Life The Science of Biology 9Th Edition by david Sadava - Test Bank

Life The Science of Biology 9Th Edition by david Sadava – Test Bank

 

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Life: The Science of Biology, Ninth Edition

Sadava • Hillis • Heller • Berenbaum

 

Chapter 5: Cells: The Working Units of Life

 

 

TEST FILE QUESTIONS

(By Catherine Ueckert)

 

Multiple Choice

 

1. Most plant and animal cells are
2. smaller than a chloroplast.
3. smaller than most bacteria.
4. large enough to be seen with a light microscope.
5. smaller than small molecules.
6. large enough to be seen with the unaided eye.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Page: 78

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

2. The surface area-to-volume ratio of an object can be decreased by
3. cutting it into smaller pieces.
4. flattening it.
5. stretching it.
6. making it spherical.
7. All of the above

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Page: 78

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

3. What must cells do in order to survive?
4. Obtain and process energy
5. Convert genetic information into proteins
6. Keep certain biochemical reactions separate from one another
7. Both a and b
8. All of the above

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Page: 78

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

4. How does the surface area-to-volume ratio of a 1-mm cube compare to the surface area-to-volume ratio of a 3-mm cube?
5. The 3-mm cube has a higher ratio.
6. The ratio increases as the cube becomes larger.
7. Increasing the volume increases the ratio.
8. The ratio decreases as the cube becomes larger.
9. The ratio does not change.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Page: 78

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

5. The surface area-to-volume ratio of a cell
6. can be increased by increasing the volume of the cell.
7. can be decreased by decreasing the surface area.
8. explains why cells are small.
9. is of little significance to maintaining cell homeostasis.
10. None of the above

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Page: 78–79

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

6. A general function of all cellular membranes is to
7. regulate which materials can cross the membrane.
8. support the cell and determine its shape.
9. produce energy for the cell.
10. produce proteins for the cell.
11. move the cell.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Page: 79

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

7. What is the major distinction between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?
8. A prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus, whereas a eukaryotic cell does.
9. A prokaryotic cell does not have DNA, whereas a eukaryotic cell does.
10. A prokaryotic cell is smaller than a eukaryotic cell.
11. Prokaryotic cells have not prospered, whereas eukaryotic cells are evolutionary “successes.”
12. A prokaryotic cell cannot obtain energy from its environment.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Page: 80

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

8. Members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea
9. have nuclei.
10. have chloroplasts.
11. are multicellular.
12. are prokaryotes.
13. have flagella.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Page: 80

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

9. A prokaryotic cell does not have a _______ or _______.
10. nucleus; membrane-bound organelles
11. nucleus; DNA
12. nucleus; ribosomes
13. nucleus; membranes
14. cell wall; membranes

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Page: 80–81

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

10. Ribosomes are not visible under a light microscope, but they can be seen with an electron microscope because
11. electron beams have more energy than light beams.
12. electron microscopes focus light with magnets.
13. electron microscopes have more resolving power than light microscopes.
14. electrons have such high energy that they pass through biological samples.
15. living cells can be observed under the electron microscope.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Page: 81

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

11. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?
12. A plasma membrane
13. A nuclear envelope
14. A nucleoid
15. Ribosomes
16. Enzymes

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Page: 82

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

12. Which of the following is (are) found in prokaryotic cells?
13. Mitochondria
14. Chloroplasts
15. Nuclear membrane
16. Ribosomes
17. Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Page: 82

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

13. The DNA of prokaryotic cells is found in the
14. plasma membrane.
15. nucleus.
16. ribosome.
17. nucleoid region.
18. mitochondria.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Page: 82

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

14. Ribosomes are made up of
15. DNA and RNA.
16. DNA and proteins.
17. RNA and proteins.
18. proteins.
19. DNA.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Page: 82

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

15. The cytosol
16. is a static region of the cell.
17. contains DNA.
18. is composed largely of water.
19. supports the cell and determines its shape.
20. chemically modifies proteins and other molecules.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Page: 82

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

16. A specialized structure found in some prokaryotes is the
17. cell wall.
18. ribosome.
19. cytosol.
20. mitochondrion.
21. chloroplast.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Page: 83

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

17. Specialized cellular appendages of prokaryotes that help bacteria adhere to one another when they exchange genetic material are called
18. the Golgi apparatus.
19. cilia.
20. flagella.
21. pili.
22. b, c, and d

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Page: 83

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

18. In some prokaryotic organisms, the plasma membrane folds to form an internal membrane system that is able to
19. carry on photosynthesis.
20. engulf and phagocytize bacteria.
21. synthesize proteins.
22. propel the cell.
23. hydrolyze carbohydrates to ATP.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Page: 83

