Kuby Immunology 7th Edition By Judith A. Owen - Test Bank

Kuby Immunology 7th Edition By Judith A. Owen – Test Bank

 

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Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 5   Innate Immunity

 

 

1. Which of the following is NOT entirely a response of the innate immune system?

 

1. Phagocytosis by macrophages
2. Protection from infection by the skin
3. Low pH in the stomach
4. Antibody mediated complement activation
5. Microbial cell lysis by defensin

 

Answer: D

Section: Introduction

Difficulty: 2

Hint: What makes antibodies?

 

2. Which of these characteristics are adaptive?

 

1. Response takes several days to develop
2. Responds more quickly upon secondary exposure to pathogens
3. Pathogen receptors are extremely varied
4. Recognize broad classes of pathogens
5. A, B, and C

 

Answer: E

Section: Introduction

Difficulty: 1

Hint: Review Table 5-1.

 

3. Which of these characteristics are innate?

 

1. Found in all multicellular plants and animals
2. Receptors are encoded in the germline
3. Recognize broad classes of pathogens
4. Responds more quickly upon secondary exposure to pathogens
5. A, B, and C

 

Answer: E

Section: Introduction

Difficulty: 1

Hint: Review Table 5-1.

 

4. A mixture of aureus and the enteric bacteria E. coli was placed onto the skin of the fingertips of a volunteer. The volunteer immediately touched one of their inoculated fingertips to nutrient agar plate #1 and then waited 30 minutes and touched a different inoculated finger to nutrient agar plate #2.  After incubating the plates overnight, what pattern of growth would you expect to see on the plates?

 

1. Both coli and S. aureus grew on both plates.
2. Plate #1 grew both, while plate #2 grew only aureus.
3. Plate #1 grew both, while plate #2 grew only coli.
4. Plate #1 grew only aureus, while plate #2 grew both.
5. Plate #1 grew only coli, while plate #2 grew both.

 

Answer: B

Section: Anatomical Barriers to Infection

Difficulty: 3

Hint: The skin contains psoriasin, an antibacterial protein.

 

5. Where would you be LEAST likely to find significant levels of defensins?

 

1. The lung
2. The intestine
3. The liver
4. The skin
5. The bladder

 

Answer: C

Section: Anatomical Barriers to Infection

Difficulty: 2

Hint: Defensins are found in locations where pathogens first contact the host.

 

6. Which of the following is the CORRECT relationship? _______________ on _____________ recognize _________________ on ____________________.

 

1. PRRs; macrophages; PAMPs; pathogens
2. PRRs; pathogens; PAMPs; macrophages
3. PAMPs; macrophages; PRRs; pathogens
4. PAMPs; neutrophils; PRR; pathogens
5. PRRs; macrophages; PAMPs; neutrophils

 

Answer: A

Section: Phagocytosis

Difficulty: 2

Hint: PRRs are found on antigen-presenting cells.

 

7. Why are many opsonins multimeric?

 

1. Because they are all derived from the same proto-opsonin
2. Because they bind repeating structures on pathogen surfaces
3. So that they can be regulated allosterically
4. Because they have to crosslink receptors on phagocytes in order for phagocytosis to occur
5. Because one subunit binds pathogen and the other has enzymatic activity

 

Answer: B

Section: Phagocytosis

Difficulty: 2

Hint: Multimeric receptors have several identical binding sites.

 

8. Which of the following are associated with damaged or dead cells?

 

1. Lysophosphatidic acid
2. Altered carbohydrates
3. Low CD47
4. Cell-surface annexin I
5. All of the above

 

Answer: E

Section: Phagocytosis

Difficulty: 2

Hint: Cell membranes change radically during apoptosis.

 

9. Which of the following would you predict to result from a mutation in TLR-4 that prevents binding to LPS?

 

1. Increased susceptibility to infection with gram-positive bacteria
2. Decreased susceptibility to septic shock
3. Failure to develop from an embryo
4. Tighter binding between bacteria and macrophages
5. Increased phagocytosis

 

Answer: B

Section: Induced Cellular Innate Responses

Difficulty: 3

Hint: Many symptoms of inflammation are initiated by LPS.

 

10. Match the following toll-like receptors with their ligands.

 

TLR                               Ligands

TLR3                             Flagellin

TLR4                             Zymosan

TLR5                             dsRNA

TLR6                             CpG unmethylated dinucleotides

TLR9                             LPS

 

1. TLR3/LPS; TLR4/CpG unmethylated dinucleotides; TLR5/dsRNA; TLR6/Zymosan; TLR9/Flagellin
2. TLR3/dsRNA; TLR4/LPS; TLR5/Flagellin; TLR6/Zymosan; TLR9/CpG unmethylated dinucleotides
3. TLR3/dsRNA; TLR4/LPS; TLR5/CpG unmethylated dinucleotides; TLR6/Flagellin; TLR9/Zymosan
4. TLR3/CpG unmethylated dinucleotides; TLR4/Zymosan; TLR5/Flagellin; TLR6/LPS; TLR9/dsRNA
5. TLR3/Zymosan; TLR4/LPS; TLR5/Flagellin; TLR6/dsRNA; TLR9/CpG unmethylated dinucleotides

 

Answer: B

Section: Induced Cellular Innate Responses

Difficulty: 1

Hint: Review Table 5-4.

