Management of Occupational Health and Safety Canadian 7th Edition By Kelloway - Test Bank

Management of Occupational Health and Safety Canadian 7th Edition By Kelloway – Test Bank

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Chapter 5 Physical Agents
MULTICHOICE
1. What three characteristics is the human hearing response conditional on?
(A) duration, standards, and loudness
(B) loudness, duration, and level
(C) frequency, standards, and level
(D) frequency, duration, and loudness
Answer : (D)
2. In what three ways can noise affect humans?
(A) cognitive effects, sensorineural damage, and sociological effects
(B) physiological damage, physiological effects, and psychological effects
(C) sociological damage, psychological effects, and sensorineural damage
(D) physiological effects, sociological effects, and cognitive damage
Answer : (B)
3. What two basic types of physiological damage can create hearing loss?
(A) trauma and infection
(B) sensorineural and infection
(C) conductive and sensorineural
(D) trauma and conductive
Answer : (C)
4. According to the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, when might a workplace
be too noisy?
(A) when employees have to raise their voices to be understood
(B) when employees have chronic ear infections
(C) when employees have a general feeling of fatigue
(D) when one employee has a hearing problem
Answer : (A)
5. Long-distance truck drivers could be subject to what whole-body vibration-related problem as a
result of sitting over or near the engine for long periods of time?
(A) Raynaud’s phenomenon
(B) impaired vision
(C) sore joints
(D) muscle atrophy
Answer : (B)
6. Rick is the supervisor of a road crew working on highway resurfacing. What administrative
control would help his workers acclimatize to working in the heat?
(A) a heat stress assessment
(B) reduced worker activity
(C) cooling vests
(D) mandatory water break policy
Answer : (D)
7. What condition is an employee likely experiencing if he or she reports tingling in the fingers, loss
of sensation in the fingers, and loss of grip strength?
(A) HAVS
(B) hyperpyrexia
(C) hyperreflexia
(D) neuritis
Answer : (A)
8. HAVS is an acronym for which of the following syndromes?
(A) hearing adherence vibration syndrome
(B) hearing accumulation vibration syndrome
(C) hearing avocation vibration syndrome
(D) hand-arm vibration syndrome
Answer : (D)
9. Which of the following decibel (dB) differences represents a doubling of “loudness”?
(A) 80 dB to 82 dB
(B) 80 dB to 83 dB
(C) 80 dB to 90 dB
(D) 80 dB to 160 dB
Answer : (B)
10. What heat-related condition could you resolve by giving workers salty crackers along with some
water?
(A) heat stroke
(B) heat syncope
(C) heat cramps
(D) heat hyperpyrexia
Answer : (C)
11. Which of the following forms of ionizing radiation does not occur naturally?
(A) gamma rays
(B) X-rays
(C) alpha particles
(D) beta particles
Answer : (B)
12. What index is used to measure thermal stress?
(A) global temperature index
(B) humidex range index
(C) comfort index
(D) wet bulb globe temperature index
Answer : (D)
13. What statistical value should Aiko look at to compare the hearing protection of various devices
on the market?
(A) dB(A)
(B) Hz
(C) watt
(D) NRR
Answer : (D)
14. What factor would explain why, in a cold climate, Worker A can raise their body temperature by
four degrees by jogging on the spot or skipping with a rope, whereas Worker B can only raise their
body temperature by two degrees?
(A) Worker A is in better physical condition.
(B) Worker B is an older worker.
(C) Worker A is a non-smoker.
(D) Worker B is female.
Answer : (D)
15. At what core body temperature does mild hypothermia start to set in?
(A) 23.9oC to 25.6o C
(B) 32.2oC to 30oC
(C) 37.2oC to 36.1oC
(D) 35oC to 33.9oC
Answer : (C)
16. Which of the following devices emits ionizing radiation?
(A) computer monitor
(B) fluorescent light
(C) tanning bed
(D) hospital scanner
Answer : (D)
17. When assessing the impact of vibration on employee health which of the following is NOT
evaluated?
