Managerial Statistics, International Edition 8th Edition By Gerald Keller - Test Bank

Managerial Statistics, International Edition 8th Edition By Gerald Keller – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

CHAPTER 5 SECTION 1: DATA COLLECTION AND SAMPLING

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. A marketing research firm selects a random sample of adults and asks them a list of questions regarding their beverage preferences. What type of data collection is involved here?

a.	An experiment.
b.	A survey.
c.	Direct observation.
d.	None of these choices.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

2. Which of the following statements is true regarding the design of a good survey?

a.	The questions should be kept as short as possible.
b.	A mixture of dichotomous, multiple-choice, and open-ended questions may be used.
c.	Leading questions must be avoided.
d.	All of these choices are true.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

3. Which of the following must be avoided in designing a survey?

a.	Dichotomous questions.
b.	Leading questions.
c.	Demographic questions.
d.	All of these choices are true.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

4. Which method of data collection is involved when a researcher counts and records the number of students wearing backpacks on campus in a given day?

a.	An experiment.
b.	A survey.
c.	Direct observation.
d.	None of these choices.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

5. A researcher conducts a study where she divides subjects into two groups, gives each group a certain treatment, and records their responses. What type of data collection is being used here?

a.	An experiment.
b.	Direct observation.
c.	A survey.
d.	A census.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

6. The personnel director at a large company studied the eating habits of the company’s employees. The director watched and recorded whether each employee brought his/her own lunch to work, ate at the company cafeteria, or went out to lunch. What method of data collection was used here?

a.	Direct observation.
b.	An experiment.
c.	A survey.
d.	A personal interview.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

7. Which of the following data collection methods is not observational?

a.	A personal interview.
b.	A telephone interview.
c.	A self-administered questionnaire.
d.	An experiment.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

TRUE/FALSE

 

8. “Wouldn’t you agree that foreign cars are better than American cars?” is an example of a well-worded survey question.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

9. Self-administered surveys usually have a high response rate.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

10. In designing a survey, demographic questions must be avoided.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

11. The response rate of a survey is the proportion of all people who were selected but did not complete the survey.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

12. Experimental data tend to be more reliable, or “stronger,” than survey data.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

13. An experiment involves collecting data about persons or objects by deliberately exposing them to some kind of change and comparing the results.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

14. An observational study involves collecting data about persons or objects by recording information about their selected characteristics of interest.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

15. A question on a survey that was not answered is an example of an open-ended question.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

16. A self-selected sample is the group of individuals who were randomly selected to be in the sample, then agreed to participate in the study.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

17. A self-selected sample is one in which the individuals choose themselves to be in the sample.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

COMPLETION

 

18. In a(n) ____________________ study, there is no attempt to control factors that might influence the variable of interest.

 

ANS:  observational

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

19. The ____________________ rate is the proportion of people in the sample who completed the survey.

 

ANS:  response

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

20. In a(n) ____________________ study, individuals are randomly assigned to different treatments and the results are compared.

 

ANS:  experimental

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

21. A survey is an example of a(n) ____________________ study.

 

ANS:  observational

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

22. Two types of interviews that are used to collect data are ____________________ interviews and ____________________ interviews.

 

ANS:

personal; telephone

telephone; personal

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

23. In a self-administered survey, the individuals in the sample are typically contacted by ____________________.

 

ANS:  mail

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

24. Gender, occupation, and age are all examples of ____________________ variables.

 

ANS:  demographic

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

SHORT ANSWER

 

25. Describe the difference between an observational study and an experimental study.

 

ANS:

In an observational study, there is no attempt to control factors that might influence the variable of interest. In an experimental study, a factor (such as regular use of fitness center) is controlled by randomly selecting who is exposed to that factor, thereby reducing the influence of other factors on the variable of interest.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

26. Briefly discuss three methods of conducting a survey of people.

 

ANS:

