Introduction to Criminal Justice 14th Edition by Larry J. Siegel - Test Bank

Introduction to Criminal Justice 14th Edition by Larry J. Siegel – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 5—Public Policing and Private Security

 

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. What arrangement in early English society required that every person in a village be responsible for protecting the settlement from thieves?
2. The runner system
3. Community policing
4. The pledge system
5. The watch system

 

 

ANS:  C                              REF:  p. 158           OBJ:  1

 

 

2. The _____ was created in 1326 under the watch system of policing to assist the shire reeve in controlling the county?
3. Deputy position
4. Constable position
5. Bobbie position
6. Justice of the peace

 

 

ANS:  D                              REF:  p. 158              OBJ:  1

 

 

3. What was the name of the organized private police that patrolled 18^th century England?
4. Constables
5. Shire reeves
6. Bobbies
7. Thief takers

 

 

ANS:  D                              REF:  p. 158-159        OBJ:  1

 

 

4. When was the Metropolitan Police Act passed through Parliament?
5. 1229
6. 1429
7. 1629
8. 1829

 

 

ANS:  D                              REF:  p. 159              OBJ: 1

 

5. English police officers are known as bobbies because:
6. The tails of the horses they rode were cut short (bobbed).
7. Sir Robert (Bobbie) Peel was responsible for their creation.
8. The first name Robert and its accompanying nickname Bobbie were extremely common among the first generation of English police.
9. They were paid in shillings, for which the slang term was “bob.”

 

 

ANS:  B                              REF:  p. 159               OBJ:  1

 

 

 

 

6. Which of the following was not one of Sir Robert Peel’s nine principles of policing?
7. The basic mission for which the police exist is to make arrests and aid in convictions.
8. The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent on public approval of police actions.
9. Police must secure the willing cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law in order to secure and maintain public respect.
10. Police preserve public favor by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law.

 

 

ANS:  A                              REF:  p. 160               OBJ:  2

 

 

7. The first technological breakthrough in policing came in the area of:
8. Transportation
9. Communication
10. Regulation
11. Administration

 

 

ANS:  B                              REF:  p. 162              OBJ:  2

 

 

8. How did police reformer August Vollmer contribute to police professionalism?
9. Instituting university training for young officers.
10. Establishing the first formal police academy in the U.S.
11. Becoming the first President of the IACP.
12. Creating the first SWAT team.

 

 

ANS:  A                              REF:  p. 163               OBJ:  3

 

 

9. The _______________ was created in 1929 by President Herbert Hoover to study the U.S. criminal justice system and make recommendations for improvement.
10. Criminal Justice Institute
11. National Institute of Justice
12. Law Enforcement Assistance Administration
13. Wickersham Commission

 

 

ANS:  D                              REF:  p. 163                OBJ:  3

 

10. The defining event that helped shape police reforms in the 1990s was the:
11. Creation of the International Association of Chiefs of Police.
12. Creation of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration.
13. Growth of police unions.
14. Beating of Rodney King.

 

 

ANS:  D                              REF:  p. 165                 OBJ:  4

 

 

 

 

11. Which federal law enforcement agency has unlimited jurisdiction?
12. CIA
13. DEA
14. S. Justice Department
15. No single federal agency has unlimited jurisdiction

 

 

ANS:  D                              REF:  p. 166                OBJ:  5

 

 

12. Who heads the U.S. Department of Justice?
13. S. Attorney General
14. Secretary of the Treasury
15. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
16. Secretary of State

 

 

ANS:  A                              REF:  p. 166             OBJ:  6

 

 

13. Which of the following is false regarding the FBI?
14. It maintains liaison offices in other countries.
15. It is an investigative agency rather than a police agency.
16. It has jurisdiction over all federal and state laws.
17. It was under the direction of J. Edgar Hoover from 1924 until his death in 1972.

 

 

ANS:  C                              REF:  p. 166           OBJ:  6

 

 

14. Under its reformulated priorities, the FBI’s primary objective is to protect the:
15. Civil rights of those residing in the United States.
16. Businesses in the U.S. from infiltration by organized crime.
17. S. against espionage.
18. S. from terrorist attacks.