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

19. Some bacteria are able to propel themselves through liquid by means of a structure called the
20. flagellum.
21. pilus.
22. cytoplasm.
23. cell wall.
24. peptidoglycan molecule.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Page: 83

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

20. If you removed the pili from a bacterial cell, the bacterium would
21. no longer be able to swim.
22. lose some of its ability to adhere to other cells.
23. no longer be able to regulate the movement of molecules into and out of the cell.
24. dry out.
25. change its shape.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Page: 83

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

21. Prokaryotic cells generally are smaller than eukaryotic cells because
22. prokaryotes have more diverse energy sources.
23. prokaryotes have a capsule that limits cell growth.
24. the rigid cell wall of prokaryotes limits cell size.
25. prokaryotes lack the genetic material needed for protein synthesis.
26. only eukaryotes have compartmentalization, which allows for specialization.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 84

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

22. Biological membranes in a eukaryotic cell
23. separate the cell from its environment.
24. regulate what goes into and out of the cell.
25. help maintain a constant internal environment.
26. communicate with adjacent cells.
27. All of the above

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 84

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

23. The membrane surrounding each organelle
24. is composed of hydrophobic proteins.
25. regulates traffic into and out of the cell.
26. is studded with ribosomes.
27. allows for interactions among molecules.
28. is perforated with pores.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 84

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

24. The role of organelles is to
25. provide structural support for the cell.
26. decrease the flow of materials into and out of the cell.
27. increase the efficiency of cellular activities.
28. provide a means of cellular reproduction.
29. regulate the flow of traffic inside the cell.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 84

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

25. Which of the following statements about the nuclear envelope is true?
26. It contains pores for the passage of large molecules.
27. It is composed of two membranes.
28. It contains ribosomes on the inner surface.
29. Both a and b
30. All of the above

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 85

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

26. A large organelle found in eukaryotic cells that genetically controls the cell’s activities is the
27. chloroplast.
28. nucleus.
29. flagellum.
30. vacuole.
31. centriole.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 85

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

27. You would not expect to find RNA in which of the following structures?
28. Nucleus
29. Mitochondrion
30. Vacuole
31. Ribosome
32. Prokaryotic cell

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 85

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

28. Of the following structures of an animal cell, the one with the largest volume is the
29. cilium.
30. mitochondrion.
31. lysosome.
32. nucleus.
33. ribosome.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 85

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

29. Ribosomes are the structures in which
30. chemical energy is stored in the form of ATP.
31. cell division is controlled.
32. genetic information is used to make proteins.
33. sunlight energy is converted into chemical energy.
34. new organelles are made.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 85

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

30. Ribosomes are not found in
31. mitochondria.
32. chloroplasts.
33. the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
34. prokaryotic cells.
35. the Golgi apparatus.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 85

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

31. What is the difference between “free” and “attached” ribosomes?
32. Free ribosomes are in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes are anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum.
33. Free ribosomes produce proteins in the cytosol, whereas attached ribosomes produce proteins that are inserted into the ER.
34. Free ribosomes produce proteins that are exported from the cell, whereas attached ribosomes make proteins for mitochondria and chloroplasts.
35. Both a and b
36. Both a and c

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 85, 89

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

32. One difference between plant and animal cells is that
33. only animal cells have mitochondria.
34. only animal cells contain centrioles.
35. plant cells have a cell wall, whereas animal cells have a plasma membrane.
36. plant cells lack a cytoskeleton.
37. only plant cells have peroxisomes.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 86–87

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

33. Chromatin is a series of entangled threads composed of
34. microtubules.
35. DNA and protein.
36. fibrous proteins.
37. cytoskeleton.
38. membranes.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 88

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

34. The function of the nuclear pores is to
35. synthesize and repair DNA, the unit of genetic information.
36. assemble ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized in the nucleus.
37. communicate with components of the endomembrane system.
38. regulate movement of materials across the nuclear membrane.
39. support the nuclear envelope.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 88

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

35. A component of the nucleus that may be involved in the aging process is the
36. nuclear lamina.
37. nuclear pore.
38. nuclear matrix.
39. nucleoplasm.
40. nuclear envelope.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 88

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

36. The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the
37. nucleus.
38. Golgi apparatus.
39. nucleolus.
40. plasma membrane.
41. mitochondria.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 88–89

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

37. Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system?
38. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
39. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
40. Golgi apparatus
41. Lysosomes
42. Plastids

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 89

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

38. The rough ER is the portion of the ER that
39. lacks ribosomes.
40. is the oldest and was once the smooth ER.
41. has ribosomes attached to it.
42. is connected to the Golgi apparatus.
43. is the site of steroid synthesis.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 89

