Microbiology An Introduction 10Th Edition by Tortora-Funke - Test Bank

Microbiology An Introduction 10Th Edition by Tortora-Funke – Test Bank

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ExamName___________________________________MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)Beggiatoabacteria get energy by oxidizing S2-to S6+. This means they take________for their________.1)A)electrons; electron transport chainB)sulfur; photophosphorylationC)glucose; glycolysisD)protons; NAD+E)electrons; fermentationAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)2)A bacterial culture grown in a glucose-peptide medium causes the pH to increase. The bacteria aremost likely2)A)Not growing.B)Fermenting the glucose.C)Oxidizing the glucose.D)Using the peptides.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)3)C6H12O6Saccharomyces2C2H5OH+2CO2GlucoseEthanolWhich of the following is true about this reaction?3)A)This process requires O2.B)This process occurs anaerobically.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)4)2H+E. coliH2OHydrogen ionsWaterWhich of the following is true about this reaction?4)A)This process requires O2.B)This process occurs anaerobically.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)1
Figure 5.65)The rates ofO2and glucose consumption by a bacterial culture are shown in Figure 5.6. Assume abacterial culture was grown in a glucose medium withoutO2. ThenO2was added at the timemarked X. The data indicate that5)A)These bacteria don’t use O2.B)Aerobic metabolism is more efficient than fermentation.C)These bacteria get more energy anaerobically.D)These bacteria can’t grow anaerobically.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)6)Which of the following is the best definition offermentation?6)A)The reduction of glucose to pyruvic acidB)The production of energy by substrate-level phosphorylationC)The complete catabolism of glucose to CO2and H2OD)The oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptorsE)The production of ethanol from glucoseAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)2
7)In green and purple bacteria, electrons to reduceCO2come from7)A)C6H12O6.B)H2O.C)Sunlight.D)Chlorophyll.E)CO2.Answer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)8)Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is false?8)A)It occurs in glycolysis.B)It occurs in the Krebs cycle.C)The oxidation of intermediate metabolic compounds releases energy that is used to generateATP.D)It involves the direct transfer of a high-energy phosphate group from an intermediatemetabolic compound to ADP.E)No final electron acceptor is required.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)9)Cyanobacteria are a type of9)A)Chemoheterotroph.B)Photoautotroph.C)Photoheterotroph.D)Chemoautotroph.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)10)Gallionellabacteria can get energy from the reaction Fe2+Fe3+. This reaction is an example of10)A)Reduction.B)Oxidation.C)Fermentation.D)Photophosphorylation.E)The Calvin-Benson cycle.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)3
11)Which one of the following would you predict is an allosteric inhibitor of the Krebs cycle enzyme,΅-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?11)A)΅-ketoglutaric acidB)ADPC)NADHD)Citric acidE)NAD+Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)Figure 5.212)What type of reaction is in Figure 5.2?12)A)OxidationB)DehydrogenationC)TransaminationD)ReductionE)DecarboxylationAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)4
Figure 5.313)How would a noncompetitive inhibitor interfere with a reaction involving the enzyme shown inFigure 5.3?13)A)It would bind to a.B)It would bind to b.C)It would bind to c.D)It would bind to d.E)Can’t tell.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)14)In noncyclic photophosphorylation,O2is produced from14)A)Sunlight.B)Chlorophyll.C)CO2.D)C6H12O6.E)H2O.Answer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)5
Figure 5.815)In Figure 5.8, the path labeled (2) is the flow of15)A)Energy.B)Water.C)Electrons.D)Protons.E)Glucose.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)16)Fatty acids are catabolized in16)A)Glycolysis.B)The Krebs cycle.C)The pentose phosphate pathway.D)The electron transport chain.E)The Entner Doudoroff pathway.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)17)A strictly fermentative bacterium produces energy17)A)By glycolysis only.B)By fermentation or aerobic respiration.C)Only in the presence of oxygen.D)Only in the absence of oxygen.E)By aerobic respiration only.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)6