 

 

ANS:  D                              REF:  p. 167-168          OBJ:  6

 

 

15. What federal agency is responsible for the transporting of federal prisoners?
16. S. Marshals
17. FBI
18. Department of Homeland Security
19. Secret Service

 

 

ANS:  A                              REF:  p. 169              OBJ:  6

 

 

16. What federal agency enforces the Gun Control Act of 1968 and the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970?
17. ATF
18. FBI
19. DHS
20. Secret Service

 

 

ANS:  A                              REF:  p. 168               OBJ:  6

 

 

 

 

17. Which is the oldest federal law enforcement agency?
18. S. Marshals
19. FBI
20. DHS
21. IRS

 

 

ANS:  A                              REF:  p. 168              OBJ:  6

 

 

18. Which of the following is an agency within the Department of Homeland Security?
19. CBP
20. FBI
21. S. Marshals
22. ATF

 

 

ANS:  A                              REF:  p. 169-170       OBJ:  6

 

 

19. Which state formed the first statewide police agency in 1835?
20. Massachusetts
21. Pennsylvania
22. Texas
23. Arizona

 

 

ANS:  C                              REF:  p. 170           OBJ:  7

 

 

20. Which of the following is not a branch of the Department of Homeland Security?
21. Customs and Border Protection
22. Department of Justice
23. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
24. S. Secret Service

 

 

ANS:  B                              REF:  p. 169-170       OBJ:  6

 

21. Which of the following is not a mission of the U.S. Secret Service?
22. Investigate counterfeiting and other financial crimes, including financial institution fraud, identity theft and computer fraud.
23. Investigate threats against protected officials.
24. Protect the President and Vice-President.
25. Conduct and coordinate international investigations involving transnational criminal organizations responsible for the illegal movement of people, goods, and technology into and out of the U.S.

 

 

ANS:  D                              REF:  p. 170               OBJ:  6

 

 

22. ______ police make up the majority of the nation’s authorized law enforcement personnel.
23. Local
24. County
25. State
26. Federal

 

 

ANS:  A                              REF:  p. 173               OBJ:  7

 

 

23. The role of ______ law enforcement evolved from that of the early English shire reeve, whose primary duty was to assist the royal judges in trying prisoners and enforcing sentences.
24. Local
25. County
26. State
27. Federal

 

 

ANS:  B                              REF:  p. 172               OBJ:  7

 

 

24. What term is used to describe the use of computer software to conduct analysis of behavioral patterns in an effort to link open cases to known perpetrators?
25. Crime mapping
26. CODIS
27. Data mining
28. Systems analysis

 

 

ANS:  C                              REF:  p. 182               OBJ:  9

 

 

25. Which of the following is not an advantage of high-definition surveying?
26. Investigators can maneuver every piece of evidence.
27. The perspective of the crime scene can be manipulated.
28. Crime scene contamination is limited.
29. It relies on photographic evidence and two-dimensional drawings.

 

 

ANS:  D                              REF:  p. 184              OBJ:  9

 

 

26. Chicago’s CLEARMAP program is an example of which type of crime fighting technology?
27. Biometrics
28. Criminal identification
29. Crime mapping
30. DNA testing

 

 

ANS:  C                              REF:  p. 184                OBJ:  9

 

 

27. AFIS is a (n):
28. National database of DNA records.
29. Computerized fingerprint system.
30. Automated stolen vehicle database.
31. Continually updating fugitive identification system.

 

 

ANS:  B                              REF:  p. 186                OBJ:  9

 

 

28. Which of the following statements regarding the use of DNA in criminal cases is false?
29. DNA profiling allows suspects to be identified on the basis of genetic material.
30. Every U.S. state maintains a DNA database of convicted offenders.
31. The United States is the only country with a DNA database.
32. DNA fingerprinting is used as evidence in criminal trials in many states.

