Natural Disasters 11th Edition Patrick Leon Abbott -Test Bank Instant Download - Complete Test Bank With Answers Sample Questions Are Posted Below Natural Disasters, 11e (Abbott) Chapter 5 Earthquakes Throughout the United States and Canada 1) In the last 5.5 million years, rifting action tore Baja California and California west …
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Natural Disasters 11th Edition Patrick Leon Abbott -Test Bank
Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers
Sample Questions Are Posted Below
Natural Disasters, 11e (Abbott)
Chapter 5 Earthquakes Throughout the United States and Canada
1) In the last 5.5 million years, rifting action tore Baja California and California west of the San Andreas Fault from the ________.
Answer: D
Section: Earthquake Prediction
Topic: Earthquake Prediction
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
2) We know that the part of California on the Pacific Plate will not break off in a giant earthquake and sink into the Pacific Ocean because ________.
Answer: C
Section: Earthquake Prediction
Topic: Earthquake Prediction
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
3) When the part of California west of the San Andreas Fault plows into Alaska it will ________.
Answer: B
Section: Earthquake Prediction
Topic: Earthquake Prediction
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
4) Today, North America has several small- to medium-sized plates subducting beneath its ________.
Answer: B
Section: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Topic: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
5) The large left step in the San Andreas Fault in the Los Angeles area causes compressive ruptures along east-west-oriented ________ faults as in the 1971 San Fernando and 1994 Northridge events.
Answer: B
Section: Thrust-Fault Earthquakes
Topic: Thrust-Fault Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
6) Another class of active faults is created by southern California pushing into the “Big Bend” of the San Andreas Fault; these faults are ________.
Answer: C
Section: California Earthquake Scenario
Topic: California Earthquake Scenario
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
7) Prehistoric earthquakes may be interpreted using faulted pond sediments. The amount of offset of sediment layers from one earthquake is proportional to the ________.
Answer: C
Section: Neotectonics and Paleoseismology
Topic: Neotectonics and Paleoseismology
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
8) Organic material in sediment layers is dated by measuring the amount of radioactive ________ present.
Answer: D
Section: Neotectonics and Paleoseismology
Topic: Neotectonics and Paleoseismology
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
9) On 3 November 2002, a large earthquake occurred in ________. Because of its similarity to the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake on the San Andreas Fault, this event has been compared to the much-anticipated “Big One” in Southern California.
Answer: C
Section: California Earthquake Scenario
Topic: California Earthquake Scenario
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
10) The 17 January 1994 Northridge earthquake in Los Angeles was generated on a ________ thrust fault.
Answer: E
Section: California Earthquake Scenario
Topic: California Earthquake Scenario
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
11) If Alaska and California are ignored, the list of 10 largest U.S. earthquakes shows ________.
Answer: E
Section: United States and Canada Earthquakes
Topic: United States and Canada Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
12) Which state accounts for the greatest percentage of all U.S. earthquakes of magnitude 3.5 and above?
Answer: C
Section: United States and Canada Earthquakes
Topic: United States and Canada Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
13) California accounts for ________ of all U.S. earthquakes of magnitude 3.5 and above.
Answer: D
Section: United States and Canada Earthquakes
Topic: United States and Canada Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
14) Which four states account for 91% of all U.S. earthquakes of magnitude 3.5 and above?
Answer: C
Section: United States and Canada Earthquakes
Topic: United States and Canada Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
15) Which of the following states has the lowest earthquake risk?
Answer: E
Section: United States and Canada Earthquakes
Topic: United States and Canada Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
16) Which of the following states has the highest earthquake risk?
Answer: C
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
17) Which state listed below is most likely to have a magnitude 9 or larger earthquake in the next several hundred years?
Answer: B
Section: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Topic: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
18) Several recent earthquakes in Washington’s Puget Sound region were caused by movement of the subducting ________ Plate.
Answer: D
Section: Normal-Fault Earthquakes
Topic: Normal-Fault Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
19) Which of the following represents evidence for major fault movement on the Seattle Fault zone about 1,100 years ago?
Answer: E
Section: Thrust-Fault Earthquakes
Topic: Thrust-Fault Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
20) The Great Basin region between the eastern Sierra Nevada in California and the Wasatch Mountains in Utah ________ in response to plate-tectonic forces.
Answer: B
Section: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Topic: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
21) The dominant type of faulting in the Great Basin region is ________.