Figure 5.118)Which compound is being reduced in the reaction shown in Figure 5.1?18)A)΅-ketoglutaric acid and NAD+B)Isocitric acid and΅-ketoglutaric acidC)NADH and isocitric acidD)NAD+E)NADHAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)19)Which of the following statements about photophosphorylation is false?19)A)It occurs in photosynthesizing cells.B)It requires CO2.C)Light liberates an electron from chlorophyll.D)The oxidation of carrier molecules releases energy.E)Energy from oxidation reactions is used to generate ATP from ADP.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)7
20)Which organism isNOTcorrectly matched to its energy source?20)A)ChemoheterotrophNglucoseB)ChemoautotrophNFe2+C)PhotoheterotrophNlightD)ChemoautotrophNNH3E)PhotoautotrophNCO2Answer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)21)Which of the following compounds isNOTan enzyme?21)A)CellulaseB)SucraseC)DehydrogenaseD)Ά-galactosidaseE)Coenzyme AAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)Figure 5.422)How is ATP generated in the reaction shown in Figure 5.4?22)A)Substrate-level phosphorylationB)PhotophosphorylationC)Oxidative phosphorylationD)GlycolysisE)FermentationAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)8
23)Which of the following is the best definition ofoxidative phosphorylation?23)A)The energy released in the reduction of carrier molecules is used to generate ATP.B)The transfer of a high-energy phosphate group to ADP.C)Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to O2.D)The energy released as carrier molecules are oxidized is used to generate ATP.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)Figure 5.724)The graph at the left in Figure 5.7 shows the reaction rate for an enzyme at its optimumtemperature. Which graph shows enzyme activity at a higher temperature?24)A)aB)bC)cD)dE)eAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)25)The advantage of the pentose phosphate pathway is that it produces all of the followingEXCEPT25)A)Precursors for the synthesis of glucose.B)Precursors for nucleic acids.C)Precursors for the synthesis of amino acids.D)Three ATPs.E)NADPH.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)9
26)Assume you are growing bacteria on a lipid medium that started at pH 7. The action of bacteriallipases should cause the pH of the medium to26)A)Stay the same.B)Decrease.C)Increase.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)Figure 5.827)A urease test is used to identifyMyobacterium tuberculosisbecause27)A)Some bacteria reduce nitrate ion.B)M. tuberculosisproduces urease.C)Urease is a sign of tuberculosis.D)M. boviscan cause tuberculosis.E)Urea accumulates during tuberculosis.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)28)Refer to Figure 5.8. In aerobic respiration, where is water formed?28)A)aB)bC)cD)dE)eAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)10
29)Which statements are true?1NElectron carriers are located at ribosomes.2NATP is a common intermediate between catabolic and anabolic pathways.3NATP is used for the long-term storage of energy and so is often found in storage granules.4NAnaerobic organisms are capable of respiration.5NATP is generated by the flow of protons across the cell membrane.29)A)2, 3, 5B)1, 2, 3C)2, 4, 5D)1, 3, 4E)AllAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)30)What is the fate of pyruvic acid in an organism that uses aerobic respiration?30)A)It is reduced in the Krebs cycle.B)It is reduced to lactic acid.C)It is oxidized in the Krebs cycle.D)It is catabolized in glycolysis.E)It is oxidized in the electron transport chain.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)11
Figure 5.831)In Figure 5.8, where is ATP produced?31)A)aB)bC)cD)dE)eAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)32)Which of the following isNOTnecessary for respiration?32)A)A source of electronsB)OxygenC)QuinonesD)FlavoproteinsE)CytochromesAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)12