 

 

ANS:  C                              REF:  p. 187                OBJ:  9

 

 

 

 

29. Which of the following is false about Gunshot Location Systems?
30. This system uses sensors to determine the direction from which the sound came, and can triangulate and determine the exact location where the gunshots were fired.
31. This technology is known to deter criminals.
32. An advantage of this technology is rapid response by police.
33. A limitation of this technology is its high cost.

 

 

ANS:  B                              REF:  p. 182-183         OBJ:  9

 

 

30. Which of the following is false about biometrics?
31. Biometric authenticators are unique to the user and as a result cannot be stolen and used without that individual’s knowledge.
32. Biometrics involves automated methods of recognizing a person based on their fingerprint characteristics.
33. Biometrics can be used at all levels of government and in private businesses.
34. Casinos have started to implement biometrics to recognize when known cheaters enter their premises.

 

 

ANS:   B                              REF:  p. 186              OBJ:  9

 

 

31. Which of the following is an example of soft technology that law enforcement uses?

1. Metal detectors
2. Tasers
3. Sex offender registration
4. Street lighting

 

ANS:  C                               REF: p. 180-181       OBJ:   9

 

 

32. Which of the following is an example of hard technology used by law enforcement?

1. Ignition interlock systems
2. Facial recognition software
3. Crime mapping
4. Gunshot location devices

 

ANS:  A                              REF:  p. 180-181         OBJ:  9

 

 

33. How many private policing (private security service) firms exist in the United States?

1. 100
2. 1000
3. 10,000
4. 100,000

 

ANS:  C                               REF:  p. 175                OBJ:  8

 

 

 

34. How do private police compare with public police?

1. The primary focus of private police is enforcement of the criminal law.
2. Much of public policing is concerned with loss prevention.
3. Private police are concerned almost solely with prevention.
4. There are no differences between public and private police.

 

ANS:  C                               REF:  p. 176-179         OBJ:  8

 

 

35. All of the following are reasons for the growth in private policing EXCEPT:

1. The desire for nongovernmental service provisions
2. Growth in mass private property
3. A belief that the private sector can do a better job than the public sector
4. Private police are better trained

 

ANS:  D                              REF:  p. 177-179       OBJ:  8

 

36. In medieval England who was expected to make a hue and cry to assemble his helpers and warn the village when trouble occurred?

1. Constable
2. Sheriff
3. Shire reeve
4. Tythingman

 

ANS:  D                              REF:  p. 158                OBJ:  1

 

 

37. Law enforcement in colonial America paralleled the _________ model.

1. British
2. Chinese
3. Japanese
4. Spanish

 

ANS:  A                              REF:  p. 160             OBJ:  2

 

 

38. In what region of the United States were vigilantes called on to use force or intimidation to eradicate such social problems as theft of livestock?

1. East
2. South
3. North
4. West

 

ANS:  D                              REF:  p. 161                OBJ:  2

 

 

 

 

39. What was the result of the Boston police strike in 1919?

1. All striking officers were fired and replaced with new recruits.
2. Police officers received an increase in their salaries.
3. The police officers were able to form a successful union that negotiated with political leaders.
4. Police officers received more vacation and sick days.

 

ANS:  A                              REF:  p. 162-163          OBJ:  3

 

 

40. During which decade did the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEA) devote a significant portion of its funds to police agencies?
41. 1950s
42. 1960s
43. 1970s
44. 1980s

 

 

ANS:  C                              REF:  p. 164-165          OBJ:  4

 

 

SCENARIO BASED

 

NARRBEGIN: CASE 5.1

Danny is a new police recruit.  He is amazed at the technology that is used at his police department.  His goal is to become a detective who works in the crime scene investigation unit of his police department.  Because of this goal, when he responds to a call he pays particular attention to the technology used at his police department.  NARREND

 

41. One call that Danny responds to is a shooting where the offender is believed to be hiding in a vacant office building. What device are the officers using to detect if the suspect is actually hiding in this vacant office building?
42. Biometrics
43. Data mining
44. DNA testing
45. Thermal imagers

 

ANS:  D                              REF:  p. 183      OBJ:  9

NARR: CASE 5.1

 