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

39. Cholesterol is synthesized by
40. chloroplasts.
41. lysosomes.
42. the SER.
43. the Golgi.
44. mitochondria.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 89

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

40. Proteins that are transported in vesicles are made by
41. the Golgi apparatus.
42. ribosomes within the mitochondrion.
43. the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
44. ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
45. ribosomes within chloroplasts.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 89

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

41. Proteins from the Golgi are transported to the correct location by means of
42. glycoproteins found on the packaged proteins.
43. the general flow of vesicles within the cell.
44. the control provided by the nucleus.
45. motor proteins.
46. microtubules.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 89

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

42. An organelle consisting of a series of flattened sacks stacked somewhat like pancakes is the
43. mitochondrion.
44. chloroplast.
45. Golgi apparatus.
46. rough endoplasmic reticulum.
47. flagellum.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 90

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

43. Cells that synthesize a large amount of protein, such as _______ cells, are packed with rough endoplasmic reticulum.
44. liver
45. glandular
46. red blood
47. skin
48. brain

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 90

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

44. Cells that perform little protein synthesis but are in­volved with protein modification typically have large numbers or amounts of
45. RER.
46. mitochondria.
47. ribosomes.
48. SER.
49. lysosomes.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 90

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

45. A secondary lysosome is a lysosome that
46. provides a backup to the primary lysosomes.
47. is smaller than a primary lysosome.
48. will become a primary lysosome when it fuses with a phagosome.
49. is a primary lysosome that has fused with a phagosome.
50. has exocytosed.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 91

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

46. Lysosomes are important to eukaryotic cells because they contain
47. photosynthetic pigments.
48. starch molecules for energy storage.
49. their own DNA molecules.
50. the cells’ waste materials.
51. digestive enzymes.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 91

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

47. Which of the following statements about lysosomes is true?
48. They are the sites where autophagy occurs.
49. They provide turgor in plant cells.
50. They may contain anthocyanins that aid in pollination.
51. They are found only in plants.
52. They may have arisen through endosymbiosis.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 92

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

48. The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane
49. increase the volume of the mitochondrial matrix.
50. create membrane-enclosed compartments within the mitochondrion.
51. increase the surface area for the exchange of substances across the membrane.
52. anchor the mitochondrial DNA.
53. have no known purpose.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 92

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

49. In the mitochondria, “food” molecules are converted to ATP by a process known as
50. cellular respiration.
51. metabolism.
52. diffusion.
53. metabolic processing.
54. catabolism.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 92

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

50. The DNA of mitochondria
51. is needed to hydrolyze monomers.
52. is used to make proteins needed for cellular respiration.
53. directs photosynthesis.
54. controls the cell’s activities.
55. synthesizes polysaccharides for the plant cell wall.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 93

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

51. The DNA of a chloroplast is located in the
52. intermembrane space.
53. matrix.
54. cristae.
55. stroma.
56. granum.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 93

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

52. Components of chloroplasts include
53. grana and thylakoids.
54. chromatin and nucleoplasm.
55. cristae and matrix.
56. a trans region and a cis region.
57. lysosomes and phagosomes.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 93

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

53. Which type of organelle is found in plants but not in animals?
54. Ribosomes
55. Mitochondria
56. Nuclei
57. Plastids
58. None of the above

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 93

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

54. Chloroplasts are the structures in which
55. chemical energy is stored in the form of ATP.
56. cell division is controlled.
57. genetic information is used to make proteins.
58. sunlight energy is converted into chemical energy.
59. new organelles are made.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 93

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

55. Chloroplasts are a kind of
56. leucoplast.
57. endoplasmic reticulum.
58. chromoplast.
59. Golgi apparatus.
60. plastid.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 93

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

56. The carotenoid pigments that give ripe tomatoes their red color are contained in organelles called
57. chloroplasts.
58. proplastids.
59. protoplasts.
60. leucoplasts.
61. chromoplasts.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 94

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

57. Starch molecules are stored inside
58. chromoplasts.
59. granularplasts.
60. chloroplasts.
61. potatoplasts.
62. leucoplasts.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 94

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

58. Which of the following is a function of a plant cell vacuole?
59. Storage of toxic by-products and wastes
60. Support for the cell
61. Containment of animal-attracting pigments that aid in pollination
62. Hydrolysis of seed proteins into plant embryo food
63. All of the above

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 95

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

59. Which of the following organelles is found only in plant cells?
60. Cilium
61. Nucleus
62. Mitochondrion
63. Glyoxysome
64. Peroxisome

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 95

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

60. Of the following plant cell structures, which is most likely to have the greatest volume?
61. Glyoxysome
62. Lysosome
63. Chromosome
64. Ribosome
65. Vacuole