(A) the source of the vibration energy
(B) the intensity and frequency of the vibration
(C) the part of the body that receives the vibration energy
(D) the duration of exposure to the vibration
Answer : (A)
18. School boards can generate the “free field effect” for teachers by taking what action?
(A) requiring open classroom windows
(B) installing white noise machines
(C) having longer recess and lunch periods
(D) making teachers close classroom doors
Answer : (C)
19. What is the required noise attenuation in a commercial laundry where actual noise level is 95
dB(A) and the standard is 88 dB(a) for eight hours?
(A) 1 dB(A)
(B) 14 dB(A)
(C) 49 dB(A)
(D) 176 dB(A)
Answer : (B)
20. Akanksha is a dental hygienist who cleans patients’ teeth for 35 hours a week. What is the most
realistic way of minimizing segmental vibration from the electric polishing brush?
(A) using a manual polishing brush
(B) reducing the number of patients that she sees
(C) loosening her grip on the polishing brush
(D) adding padding to the handle of the brush
Answer : (D)
21. Scenario 5-1
Imagine a large-scale kitchen operation such as the Mandarin, Boston Pizza, or Swiss Chalet. Even
though restaurant customers might experience a relatively quiet, comfortable, and relaxing
atmosphere out front, in the kitchen area there are many physical agents that can impair the safety
and health of kitchen workers and servers.
Refer to Scenario 5-1: During the dinner hour when there are a lot of boiling pots, frying pans, and
hot ovens in constant operation, what is likely to be the typical humidex range captured using the
WGBT index?
(A) 20-29 degrees C
(B) 30-39 degrees C
(C) 40-45 degrees C
(D) 46+ degrees C
Answer : (C)
22. Scenario 5-1
Imagine a large-scale kitchen operation such as the Mandarin, Boston Pizza, or Swiss Chalet. Even
though restaurant customers might experience a relatively quiet, comfortable, and relaxing
atmosphere out front, in the kitchen area there are many physical agents that can impair the safety
and health of kitchen workers and servers.
Refer to Scenario 5-1: If a kitchen worker gets locked into the walk-in freezer either by accident or
by a misguided prank, when you finally find them what symptom would tell you that they are
suffering from moderate hypothermia?
(A) intense pain in fingers
(B) abnormal drowsiness
(C) decreased respiration
(D) irrational behaviour
Answer : (B)
23. Scenario 5-1
Imagine a large-scale kitchen operation such as the Mandarin, Boston Pizza, or Swiss Chalet. Even
though restaurant customers might experience a relatively quiet, comfortable, and relaxing
atmosphere out front, in the kitchen area there are many physical agents that can impair the safety
and health of kitchen workers and servers.
Refer to Scenario 5-1: From which source could a chef or sous chef (preparation cook) be exposed to
ionizing radiation?
(A) microwave oven
(B) kitchen computer
(C) vegetables
(D) aluminum pan
Answer : (C)
24. Scenario 5-1
Imagine a large-scale kitchen operation such as the Mandarin, Boston Pizza, or Swiss Chalet. Even
though restaurant customers might experience a relatively quiet, comfortable, and relaxing
atmosphere out front, in the kitchen area there are many physical agents that can impair the safety
and health of kitchen workers and servers.
Refer to Scenario 5-1: There are four mechanical dishwashers in the kitchen running at the following
sound ratings: 82 dB, 84 dB, 86 dB, and 88 dB. A 2 dB difference translates to a noise factor
increase of 2.1 dB, a 4 dB difference to a factor of 1.5, and a 6 dB difference to a factor of 1.0. Given
this information, what is the total noise level coming from the dishwashers?