Answer: A
Section: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Topic: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
22) The crustal thickness in the Great Basin is ________ than mid-continental North American crust.
Answer: D
Section: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Topic: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
23) At Hebgen Lake in 1959 an earthquake larger than magnitude 7 greatly affected ________.
Answer: A
Section: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Topic: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
24) The New Madrid earthquakes are apparently related to an old buried ________.
Answer: B
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
25) When compared to California, seismic energy in the eastern U.S. is transmitted ________.
Answer: A
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: Eastern North America
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: Eastern North America
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
26) Paleoseismologic analysis of trenches cut across faults and folds in the New Madrid, Missouri, area has led the U.S. Geological Survey to forecast a 25% chance of a magnitude ________ earthquake here within the next 50 years.
Answer: B
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: Eastern North America
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: Eastern North America
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
27) The Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake of 1886 occurred along a seismic belt that may be related to ________.
Answer: C
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: Eastern North America
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: Eastern North America
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
28) Earthquakes in Hawaii are mostly related to ________.
Answer: D
Section: Earthquakes and Volcanism in Hawaii
Topic: Earthquakes and Volcanism in Hawaii
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
29) When rock heats and liquefies into magma its volume ________.
Answer: A
Section: Earthquakes and Volcanism in Hawaii
Topic: Earthquakes and Volcanism in Hawaii
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
30) When magma is on the move at shallow depths it commonly generates a swarm of ________.
Answer: C
Section: Earthquakes and Volcanism in Hawaii
Topic: Earthquakes and Volcanism in Hawaii
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
31) The Imperial Valley sits on an actively closing ocean floor.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Topic: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
32) The duration of shaking in 1985 in Mexico City was decreased due to seismic energy being trapped within the soft sediments.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
33) The southernmost segment of the San Andreas Fault, from San Bernardino to the Salton Sea, is a complex zone that has generated several truly large earthquakes in historic times, but it has no locked zones within it.
Answer: FALSE
Section: California Earthquake Scenario
Topic: California Earthquake Scenario
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
34) The zone of dangerous faults in Southern California is much wider than in the San Francisco Bay area, largely because the major plate-bounding fault (the San Andreas) is bent so far to the west that it makes it difficult for the Pacific Plate to slide along on its northwestward journey.
Answer: TRUE
Section: California Earthquake Scenario
Topic: California Earthquake Scenario
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
35) Thrust faults that do not reach the surface are called dark thrusts.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Transform-Fault Earthquakes
Topic: Transform-Fault Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
36) The 1994 Northridge event was similar to the 1971 San Fernando earthquake in magnitude, number of people killed, and type of faulting.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Transform-Fault Earthquakes
Topic: Transform-Fault Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
37) Ocean ridge spreading still occurs offshore of northernmost California, Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia, as well as in the Gulf of California.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Topic: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
38) Earthquake epicenters east of the Rocky Mountains are in random locations and do not cluster in certain areas.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
39) Adjustments related to plate-tectonic activity cause earthquakes from Washington to New Mexico, from Montana to California, and at other points throughout the West.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Topic: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
40) The subducting Juan de Fuca Plate is only 10- to 15-million-years old and is warm and buoyant. However, as it is subducted, its density increases, causing a buildup of stress.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Normal-Fault Earthquakes
Topic: Normal-Fault Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
41) The Owens Valley quake of 1872 is estimated to have had a magnitude of 7.8 to 8, indicating that big earthquakes can and do happen far away from the coastal zone and the San Andreas Fault.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Topic: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
42) In historic time, Nevada has averaged one earthquake with a magnitude in the 6s per decade and one with a magnitude in the 7s every 27 years.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Topic: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
43) In the last 30 million years, the region between the eastern Sierra Nevada in California and the Wasatch Mountain front in central Utah has contracted in an east-west direction, so Nevada is now half of its former width.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Topic: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
44) As much as 20% of the relative motion between the Pacific and North American Plates may be accommodated by the extensional stretching of the Basin and Range province, leaving numerous north-south-oriented mountain ranges separated by down-dropped, sediment-filled basins.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Topic: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
45) Nevada has several gaps in the belt of historic seismicity, suggesting residents in these seismic gaps may be in for some future earthquakes.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Topic: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