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 95

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

61. The overall shape of a cell is determined by its
62. cell membrane.
63. cytoskeleton.
64. nucleus.
65. cytosol.
66. endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 95

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

62. Which of the following is not a function of vacuoles?
63. Contributing to plant survival
64. Helping plants maintain turgor pressure
65. Containing pigments that aid in pollination
66. Aiding in plant embryo development
67. Helping to anchor the cell in place

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 95

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

63. Microvilli are created by projections of
64. microtubules.
65. actin.
66. myosin.
67. intermediate filaments.
68. None of the above

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 95–96

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

64. Microtubules are composed of monomers of
65. α- and β-tubulin.
66. δ- and λ-actin.
67. ρ- and σ-myosin.
68. κ tubules.
69. κ actinomin.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 96

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

65. Which of the following structures is (are) involved with maintaining the position of the organelles within a cell?
66. Golgi apparatus
67. Endoplasmic reticulum
68. Mitochondria
69. Microfilaments
70. Intermediate filaments

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 96

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

66. Hair and intermediate filaments are composed of
67. microtubules.
68. microfilaments.
69. collagen.
70. hydroxyapatite.
71. keratin.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 96

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

67. Microtubules are made of
68. actin, and they function in locomotion.
69. tubulin, and they are essential in chromosome distribution during mitosis.
70. tubulin, and they are found in microvilli.
71. actin, and they function to change cell shape.
72. polysaccharides, and they function in locomotion.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 97

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

68. An organelle with an internal cross-section showing a characteristic “9 + 2” morphology is the
69. mitochondrion.
70. vacuole.
71. Golgi apparatus.
72. flagellum.
73. cytoskeleton.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 97

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

69. Cilia
70. are shorter and more numerous than flagella.
71. are composed of microfilaments.
72. are composed of intermediate filaments.
73. propel ribosomes through the cytoplasm.
74. are needed for plasmodesmata to function.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 97

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

70. The surface area of the small intestine is greatly increased by
71. microtubules.
72. pili.
73. thylakoid membranes.
74. myosin.
75. microvilli.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 97

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

71. Which of the following organelles is found at the base of every eukaryotic cilium and flagellum?
72. Centriole
73. Basal body
74. Nucleolus
75. Flagellum
76. Microvillus

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 97

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

72. The cellular structures that are almost identical to centrioles are the
73. basal bodies.
74. microbodies.
75. chromoplasts.
76. microfilaments.
77. centromeres.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 97

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

73. The semirigid structure that supports the plant cell and determines its shape is the
74. capsule.
75. flagellum.
76. cell wall.
77. cytosol.
78. cytoplasm.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Page: 100

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

74. Uniform concentrations of cytoplasmic materials in plants are maintained by
75. motor proteins such as kinesin.
76. membrane-lined channels called plasmodesmata.
77. the semirigid cell wall.
78. constantly-beating cilia.
79. an internal cytoskeleton.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Page: 100

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

75. The type of cell that always lacks a cell wall is the _______ cell.
76. bacterial
77. plant
78. animal
79. fungal
80. prokaryotic

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Page: 100

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

76. The extracellular matrix of animal cells
77. is composed of cellulose.
78. contains plasmodesmata.
79. limits the cell volume by remaining rigid.
80. helps orient cell movements during embryonic development.
81. acts as a barrier to disease-causing fungi.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Page: 100

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

77. Some organelles in eukaryotic cells are thought to have
78. originated from extracellular symbiotic relationships.
79. their own endoplasmic reticulum.
80. their own mitochondria.
81. originated from endosymbiotic relationships.
82. the ability to live free from the host cell.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Page: 101

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

78. Which of the following organelles were once independent prokaryote organisms?
79. Mitochondria and lysosomes
80. Mitochondria and chloroplasts
81. Chloroplasts and Golgi apparatus
82. Golgi apparatus and ribosomes
83. Ribosomes and lysosomes

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Page: 101

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

79. Which of the following is not an argument for the endosymbiotic theory?
80. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are about the same size as prokaryotic cells.
81. Mitochondria and chloroplasts cannot be grown in culture, free of a host cell.
82. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have DNA and ribosomes.
83. Mitochondrial ribosomes synthesize proteins similar to those synthesized by bacterial ribosomes.
84. All of the above are arguments for the endosymbiotic theory.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Page: 101–102

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

Fill in the Blank

 

1. The fundamental unit of life is the _______.

Answer: cell

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Page: 77

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

2. The three principle tenets of biology—that all organisms are composed of cells, that all cells come from preexisting cells, and that cells are the fundamental units of life—make up the unifying principle known as the _______.