(A) 85.0 dB
(B) 86.1 dB
(C) 87.5 dB
(D) 89.0 dB
Answer : (D)
25. Scenario 5-1
Imagine a large-scale kitchen operation such as the Mandarin, Boston Pizza, or Swiss Chalet. Even
though restaurant customers might experience a relatively quiet, comfortable, and relaxing
atmosphere out front, in the kitchen area there are many physical agents that can impair the safety
and health of kitchen workers and servers.
Refer to Scenario 5-1: The kitchen has a number of large floor-standing mixers for mixing large
batches of cake and bread dough. The frequency of these mixers is 75 Hz. What part of the body
would be affected by resonance at this frequency?
(A) head
(B) eyeballs
(C) shoulder
(D) arms
Answer : (B)
TRUEFALSE
26. The eye is the primary organ at risk from non-ionizing radiation.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (A)
27. Dog trainers can experience hearing loss from using a “silent” dog whistle.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (A)
28. Engineers working in the engine room of a cruise ship are more likely to experience segmental
vibration than chefs working in the cruise ship kitchen.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (B)
29. Hyperpyrexia is the condition of unusually quick reaction by the nerves to some external
stimulus.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (B)
30. To measure the gross noise level in the casino, the casino’s health and safety manager, Kamran,
will use an octave band analyzer.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (B)
31. As their popularity increases, the move from playing in small clubs to playing in large stadiums
can produce tinnitus for band members if they are not careful.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (A)
32. The heat level in a crowded room or subway car rises due to convection.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (A)
33. While at work, Zamboni drivers who resurface the ice in hockey arenas are more likely to have
lower blood pressure than athletic trainers working in arena dressing rooms.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (A)
34. Temporary threshold shifts (TTS) is the term used to describe gradual hearing loss.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (A)
35. If a roofer is suffering from hyperpyrexia after installing replacement shingles for eight hours in
the hot sun their skin will be dry and tight.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (B)
ESSAY
36. Describe the legal steps an employer/HRM must take to control hazardous noise in the
workplace. What is the most effective noise control method?
Graders Info :
An employer/HRM will want to use the source-path-human strategies to control hazardous noise in
the workplace. The best method for dealing with noise in the workplace is to reduce noise at the
source. If a worker is exposed to noise above the legal noise exposure limit, the employer must,
perhaps with the help of experts, investigate and implement engineered noise-control options to
reduce the noise exposure of workers below the recommended exposure limits, if possible. If it is not
possible to reduce noise levels, the employer must reduce noise exposure to the lowest level
possible, post warning signs in the noise hazard areas (workers in a posted noise hazard area must
wear hearing protection), provide affected workers hearing protection that meets the legal
standards, and ensure that hearing protection is worn effectively in noise hazard areas. This last
strategy of using personal protective equipment is less costly but not always the most effective.
37. Discuss commonalities in regards to the origins, effects, and control of the four types of physical
agents.
Graders Info :
All physical agents are related to sources of energy-noise comes from sound waves, vibration from
objects in motion (kinetic energy), radiation from electromagnetic energy, and thermal stress from
thermodynamic energy.
All physical agents can cause a range of injuries and illnesses from minor to severe, e.g. annoyance
to complete hearing loss, minor cut to amputation, cataracts to death, numb fingers to frostbite.
The control of all physical agents follows the source-path-human strategy. The first line of defence is
to remove the source, if possible, through engineering and administrative controls. The second line
of defence is to block the path (move the worker away) from the source through engineering and
administrative controls and PPE. If these are not successful or viable then the last line of defence is
to protect the human through personal protective equipment.
38. What obligations do employers have to ensure that the workers are safe from the dangers of
heat exposure?
Graders Info :
∙ Conduct a heat stress assessment.
∙ Implement engineering controls to reduce the level of heat.
∙ Adjust work-rest schedules to reduce exposure.
∙ Provide personal protective equipment.
∙ Ensure cool drinking water is accessible near the worksite.
∙ Limit exposure through work rotation.
∙ Install fans or air conditioning.
∙ Allow time to acclimatize.
∙ Provide drinking water.