42. Danny responded to a robbery where the suspect left a note demanding money. Danny hands over this note to crime scene investigators who want to compare the handwriting on the note to other notes left at previous robberies. This handwriting will be compared to samples that already exist in a database. Using handwriting to identify individuals is a part of a practice of:

1. Biometrics
2. Data mining
3. DNA testing
4. Thermal imagers

 

ANS:  A                              REF:  p. 186          OBJ:   9

NARR: CASE 5.1

 

43. Danny is surprised to learn that DNA evidence collected at local crime scenes in his jurisdiction are sent to a federal database titled “Combined DNA Index System.” Which federal agency maintains this CODIS database?
44. DEA
45. FBI
46. CIA
47. DHS

 

ANS:  B                               REF:  p. 188              OBJ: 9

NARR: CASE 5.1

 

44. Because of his commendable performance during his first year as a police rookie, Danny is being assigned to a task force which will be investigating counterfeiting and other financial crimes. Which federal agency will Danny most likely work with on this task force?
45. ATF
46. DHS
47. Secret Service
48. S. Marshalls

 

ANS:  C                                   REF:  p. 170         OBJ:  6

NARR: CASE 5.1

 

45. Danny is working a midnight shift. He receives a call from his shift supervisor to come back to the police department for a briefing. The officers receive information from a federal agent who advises them that a known bank robber is hiding out in the city.  They devise a plan to apprehend this dangerous felon.  Which federal agency is leading this fugitive apprehension team?
46. ATF
47. DHS
48. Secret Service
49. S. Marshalls

 

ANS:  C                                   REF:    p. 168       OBJ:  6

NARR: CASE 5.1

 

NARRBEGIN: CASE 5.2

Chief Jones has been a police officer since 1960.  He was hired by the New York City Police Department in 1960 when he was 20 years old.  He is now 72 years old and will be retiring as the police chief of a police department in a city located 60 miles outside of New York City.  He has seen many changes in policing over the past fifty years. NARREND

 

46. Chief Jones is reminiscing about how much policing has changed. He discusses with some new police recruits how he was a police officer during a time of civil unrest where there was a lot of tension between the police and the public. During this decade there were a number of bloody confrontations between the public and the police.  This was also a decade where many police officers felt as if they were being “handcuffed by the courts.”  Which decade is Chief Jones referring to?
47. 1950s
48. 1960s
49. 1970s
50. 1980s

 

 

ANS:  B                              REF:  p. 164               OBJ:  4

NARR: CASE 5.2

 

47. In preparing his retirement speech with his assistant, Chief Jones reflects back on when unions were very successful in winning increased salaries and benefits for police officers across the country. During which decade did police benefit greatly from union leadership?
48. 1950s
49. 1960s
50. 1970s
51. 1980s

 

 

ANS:  D                              REF:  p. 165               OBJ:  4

NARR: CASE 5.2

 

48. Many young police officers in Chief Jones’ agency often question their Chief as to why he never went into federal law enforcement. Chief Jones tells his officers that he was recruited to help restructure Immigration and Customs Enforcement following the September 11, 2001 attacks. Immigration and Customs Enforcement is part of which department?
49. Department of Defense
50. Department of Homeland Security
51. Department of Justice
52. Department of Veteran Affair

 

 

ANS:  B                               REF:  p. 169                OBJ:  6

NARR: CASE 5.2

 

49. The officers continue to ask Chief Jones about Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Some of them want to know what type of law enforcement opportunities exist in this agency. Chief Jones’ discusses the components of ICE.  All of the following are components of ICE except:
50. Office of Investigations
51. Office of Detention and Removal Operations
52. Office of Intelligence
53. Witness Security

 

 

ANS:  D                              REF:  p. 169-170      OBJ:  6

NARR: CASE 5.2

 

50. Chief Jones’ is concerned that too many public policing responsibilities are being shifted to the private sector. He is a firm believer that policing should be left to the government, not private corporations. All of the following are common criticisms of private policing EXCEPT:

1. Motives are more important than the protection of public safety.
2. Private policing could replace public police.
3. That private police have unbridled authority over citizens and public police officers.
4. Whether private security guards are subject to the same search and seizure standards as public police officers.