46) On 28 October 1983, the Lost River Fault broke free for a magnitude 7.3 MS event, moving Borah Peak, Idaho’s highest point, 4 m lower.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Topic: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
47) The bounding faults on the eastern side of the Great Basin are mostly down to the east, whereas the bounding faults on the western side (in eastern California and western Nevada) are down to the west.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Topic: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
48) Much of Utah’s population lives within sight of the scarps of the 370-km-long Wasatch Front, the zone of reverse faults separating the mountains from the Great Basin.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Topic: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
49) In the last 6,000 years, a magnitude 6.5 or stronger earthquake has occurred about once every 350 years on one of the Wasatch System Faults, but no large earthquakes have been reported along the Wasatch Front Faults since the arrival of Brigham Young in 1847.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Topic: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
50) The Rio Grande Rift in New Mexico, Colorado, westernmost Texas, and Mexico is one of the major continental rifts in the world where the continental crust is being heated and stretched from below.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
51) Historic earthquakes in the Rio Grande Rift area have had only small to moderate magnitudes, but the continental lithosphere continues to compress and shorten, thus presenting a real hazard for large earthquakes.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
52) The New Madrid, Missouri, 1811–1812 earthquakes have never been equaled in the history of the United States for the number of closely-spaced, large seisms and for the size of the felt area.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
53) The New Madrid, Missouri, 1811–1812 earthquakes were felt from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic seaboard, where clocks stopped, bells rang, and plaster cracked.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
54) The sizes of the felt areas of large earthquakes in North America are always the best indicator of earthquake magnitude.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
55) The New Madrid and San Francisco earthquakes were of similar magnitudes, but the felt area of the New Madrid quakes was much smaller.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
56) The epicenters of the larger New Madrid, Missouri, earthquakes line up along the Mississippi River Valley, possibly because of an ancient rift valley, known as the Reelfoot Rift, formed about 550 million years ago.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
57) Aftershocks of the 1811–12 New Madrid, Missouri, earthquakes are still occurring today.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: Eastern North America
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: Eastern North America
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
58) Human activity has likely triggered earthquakes with magnitudes between 3 and 5.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Human-Triggered Earthquakes
Topic: Human-Triggered Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
59) Failed rifts remain as zones of weakness that may be reactivated by later plate-tectonic stresses to once again generate earthquakes.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
60) New England has a long record of significant earthquakes.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: Eastern North America
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: Eastern North America
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
61) Eastern U.S. damages may be experienced over a smaller area than they would be for an equivalent-sized earthquake in California.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: Eastern North America
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: Eastern North America
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
62) Earthquakes below Kilauea volcano are dominantly deep events in the mantle.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Earthquakes and Volcanism in Hawaii
Topic: Earthquakes and Volcanism in Hawaii
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
63) In the central United States, ancient rift valleys remain from failed spreading centers and these ancient rifts today are zones of weakness whose faults can be reactivated due to long-distance effects of Atlantic Plate spreading and Pacific Plate collision.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
64) Most North American earthquakes occur in the west along the edges of the active plates, but the central and eastern regions also have earthquakes—not as many but just as large.
Answer: TRUE
Section: United States and Canada Earthquakes
Topic: United States and Canada Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
65) In the Pacific Northwest, stresses are transmitted upward from the subducting plates, forming strike-slip faults that rupture the surface, as in Seattle.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Topic: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
66) Pumping fluids into Earth has been found to sometimes trigger small earthquakes (magnitudes < 5).
Answer: TRUE
Section: Human-Triggered Earthquakes
Topic: Human-Triggered Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Chapter: 05
67) In the last three years alone (2014-2016), Oklahoma has accounted for roughly 10% of all earthquakes of states in the top 10 most active earthquakes states.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Earthquakes in United States and Canada
Topic: Earthquakes in United States and Canada
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Chapter: 05
68) Rivers, such as the Mississippi River, have a drainage pattern that flows along a zone of weakness.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Chapter: 05
69) Estimated Mercalli intensities of VIII (significant damage) from the new New Madrid quakes of 1811-1812 reached into Ohio.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Chapter: 05
70) Which of the following factors is the reason for the increase in Oklahoma earthquakes over the past 3 years?
Answer: C
Section: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Topic: Western North America: Plate Boundary-Zone Earthquakes
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Chapter: 05
71) The ________ Rift is the rift below the New Madrid region and is responsible for the seismic activity in the area.
Answer: A
Section: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Topic: Intraplate Earthquakes: “Stable” Central United States
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Chapter: 05
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