Answer: cell theory

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Page: 77

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

3. When you cut an orange in half, you _______ the surface area-to-volume ratio.

Answer: increase

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Page: 78

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

 

4. The ability of living organisms to maintain a constant internal environment is known as _______.

Answer: homeostasis

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Page: 79

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

5. The light microscope has glass lenses that focus visible light for imaging, whereas the electron microscope has _______ that focus electrons for imaging.

Answer: electromagnets

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Page: 80–81

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

6. Archaea and Bacteria do not typically have membrane-enclosed internal compartments; therefore, they are known as _______.

Answer: prokaryotes

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Page: 82

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

7. The DNA in a prokaryotic cell can be found in the _______ region.

Answer: nucleoid

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Page: 82

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

8. Some bacteria are not detected by the human immune system because they possess an outer layer of slime known as a _______.

Answer: capsule

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Page: 83

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

9. Membrane-bound compartments with distinctive shapes and functions are termed _______.

Answer: organelles

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 84

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

10. RNA is able to carry information for protein synthesis from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm by passing through small perforations in the nuclear membrane called _______.

Answer: nuclear pores

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 86

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

11. The shape of the nucleus is maintained by a protein meshwork called the _______.

Answer: nuclear lamina

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 88

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

12. A short sequence of amino acids that determines whether a protein enters the nucleus is called the _______.

Answer: NLS (or nuclear localization signal)

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 88

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

13. Steroids, fatty acids, and phospholipids are synthesized in the _______.

Answer: smooth ER

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 89

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

14. The _______ is an organelle that serves as a sort of “post office,” where some of the proteins synthesized on ribosomes and the rough ER are processed and sent to their destinations.

Answer: Golgi apparatus

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 90

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

15. The side of the Golgi facing the ER is the _______ face.

Answer: cis

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 90

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

16. The substances that enter the Golgi come from the _______.

Answer: ER (or endoplasmic reticulum)

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 90

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

17. The organelle with many folds, called cristae, is the _______.

Answer: mitochondrion

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 92

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

18. _______ is the process by which light energy is converted into chemical bonds.

Answer: Photosynthesis

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 93

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

19. Toxic peroxides that are formed unavoidably as side products of important cellular reactions are collected and neutralized in _______.

Answer: peroxisomes

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 94

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

20. _______ are involved in cytoplasmic streaming, in the “pinching” of a cell that ultimately divides an animal cell into two daughter cells, and in the formation of pseudopodia.

Answer: Microfilaments

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 95

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

21. Tough ropelike filaments that stabilize cell structure and resist tension are called _______ filaments.

Answer: intermediate

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 96

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

Diagram

 

1. The very large organelle shown below has genetic control of a cell’s activities. What is the name of this structure?

 

 

1. Mitochondrion
2. Endoplasmic reticulum
3. Nucleus
4. Vacuole
5. Golgi apparatus

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 88

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

2. The organelle shown below is found in all cells but is most numerous in cells requiring a large amount of energy (e.g., liver cells). What is the name of this organelle?

 

 

1. Lysosome
2. Golgi apparatus
3. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
4. Mitochondrion
5. Chloroplast

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 92

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

 

STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS

(By Ed Dzialowski)

 

Knowledge and Synthesis

 

1. A mass of cells is found in the sediment surrounding a thermal vent in the ocean floor. The salinity in the area is quite high. Microscopic examination of the cells reveals no evidence of membrane-enclosed organelles. This cell would be classified as a
2. eukaryotic cell.
3. prokaryotic cell.
4. member of domain Archaea or Bacteria.
5. Both a and c
6. Both b and c

Answer: e

Feedback: Several characteristics suggest that this is a prokaryote. It survives in high salinity and high heat, although the sure indication is that it contains no membrane-enclosed organelles. Prokaryotes are in the domain Archaea and Bacteria.

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Page: 82

 

2. Centrifugation of a cell results in the rupture of the cell membrane and the compacting of the contents into a pellet in the bottom of the centrifuge tube. Bathing this pellet with a glucose solution yields metabolic activity, including the production of ATP. One of the contents of this pellet is most likely which of the following?
3. Cytosol
4. Mitochondria
5. Lysosomes
6. Golgi bodies
7. Thylakoids

Answer: b

Feedback: The pellet is undergoing cellular respiration, a function that occurs in the mitochondria. You can also assume that if the single membrane of the cell itself is ruptured, other organelles enclosed in single membranes would be ruptured as well.