 

a.	Personal interview: involves an interviewer soliciting information from a respondent by asking prepared questions; it has a higher expected response rate but is typically expensive.
b.	Telephone interview: involves soliciting information by calling people. This is usually less expensive, but it is also less personal and has a lower expected response rate.
c.	Self-administered survey: this is an inexpensive method of conducting a survey which is usually mailed to a sample of people; it usually has a very low response rate.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

27. Give three important points to consider when designing a questionnaire.

 

ANS:

Any three of the following are acceptable:

 

a.	Keep the questionnaire as short as possible.
b.	Design the questions to be short, simple, and clearly worded.
c.	Consider beginning with simple demographic questions to help respondents get started and become comfortable quickly.
d.	Consider using a combination of dichotomous questions, multiple-choice questions, and open-ended questions.
e.	Avoid using leading questions.
f.	When preparing the questions, think about how you intend to tabulate and analyze the responses.

 

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

 

 

28. List one advantage and one disadvantage of a telephone interview as a method of data collection.

 

ANS:

Advantage: It is usually less expensive than other methods of data collection.

 

Disadvantages: It is less personal, has a lower expected response rate, and many people will refuse to respond to telephone surveys unless the issue is of interest to them.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

29. List one advantage and one disadvantage of a personal interview as a method of data collection.

 

ANS:

Advantages: It has a higher expected response rate than other methods of data collection. In addition, there will probably be fewer incorrect responses resulting from respondents misunderstanding some questions, because the interviewer, if asked, can clarify misunderstandings.

 

Disadvantages: It has the potential for bias if the interviewer says too much whenever asked to clarify misunderstandings of some questions. The main disadvantage of personal interviews is that they are expensive, especially when travel is involved.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

30. Discuss one advantage and one disadvantage of a self-administered survey as a method of data collection.

 

ANS:

Advantages: It is an inexpensive method of conducting a survey, since it is usually mailed to a sample of people, and is therefore attractive when the number of people to be surveyed is large.

 

Disadvantages: Self-administered surveys usually have low response rates and may have a relatively high number of incorrect responses due to respondents misunderstanding some questions.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

Beer

 

A beer manufacturer has been supplying its beer in bottles to grocery stores and in cans to small convenience stores. The company is analyzing sales of this beer to determine which type of packaging is preferred by customers.

 

31. {Beer Narrative} Is this study observational or experimental? Explain.

 

ANS:

The study is observational. The statistics practitioner did not randomly assign stores to selling bottles or cans. Type of store and type of packaging cannot be separated here.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

 

 

32. {Beer Narrative} Outline a better method for designing this study, so the same types of stores don’t get the same types of packaging.

 

ANS:

Randomly assign some grocery stores to receive bottles and the other grocery stores to receive cans. Randomly assign some convenience stores to receive bottles and the other convenience stores to receive cans. Or, have each store (convenience or grocery) carry both bottles and cans.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

Smoking and Lung Cancer

 

A medical researcher is interested in investigating the relationship between smoking and lung cancer.

 

33. {Smoking and Lung Cancer Narrative} Briefly describe how the researcher might design an observational study to investigate the relationship between smoking and lung cancer.

 

ANS:

Randomly sample a group of smokers and randomly sample a group of nonsmokers. Follow these individuals and find the proportion of each group that has/gets lung cancer. Or, sample a group of individuals with lung cancer and find out what proportion of them smoked and what proportion did not smoke.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

34. {Smoking and Lung Cancer Narrative} What type of studies are plausible in this particular scenario, observational studies or experiments?

 

ANS:

Observational studies are the only choice here. Experimental data would require the medical researcher to randomly assign some people to smoke and others not to smoke. This of course is not ethical.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1

 

35. {Smoking and Lung Cancer Narrative} How can you show that smoking causes lung cancer without being able to do a designed experiment?

 

ANS:

Instead of conducting one simple observational study, conduct many observational studies, each looking at smoking and lung cancer from a different angle, for all different populations. Once the entire body of evidence from all these studies is examined, the connection can be seen between smoking and lung cancer.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   SECTION 5.1