the process of gamete production in both males and females.

 

 

65) A basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that in oogenesis

1. A) four functional eggs are produced.
2. B) mitosis instead of meiosis occurs.
3. C) both sperm and egg are produced.
4. D) one functional egg is produced.
5. E) the chromosome number is not divided in half.

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Only one functional haploid egg is produced via meiosis in oogenesis.

Section:  05.06

Topic:  Gametogenesis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.06.02 Explain the process of gamete production in both males and females.

 

66) Oogenesis

1. A) occurs in the ovary.
2. B) produces eggs with 23 chromosomes.
3. C) produces four equal-size eggs.
4. D) occurs in the ovary and produces eggs with 23 chromosomes.
5. E) occurs in the ovary, produces four equal-sized eggs with 23 chromosomes each.

 

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Oogenesis does occur in the ovaries and it produces eggs with 23 chromosomes each. However, oogenesis produces only one egg and two or three much smaller non-functional polar bodies.

Section:  05.06

Topic:  Gametogenesis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.06.02 Explain the process of gamete production in both males and females.

 

 

67) Why are two children born to the same parents (not identical twins) unlikely to have the same genetic makeup?

1. A) Crossing-over recombines portions of sister chromatids.
2. B) Fertilization provides a new pairing of chromosomes.
3. C) Each sperm or egg has a random assortment of chromosomes, half from each pair.
4. D) Chromosomes align themselves independently during meiosis I.
5. E) All of the answer choices lead to genetic differences among siblings.

 

Answer:  E

Explanation:  Siblings (unless they are identical twins) are genetically different for several reasons. Both crossing-over and independent assortment create unique genetic combinations during meiosis and since every sperm and egg are different, the random pairing of egg and sperm during fertilization also creates unique combinations.

Section:  05.06

Topic:  Gametogenesis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Summarize the purpose of meiosis.

 

68) It is the secondary oocyte and not the egg that the sperm fertilizes to form a diploid organism.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  If the secondary oocyte is fertilized, it completes meiosis II to form an egg and a second polar body. The sperm combines with the egg and forms a diploid organism.

Section:  05.06

Topic:  Gametogenesis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.06.01 Describe the human life cycle in terms of haploid and diploid cells.

 

 

69) What is the difference between the chromosomes in a secondary spermatocyte and those in a spermatid?

1. A) The chromosomes in secondary spermatocytes consist of two chromatids; the ones in the spermatid consist of only one chromatid.
2. B) The chromosomes in a secondary spermatocyte consist of homologous chromosomes; the ones in the spermatid consist of two chromatids.
3. C) The chromosomes in the secondary spermatocyte consist of one chromatid; the ones in the spermatid consist of two chromatids.
4. D) The secondary spermatocyte is diploid; the spermatid is haploid.
5. E) The secondary spermatocyte is haploid; the spermatid is diploid.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Both cells are haploid, but the secondary spermatocyte has not completed meiosis II and so the chromosomes consist of two chromatids. The spermatid has completed meiosis and so the chromosomes consist of only one chromatid.

Section:  05.06

Topic:  Gametogenesis

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.06.02 Explain the process of gamete production in both males and females.

 

70) The only haploid stage in the animal life cycle is the gamete.

 

Answer:  TRUE

Explanation:  Only the sperm and egg are haploid in animals.

Section:  05.06

Topic:  Gametogenesis

Bloom’s:  1. Remember

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.06.01 Describe the human life cycle in terms of haploid and diploid cells.

 

71) Indicate the portions of the cell cycle that contain checkpoints and what the checkpoint controls.

 

Answer:  G1 contains the first checkpoint. This one determines if conditions are favorable to begin the cell cycle. G2 also contains a checkpoint that determines if the DNA replication is proceeding correctly. Metaphase contains a checkpoint to determine if the chromosomes are aligned correctly.

Section:  05.02

Topic:  Cell Cycle

Bloom’s:  6. Create

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.02.02 Describe the purpose of checkpoints in the cell cycle.

 

 

72) Which of the following events would be controlled by an external signal?

1. A) cell division
2. B) prophase proceeding into metaphase
3. C) the chromosomes aligning at the equatorial plane before the cell begins anaphase
4. D) initiating S phase
5. E) All of the answer choices are controlled by an external signal.

 

Answer:  A

Explanation:  External signals tell the cell whether or not to divide. Cell division is the only one that would be regulated by external signals. Internal signals ensure that the stages follow one another in the normal sequence and that each stage is properly completed before the next stage begins.

Section:  05.02

Topic:  Cell Cycle

Bloom’s:  2. Understand

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.02.01 Distinguish between internal and external controls of the cell cycle.

 

73) Explain what is meant by the term homologous chromosomes.

 

Answer:  Answers will vary. When a cell is 2n, or diploid, the chromosomes occur in pairs. For example, the 46 chromosomes of humans occur in 23 pairs and these pairs are called homologous chromosomes.

Section:  05.02

Topic:  Cell Cycle

Bloom’s:  6. Create

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.04.02 Explain what is meant by the term homologous chromosomes.

 

74) List in order the stages of meiosis.

 

Answer:  Interphase – prophase I – metaphase I – anaphase I – telophase I – interkinesis – prophase II – metaphase II – anaphase II – telophase II

Section:  05.04

Topic:  Cell Cycle

Bloom’s:  6. Create

Accessibility:  Keyboard Navigation

Learning Outcome:  05.04.01 Summarize the purpose of meiosis.