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 92

 

3. Eukaryotic cells are thought to be derived from prokaryotic cells that underwent phagocytosis without digestion of the phagocytized cell. This mutualistic relationship is explained by the _______ theory.
4. endosymbiotic
5. cell
6. evolutionary
7. parasite
8. prokaryotic

Answer: a

Feedback: The endosymbiotic theory explains the presence of DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts as well as the presence of two membranes around these organelles.

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Page: 101

 

4. Though science fiction has produced stories like “The Blob,” we do not see very many large single-celled organisms. Which of the following tends to limit cell size?
5. The difficulty in maintaining a continuous large membrane
6. The difficulty of reproduction in a large cell
7. Surface area-to-volume ratios
8. All of the above
9. None of the above

Answer: c

Feedback: As volume increases, the surface area available for exchange does not increase proportionally. Eventually the surface is not large enough for maintenance of the metabolic activity of the cell.

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Page: 78–79

 

5. Microscopes are used to resolve images that cannot be seen with the unaided eye. Electron microscopes use _______ to resolve images, whereas light microscopes use _______ to resolve images.
6. light and lenses; diffraction of electron beams
7. diffraction of electron beams; light and lenses
8. lasers; light and lenses
9. light and lenses; lasers
10. None of the above

Answer: b

Feedback: In electron microscopy, a concentrated beam of electrons is focused on an object, allowing resolution of structures as small as 2 nm. Light microscopy, using lights and lenses, can only resolve objects down to approximately 0.2 μm.

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Page: 80–81

 

6. What is the correct cellular function of the RER?
7. DNA synthesis
8. Photosynthesis
9. Cellular respiration
10. Protein synthesis
11. mRNA degradation

Answer: d

Feedback: The RER is the site of protein synthesis.

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 89

 

7. Photosynthesis occurs in the
8. chloroplast.
9. mitochondria.
10. Golgi apparatus.
11. nucleus.
12. RER.

Answer: a

Feedback: The chloroplasts are the organelles involved in photosynthesis.

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 93

 

8. Lysosomes are involved in
9. DNA synthesis.
10. the breakdown of phagocytized material.
11. protein folding.
12. pigment production.
13. cell membrane production.

Answer: b

Feedback: Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes used to break down macromolecules taken in by phagocytosis.

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 91

 

9. The packaging of proteins to be used outside the cell occurs in the
10. nucleus.
11. SER.
12. Golgi apparatus.
13. chromoplast.
14. nuclear pore.

Answer: c

Feedback: The Golgi apparatus packages proteins for both internal and external use.

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 90

 

10. Which of the following organelles is not enclosed in a double membrane?
11. Nucleus
12. Chloroplast
13. Mitochondrion
14. RER
15. All of the above have double membranes.

Answer: d

Feedback: The nucleus, the mitochondria, and the chloroplasts are the only organelles enclosed in double membranes.

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 88, 92–93

 

11. Movement of cells in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes is accomplished by which of the following structures?
12. Cilia
13. Pili
14. Dynein
15. Cell membranes
16. Flagella

Answer: e

Feedback: Though the flagella are of different structures, they serve the same role in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 98

 

12. Which of the following statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts is true?
13. Animal cells produce chloroplasts.
14. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts may be found in the same cell.
15. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are not found in the same cell.
16. In certain conditions, chloroplasts can revert to mitochondria.
17. None of the above

Answer: b

Feedback: Mitochondria and chloroplasts may be found in the same cell. Almost all eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria.

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 92–93

 

13. Which of the following statements best describes ribosomes?
14. Ribosomes guide protein synthesis.
15. Ribosomes are found only in the nucleus or on the RER.
16. There are no ribosomes in the mitochondria.
17. Ribosomes are the site of photosynthesis.
18. All of the above

Answer: a

Feedback: Ribosomes, found in the nucleus, the cytosol, and in organelles such as the mitochondria, RER, and chloroplasts, complex with RNA to guide protein production.

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 90

 

14. Nuclear DNA exists as a complex of proteins called _______ that condenses into _______ during cellular division.
15. chromosomes; chromatin
16. chromatids; chromosomes
17. chromophors; chromatin
18. chromatin; chromosomes
19. None of the above

Answer: d

Feedback: The complex of proteins and DNA is called chromatin. Chromatin takes the form of chromosomes only during cell reproduction.

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 89

 

15. Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum differ
16. only by the presence (RER) or absence (SER) of ribosomes.
17. both in the presence (RER) or absence (SER) of ribosomes and in their function.
18. only in microscopic appearance.
19. only in their function.
20. None of the above

Answer: b

Feedback: Both the structure and the function of RER and SER differ.

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 89

 

Application

 

1. Explain how microtubules and dynein function to make cilia and flagella move.

Answer: Dynein molecules bind to pairs of microtubules in the flagella or cilia. With the addition of cellular energy, the dynein molecules undergo a conformational change that results in microtubules sliding past one another, resulting in a whiplike motion of the flagella.