∙ Support the use of sun hats, sunscreen, and eye protection.
39. Describe several factors that the Canadian Forces would have to take into account in developing
a cold-weather occupational health and safety strategy for Forces members working at bases in the
northernmost territories of Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territory, and Nunavut).
Graders Info :
The first consideration is to consider what engineering controls such as heaters and shields could
protect all members working at these bases from extremely cold temperatures. Secondly, they could
consider how administrative controls such as work and rest schedules and shut and closure
requirements might need to be modified for these bases. Personal protective equipment must more
than meet the extremes of temperature experienced in these places and should also be taken into
account. In addition to dealing with temperature, consideration must be given to the potential
hazard and associated eye damage arising from sustained exposure to the glare from snow and ice.
Last but not least, the Forces have to consider individual differences that would make some Forces
members more susceptible to cold-related illnesses. These include age, gender, fatigue, diseases,
health conditions, and consumption of drugs and alcohol. Rather than screening out Forces
members with these characteristics, which could be discriminatory as predisposition does not always
produce illness, the Forces should develop a wellness strategy that helps all members acclimatize to
the cold.
40. It is rare to see employees in a trendy club wearing any kind of hearing protection. As the new
HR manager, explain why club owners and managers may not be protecting club employees from
excessive noise and what you could suggest to them that might reduce the risk of hearing loss.
Graders Info :
Owners may not be protecting club employees for a number of reasons including not seeing sound as
noise, not knowing what the actual noise level is in the club, and not hearing from employees that
they are experiencing noise-related issues. Noise is unwanted sound, and in a club setting high
levels of sound at varying frequencies are typically seen as desirable, whether the sound is coming
from the band or DJ, from the servers or from the patrons. With a few exceptions, such as piano
bars, a quiet club is an unsuccessful club. Owners and managers want loud music even if this means
that employees and patrons have to shout to hear each other-it all contributes to an exciting and
vibrant atmosphere. They may have no idea how high the noise level is, what the provincial
standards are, or what frequencies are causing the most distress to employees (and possibly to
patrons). Even if club employees are experiencing symptoms of hearing loss, they may not bring
these to the manager’s attention, fearing that their profitable shifts or job security may be
threatened.
In order to get past this barrier, it may be necessary to hire an outside specialist to conduct a noise
assessment in order to get objective data throughout the club’s operating hours. These specialists
can use a combination of equipment including a sound pressure level meter, an octave band
analyzer, a dosimeter, and an audiometer. It is important that they capture human response to noise,
not just level or frequency, to find out how different employees are perceiving noise in the club.
When the data is collected, they will need calculations to be done to determine the total noise level
from different sources and compare it to provincial standards.
In a club, it is difficult to control noise because it is coming from not just one piece of equipment but
from multiple sources around the venue-speakers, band instruments, bar equipment (blenders,
sinks, ice machines, glass washers), and people (entertainment, bar staff, servers, patrons).
Engineering controls could mean turning down the speaker volume. A 3db difference will cut the
perceived noise level from the entertainment source in half. Changes to flooring and wall covering
are also engineering controls that could increase absorption rather than reflect noise around the
club. Partitioning off the club rather than having one giant open space could make a difference.
Rotating employees between the quieter and louder areas of the club could reduce the risk, as well
as scheduling them off from the busiest times every few weeks (e.g. every 4th weekend off). Club
employees who do not have to interact directly with customers should wear hearing protection.
Although it might not be well received by some patrons or employees, having customers place and
pay for their orders electronically could take away another source of noise in a large club. Similarly,
allowing only texting and not cellphone calls in the club could also reduce noise, as many customers
do not care to hear other people’s conversations when they are out for a good time, but this may
encounter some opposition from customers.
The owners and managers will have to balance off their legal risk to protect their employees from
hearing-related injury and illness with their ability to run a viable business. Getting the facts,
knowing the law, and asking for input from employees and experts can help them to take reasonable
precautions and avoid future lawsuits.