 

11. Which of the following is NOT usually induced in response to TLR signaling?

 

1. TNF-a
2. IL-1
3. iNOS
4. IL-6
5. IL-4

 

Answer: E

Section: Induced Cellular Innate Responses

Difficult: 2

Hint: TLR signaling often leads to inflammation.

 

12. Where would you MOST likely find a TLR that recognizes RNA?

 

1. On the cell surface
2. In the endosome/lysosome
3. In the nucleus
4. In the mitochondria
5. In the endoplasmic reticulum

 

Answer: B

Section: Induced Cellular Innate Responses

Difficulty: 2

Hint: RNA receptors are often found where viruses uncoat and disassemble.

 

13. Which of the following adaptor proteins activate the NF-kB pathway?

 

1. MyD88
2. IKKa
3. Calmodulin
4. IL-2 receptor
5. SOS

 

Answer: A

Section: Induced Cellular Innate Responses

Difficulty: 1

Hint: The key to this question is the word “adaptor.”

 

14. Which cytokine is known for its anti-viral properties?

 

1. IL-2
2. IL-4
3. IFN-a
4. TNF-a
5. IL-1

 

Answer: C

Section: Induced Cellular Innate Responses

Difficulty: 1

Hint: This cytokine’s name reflects its function.

 

15. What is the Latin word for pain?

 

1. Rubor
2. Calor
3. Dolor
4. Tumor
5. Accio

 

Answer: C

Section: Inflammatory Responses

Difficulty: 1

Hint: Many Latin words have similar derivatives in English, except the word for pain.

 

16. C-reactive protein is a/an:

 

3. acute phase response protein.
5. cell-adhesion molecule.

 

Answer: C

Section: Inflammatory Responses

Difficulty: 1

Hint: C-reactive protein is produced by the liver.

 

17. How do natural killer cells kill their targets?

 

1. By lysing them
2. By inducing inflammation
3. By inducing apoptosis
4. By causing them to leave the bloodstream and be trapped by the liver
5. By coating them with opsonins

 

Answer: C

Section: Natural Killer Cells

Difficulty: 2

Hint: NK cells kill by a similar mechanism to CTL

 

18. What types of cells are good targets for natural killer cells and why?

 

1. Bacterial cells because they contain LPS
2. Gram positive cells because they contain LTA
3. Antigen presenting cells because they have high levels of costimulatory molecules
4. Endothelial cells in inflamed tissues because they have high levels of adhesion molecules
5. Virally infected cells because they have low levels of class I MHC

 

Answer: E

Section: Natural Killer Cells

Difficulty: 3

Hint: Many viruses try to evade immune responses by blocking antigen presentation.

 

19. Predict the clinical outcome of a genetic defect in IRAK4, a protein required for the MyD88 pathway.

 

1. Increased rates of cancer
2. Increased rates of autoimmune disease
3. Decreased muscle tone
4. Increased rates of bacterial infection
5. Increased TLR signaling

 

Answer: D

Section: Clinical Focus

Difficulty: 3

Hint: MyD88 is an adaptor for almost all TLRs.

 

20. Activation of dendritic cells with TLR4 or TLR5 results in the production of ________ that induces differentiation of CD4 T cells into __________.

 

1. IL-12; T_H1
2. IL-12; T_H2
3. IL-10; T_H1
4. IL-10; T_H2
5. IL-4; T_H1

 

Answer: A

Section: Interactions Between the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems

Difficulty: 1

Hint: T_H1 responses are more protective against gram-negative bacteria.

 

21. Dendritic cells present _____________ antigens on class I MHC through a process known as cross presentation.

 

1. endogenous
2. exogenous
3. bacterial
4. viral
5. complex

 

Answer: B

Section: Interactions Between the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems

Difficulty: 2

Hint: Cross presentation is different than the usual pathway.

 

22. Activation of B cells with TLR rather than with T-cell help would result in the overall antibody response being:

 

1. more specific.
2. more long lasting.
3. more polyclonal.
5. more protective.

 

Answer: C

Section: Interactions Between the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems

Difficulty: Understanding/Application

Hint: In order for a T cell to help a B cell, it usually recognizes the same antigen.

 

23. Which type of vaccine would MOST likely require an adjuvant?

 

1. Killed bacteria
2. Attenuated virus
3. Inactivated virus
4. Purified protein
5. All of the above

 

Answer: D

Section: Interactions Between the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems

Difficulty: 3

Hint: Adjuvants are required when the vaccine itself does not contain sufficient PAMPs.

 

24. At what point in evolution did adaptive immunity develop?

 

Answer: Around the same point that fish developed jaws.

Section: Ubiquity of Innate Immunity

Difficulty: 3

Hint: Organisms with adaptive immune systems have antibodies.

 

25. Which of the following defenses is MOST likely to protect a plant from a microbial pathogen?

 

1. Antibodies
2. CTL
3. Phagocytes
4. Reactive-oxygen species
5. CD4

 

Answer: D

Section: Ubiquity of Innate Immunity

Difficulty: 2

Hint: Plants do not have adaptive immunity.

 

26. Imagine you are walking barefoot across a pasture when your foot becomes punctured with a dirty splinter. Describe the physiological and molecular changes that occur in your foot over the next few hours.

 

Answer: Many potential correct answers. Phagocytes in the area would respond to PAMPs and damaged cells by secreting cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-a.  This would result in swelling and redness in the area as chemokines get released and other leukocytes leave the bloodstream and enter the tissue.

Section: All Sections

Difficulty: 3

Hint: How would phagocytes respond to PAMPs?