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 97–98

 

2. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Answer: Prokaryotic cells are small in size, have no membrane-enclosed organelles, are found only in domains Archaea and Bacteria, and have DNA in a nucleoid; Eukaryotic cells are 10 or more times greater in size, have membrane-enclosed organelles, are found in all domains other than Archaea and Bacteria, and have DNA in a nucleus.

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Are the Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells? 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 82, 84

 

3. Explain the significance of organelles. What are the costs and benefits of having large compartmentalized cells?

Answer: Organelles allow different metabolic environments to exist in the same cell. This partitioning of jobs allows for greater specialization but comes at an energy cost. Eukaryotic cells are more energy expensive.

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 84

 

4. What is the primary function of a cell membrane? What characteristics of membranes allow them to contribute to metabolic activity?

Answer: A cell membrane exists to form an inside and an outside of a cell. The presence of an inside and an outside allows for the establishment of different environments. In addition, membranes hold integral proteins with a variety of chemical properties and activities. This allows for the enzymatic activity associated with membranes. Stacks of membranes, such as those in mitochondria and chloroplasts, increase the amount of chemical activity in an area.

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Page: 79

 

5. The organelles that contain their own DNA are all enclosed in double membranes. Relate this observation to the endosymbiotic theory.

Answer: See Figure 5.26 for a description of the origin of double membranes from endosymbiosis.

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Page: 102

 

6. There are structural similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts. If we can assume that form follows function, what would be the explanation for the similarities between these two organelles?

Answer: Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are involved in energy-transformation activities that require many enzymes. The stacking or folding of membranes provides enzymatic activity centers for these reactions.

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 92–93

 

 

TEXTBOOK SELF-QUIZ

 

1. Which structure is generally present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic plant cells?
2. Chloroplasts
3. Cell wall
4. Nucleus
5. Mitochondria
6. Microtubules

Answer: b

 

2. The major factor limiting cell size is the
3. concentration of water in the cytoplasm.
4. need for energy.
5. presence of membrane-enclosed organelles.
6. ratio of surface area to volume.
7. composition of the plasma membrane.

Answer: d

 

3. Which statement about mitochondria is not true?
4. The inner mitochondrial membrane folds to form cristae.
5. The outer membrane is relatively permeable to macromolecules.
6. Mitochondria are green because they contain chlorophyll.
7. Fuel molecules from the cytosol are used for respiration in mitochondria.
8. ATP is synthesized in mitochondria.

Answer: c

 

4. Which statement about plastids is true?
5. They are found in prokaryotes.
6. They are surrounded by a single membrane.
7. They are the sites of cellular respiration.
8. They are found only in fungi.
9. They may contain several types of pigments or polysaccharides.

Answer: e

 

5. If all the lysosomes within a cell suddenly ruptured, what would be the most likely result?
6. The macromolecules in the cytosol would break down.
7. More proteins would be made.
8. The DNA within mitochondria would break down.
9. The mitochondria and chloroplasts would divide.
10. There would be no change in cell function.

Answer: a

 

6. The Golgi apparatus
7. is found only in animals.
8. is found in prokaryotes.
9. is the appendage that moves a cell around in its environment.
10. is a site of rapid ATP production.
11. modifies and packages proteins.

Answer: e

 

7. Which structure is not surrounded by one or more membranes?
8. Ribosome
9. Chloroplast
10. Mitochondrion
11. Peroxisome
12. Vacuole

Answer: a

 

8. The cytoskeleton consists of
9. cilia, flagella, and microfilaments.
10. cilia, microtubules, and microfilaments.
11. internal cell walls.
12. microtubules, intermediate filaments, and micro­filaments.
13. calcified microtubules.

Answer: d

 

9. Microfilaments
10. are composed of polysaccharides.
11. are composed of actin.
12. allow cilia and flagella to move.
13. make up the spindle that aids the movement of chromosomes.
14. maintain the position of the chloroplast in the cell.

Answer: b

 

10. Which statement about the plant cell wall is not true?
11. Its principal chemical components are polysaccharides.
12. It lies outside the plasma membrane.
13. It provides support for the cell.
14. It completely isolates adjacent cells from one another.
15. It is semirigid.