 

ANS:  C                               REF:  p. 180             OBJ:  8

NARR: CASE 5.2

 

TRUE/FALSE

 

1. The shire reeve was considered the first police officer in the United States.

 

ANS:  F                               REF:  p. 158              OBJ:  1

 

 

2. Thief takers were professional criminals that assisted burglars.

 

ANS:  F                               REF:  p. 159             OBJ:  1

 

 

3. The colonial sheriff did not patrol or seek out crime but only reacted to citizens’ complaints and investigated crimes once they already occurred.

 

ANS:  T                               REF:  p. 160              OBJ:  2

 

 

4. The end of the Vietnam War significantly reduced tensions between students and police, as well as between minorities and the police.

 

ANS:  F                               REF:  p. 164               OBJ:  4

 

 

5. Women and minorities were recruited to police work under affirmative action programs in the 1990s.

 

ANS:  F                               REF:  p. 165               OBJ:  4

 

 

6. There are more than 2 million employees involved in private policing.

 

ANS:  T                               REF:  p. 175               OBJ:  8

 

 

7. Immigration and Customs Enforcement is part of the Department of Homeland Security.

 

ANS:  T                               REF:  p. 169               OBJ:  6

 

 

8. Gunshot location systems base its product on the same technology that geologists use to pinpoint an earthquake’s epicenter.

 

ANS:  T                               REF:  p. 182                OBJ:  9

 

9. Data mining recognizes geographic “hot spots” where a majority of predatory crimes are concentrated.

 

ANS:  F                               REF:  p. 181                 OBJ:  9

 

 

10. One criticism of private policing is that it could eventually replace government.

 

ANS:  T                               REF:  p. 180                 OBJ:  8

 

 

11. Private security guards are subject to Fourth Amendment requirements if they are performing services that are traditionally reserved for the police.

 

ANS:  T                               REF:  p. 180              OBJ:  8

 

 

12. Facial recognition software is an example of HARD Technology used by law enforcement.

 

ANS:  F                               REF:  p. 181             OBJ:  9

 

13. The Secret Service operate CODIS which is a computerized database that allows DNA taken at a crime scene to be searched electronically to find matches against samples taken from convicted offenders and from other crime scenes.

 

ANS:  F                               REF:  p. 187                 OBJ:  9

 

 

14. Many of the first law enforcement officers in London were corrupt and unsuccessful at stopping crime.

 

ANS:  T                               REF:  p. 159              OBJ:  1

 

 

15. The early nineteenth century was an era of widespread urban unrest and mob violence which led local leaders to realize that a more structured police function was needed to keep the peace.

 

ANS:    T                             REF:  p. 161        OBJ:  3

 

16. In the late nineteenth century, police work was not desirable because it paid less than most other blue-collar jobs.

 

ANS:  F                               REF:  p. 161             OBJ:  3

 

 

17. Police during the nineteenth century were regarded as incompetent and corrupt and were disliked by the people whom they served.

 

ANS:  T                               REF:  p. 162              OBJ:  3

 

18. In the 1990s, police departments began to embrace community policing.

 

ANS:  T                               REF:  p. 165          OBJ:  4

 

 

19. The U.S. Marshals work with law enforcement authorities at the federal, state, and local levels to apprehend felons.

 

ANS:  T                               REF:  p. 168         OBJ:  6

 

 

 

20. The Department of Homeland Security was created as a result of President Herbert Hoover’s creation of the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement.

 

ANS:  F                               REF:  p. 163            OBJ:  6

 

 

COMPLETION

 

1. ____________________ is credited with the passage of the Metropolitan Police Act that established the first organized police force in London.

 

ANS:  Sir Robert Peel              REF:  p. 159            OBJ:  1

 

 

2. On the western frontier of the early U.S., where formal law enforcement had few resources, the law was often enforced by ____________________, or groups of citizens enforcing the law through their own means.

 

ANS:  vigilante                          REF:  p. 161         OBJ:  2

 

 

3. ____________________ was the chief of police in Berkeley, California who helped found the School of Criminology at the University of California.

 

ANS:  August Vollmer                REF:  p. 163        OBJ:  3

 

 

4. ____________________ gained national attention during the O.J. Simpson trial and allows suspects to be identified on the basis of the genetic material found in hair, blood, and other bodily tissues and fluids.

 

ANS:  DNA profiling                    REF:  p. 187      OBJ:  9

 

 

5. ____________________ is concerned with guarding private property from theft, trespass, and damage.

 

ANS:  Protective policing              REF  p. 178      OBJ:  8

 

 

6. The ____________________ helps control sales of untaxed liquor and cigarettes.

 

ANS:  ATF                                  REF:  p. 168      OBJ:  6

 

 

7. Since 1970 the ____________________ have protected, relocated, and given new identities to more than 8,000 witnesses.

 

ANS:  U.S. Marshals                     REF:  p. 168      OBJ:  6

 

 

 

 

8. ____________________ is paramount in the private policing context, whereas public policing relies more heavily on detection of criminal acts and apprehension of suspects.

 

ANS:  Surveillance                REF:  p. 177             OBJ:  8

 

 

9. The ____________________ investigates counterfeiting and other financial crimes.

 

ANS:  U.S. Secret Service           REF:  p. 170       OBJ:  6

 

 

10. ____________________ gives the police the ability to analyze detailed visuals of crime patterns.

 

ANS:  Crime mapping                REF:  p. 184        OBJ:  9

 

 

11. ____________________ is defined as automated methods of recognizing a person based on

physiological or behavioral characteristics.

 

ANS:  Biometrics                  REF:  p. 186             OBJ:  9

 

 

12. ____________________ can classify fingerprints and identify up to 250 characteristics on the print.

 

ANS:  AFIS                         OBJ:  9                     REF:  p. 186-187

 

 

13. The __________________, created in 1835, was one of the first state police agencies formed.

 

ANS:  Texas Rangers          OBJ:  5                   REF:  p. 170

 

 

14. _______________________ involves personalized service and decentralized policing, citizen empowerment, and an effort to reduce community fear of crime, disorder, and decay.

 

ANS:  Community Policing              OBJ:   4                      REF:   p. 165

 

 

15. The four main levels of law enforcement in the United States include ____________, _____________, _______________, and __________.

 

ANS:  federal, state, county, local       REF: p. 166                       OBJ:   5

 

 

 

 

ESSAY

 

1. Discuss the early development of police in England.

 

ANS:  answers will vary                            REF:   p. 158-160      OBJ:   1

 

2. Which principle of policing proposed by Sir Robert Peel do you feel is the most important and why?

 

ANS:  answers will vary                                                                                                            REF:   p. 160             OBJ:   1

 

 

 

3. Discuss twentieth-century police reforms and the emergence of professionalism.

 

ANS:  answers will vary                                                                                                              REF:   p. 162-163                 OBJ:  3

 

4. Discuss policing in the United States in the 1960s.

 

ANS:  answers will vary                                                                                                                REF:   p. 164             OBJ:   4

 

5. What services does the FBI offer to local law enforcement agencies?

 

ANS:  answers will vary                                                                                                                REF:   p. 166-167                 OBJ:    6

 

6. What are the duties of the U.S. Marshals?

 

ANS:  answers will vary                                                                                                                REF:   p. 168-169      OBJ:   6

 

7. Summarize the four levels of law enforcement in the United States.

 

ANS:  answers will vary                                                                                                              REF:   p. 166-173      OBJ:   5

 

8. Discuss three of the branches and functions of the newly formed Department of Homeland Security.

 

ANS:  answers will vary                                                                                                                REF:   p. 169-170      OBJ:   6

 

9. How are private police different from the public police departments?

 

ANS:  answers will vary                                                                                                              REF:   p. 176-178                 OBJ:    8

 

10. What is AFIS and how does it help law enforcement officers?

 

ANS:  answers will vary                                                                                                             REF:   p. 186-187      OBJ:   9