33)A shipping company employee notices that the inside of ships’ hulls where ballast water is storedare deteriorating. The hull paint contained cyanide to prevent microbial growth. Bacteria weregrowing on the hulls. You can therefore conclude that the33)A)Bacteria were growing by fermentation.B)Bacteria were using anaerobic respiration.C)Bacteria were using aerobic respiration.D)Bacteria were photosynthetic.E)Bacteria were using cytochromes.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)34)Which of the following statements about beta oxidation is false?34)A)It involves the formation of 2-carbon units.B)It is used in petroleum degradation.C)It involves the formation of acetyl-CoA.D)It is a step in glycolysis.E)It is a method of catabolizing fatty acids.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)13
Figure 5.835)What is the most acidic place in Figure 5.8?35)A)aB)bC)cD)dE)eAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)36)Which of the following uses glucose for carbon and energy?36)A)PhotoheterotrophB)ChemoheterotrophC)PhotoautotrophD)ChemoautotrophAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)37)Which of the following statements about anaerobic respiration is false?37)A)It involves glycolysis only.B)It generates ATP.C)It involves the reduction of nitrate.D)It requires cytochromes.E)It involves the Krebs cycle.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)14
Figure 5.538)Which of the graphs in Figure 5.5 best illustrates the activity of an enzyme that is saturated withsubstrate?38)A)aB)bC)cD)dE)eAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)39)An enzyme, citrate synthase, in the Krebs cycle is inhibited by ATP. This is an example of all of thefollowingEXCEPT39)A)Noncompetitive inhibition.B)Competitive inhibition.C)Beta oxidation.D)Feedback inhibition.E)Allosteric inhibition.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)40)C2H5OHAcetobacterC2H3OOHEthanolAcetic acidWhich of the following is true about this reaction?40)A)This process requires O2.B)This process occurs anaerobically.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)15
41)Assume you are working for a chemical company and are responsible for growing a yeast culturethat produces ethanol. The yeasts are growing well on the maltose medium but are not producingalcohol. What is the most likely explanation?41)A)Not enough protein is provided.B)The temperature is too high.C)O2is in the medium.D)The maltose is toxic.E)The temperature is too low.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)Figure 5.842)In Figure 5.8, the structure labeled (1) is42)A)NAD+.B)Cell wall.C)ATP synthase.D)Plasma membrane.E)Cytoplasm.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)16
43)Which of the following uses CO2for carbon and H2for energy?43)A)PhotoheterotrophB)ChemoautotrophC)ChemoheterotrophD)PhotoautotrophAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)44)Which of the following has bacteriochlorophylls and uses alcohols for carbon?44)A)ChemoautotrophB)PhotoautotrophC)ChemoheterotrophD)PhotoheterotrophAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)45)NO3-+2H+PseudomonasNO2-+H2ONitrate ionNitrite ionWhich of the following is true about this reaction?45)A)This process requires O2.B)This process occurs anaerobically.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.46)Differentiate the following two laboratory tests: starch hydrolysis and starch fermentation.Answer:47)Identify the catabolic pathways used by the following bacteria:PseudomonasOxidizes glucoseLactobacillusFerments glucoseAlcaligenesNeither oxidizes nor ferments glucoseEscherichiaOxidizes and ferments glucoseAnswer:48)Rhodopseudomonasis an anaerobic photoautotroph that uses organic compounds as an electron donor. It is alsocapable of chemoheterotrophic metabolism. Diagram the metabolic pathways of this bacterium.Answer:49)Compare and contrast photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.Answer:50)You look in the refrigerator and find some orange drink you had forgotten was there. The drink now has an offtaste and bubbles. What is the most likely explanation for the changes in the drink?Answer:17
51)Streptococcuslacks an electron transport chain. How does this bacterium reoxidize NADH? Where is the NADHformed?Answer:52)Why isClostridium perfringenslikely to grow in gangrenous wounds?Answer:18
Answer KeyTestname: C51)A2)D3)B4)A5)B6)D7)E8)C9)B10)B11)C12)C13)B14)E15)D16)B17)A18)D19)B20)E21)E22)A23)D24)B25)D26)B27)B28)D29)C30)C31)E32)B33)A34)D35)A36)B37)A38)C39)B40)A41)C42)D43)B44)D45)B46)47)48)49)50)19
Answer KeyTestname: C551)52)20