Answer: d

 

 

BIOPORTAL DIAGNOSTIC QUIZ (Personalized Study Plan Quiz)

(By Richard McCarty)

 

1. Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane of eukaryotes?
2. Perceiving chemical signals
3. Making ATP
4. Adhering to other cells
5. Ion homeostasis
6. Selective uptake

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Page: 79

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

2. Prokaryotes
3. have a cell wall similar in composition to that of plant cells.
4. have a nucleus.
5. do not have ribosomes.
6. are surrounded by a plasma membrane.
7. are larger than eukaryotic cells.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Page: 82–83

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

3. Plant cells do not have lysosomes. Which of the following structures likely fulfills the function of lysosomes in plant cell?
4. Vacuole
5. Peroxisome
6. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
7. Golgi apparatus
8. Chloroplast

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 84

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

4. Which of the following statements about the nucleus in animal cells is false?
5. The nucleus occupies the largest volume of the cell.
6. DNA replication takes place in the nucleus.
7. The nucleus is the site of protein synthesis.
8. DNA in the nucleus combines with proteins.
9. The nucleolus is located in the nucleus.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 85, 88

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

5. Which of the following organelles is involved in energy conversions?
6. Lysosomes
7. Vacuoles
8. Chloroplasts
9. Peroxisomes
10. Nuclei

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 85, 91–94

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

6. Nucleic acids are not found in which of the following structures?
7. The nucleus
8. Mitochondria
9. Plant vacuoles
10. Ribosomes
11. Prokaryotic cells

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 85, 92–93, 95

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

7. The endomembrane system
8. is present in prokaryotes.
9. includes the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus.
10. includes the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum.
11. functions to make ATP.
12. does not exist in plant cells.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 89

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

8. Which one of the processes listed below is not carried out by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
9. protein synthesis.
10. modification of proteins.
11. chemical modification of foreign molecules, including drugs.
12. lipid biosynthesis.
13. steroid biosynthesis

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 89–90

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

9. Some proteins that are on the surface of mammalian cells contain carbohydrates. These proteins are synthesized by _______ and the sugars added in the _______.
10. mitochondrial ribosomes; smooth endoplasmic reticulum
11. the rough endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus
12. cytoplasmic ribosomes; smooth endoplasmic reticulum
13. Golgi apparatus; rough endoplasmic reticulum
14. cytoplasmic ribosomes; plasma membrane

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 89–91

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

10. Lysosomes
11. are derived from the endoplasmic reticulum.
12. are derived from the Golgi apparatus.
13. contain enzymes that synthesize proteins.
14. have a higher internal pH than the cytoplasm.
15. are derived from the plasma membrane.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 91–92

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

11. Plastids are
12. present in all eukaryotes.
13. always green.
14. present in photosynthetic prokaryotes.
15. present in nearly all plant cells.
16. very similar to mitochondria.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 93–94

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

 

12. The cytoskeleton
13. includes flagella.
14. is fully present in prokaryotes.
15. moves organelles within cells.
16. is composed of polymers of nucleotides.
17. surrounds cells like cell walls.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 95

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

13. Which of the following structures occupies the largest volume in a mature plant cell?
14. Peroxisome
15. Ribosome
16. Chloroplast
17. Vacuole
18. Mitochondrion

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 95

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

14. Which of the following statements best describes what happens to the organelles of the pepper fruit cells as the fruit turns from green to red?
15. Leucoplasts become chloroplasts
16. Chloroplasts become leucoplasts
17. Chromoplasts become chloroplasts
18. Leucoplasts become chromoplasts
19. Chloroplasts become chromoplasts

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 95

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

 

15. Which of the following structures is involved with the movement of organelles within a cell?
16. Golgi apparatus
17. Endoplasmic reticulum
18. Mitochondrion
19. Microtubules
20. Intermediate filaments

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 97

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

16. Cilia and eukaryotic flagella
17. propel cells by rotation of the structures.
18. contain microfilaments.
19. contain microtubules that are sufficient to drive movement.
20. must have a motor protein that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to power movement.
21. contain centrioles.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 97–98

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

17. Which of the following proteins powers both the movement of cilia and vesicles within a cell?
18. Myosin
19. Actin
20. Keratin
21. Dynein
22. Kinesin

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Page: 98

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

18. The extracellular matrix of animal cells
19. holds cells together.
20. contains collagen.
21. contains proteoglycans.
22. is involved in chemical signaling between cells.
23. All of the above

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Page: 100

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

19. Which of the following organelles were probably once independent prokaryote organisms?
20. Mitochondria and lysosomes
21. Mitochondria and chloroplasts
22. Chloroplasts and Golgi apparatus
23. Golgi apparatus and ribosomes
24. Ribosomes and lysosomes

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Page: 101

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

 

20. Which one of the following organelles is thought to have arisen from an endosymbiotic relationship with a prokaryote?
21. Mitochondria
22. Nuclei
23. Golgi apparatus
24. Lysosomes
25. Peroxisomes

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Page: 101–102

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding