Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care by Perretta - Test Bank

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care by Perretta – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 5 Apnea of Prematurity and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

 

 

 

Multiple Choice

 

 

 

1. Classify what is meant by an extreme apneic event:
2. Apnea duration 30 seconds or longer or a heart rate less than 50 to 60 bpm for 10 seconds or more
3. Apnea duration of 20 to 29 seconds or a heart rate less than 50 to 80 bpm for 5 to 15 seconds
4. Cessation of breathing for more than 20 seconds or cessation of breathing for longer than 10 seconds, heart rate less than 100 bpm
5. Bradycardia of heart rate less than two-thirds of baseline and saturation SPO₂ less than 80%

 

ANS: A

 

 

 

2. Which of the following drugs is considered the safest and most effective in treating apnea in premature infants?
3. Theophylline
4. Caffeine citrate
5. Adenosine
6. Methylxanthines

 

ANS: B

 

 

 

3. What is the best mode of therapy used to treat obstructive sleep apnea in infants?
4. Kinesthetic stimulation
5. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure
6. Nasal cannula
7. Blood transfusions

 

ANS: B

 

 

 

4. What is the first action a clinician needs to perform for a patient experiencing apnea?
5. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure
6. Pharmacology intervention
7. Tactile stimulation
8. Positive pressure ventilation

 

ANS: C

 

 

 

5. The risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia consist of all of the following except:
6. 28 weeks or less of gestation
7. PaCO₂ greater than 50 mm Hg
8. Respiratory distress syndrome
9. Placenta abruptio

 

ANS: D

 

 

 

6. High doses of dexamethasone given to an infant within the first week after birth can increase the risk for all of the following except:
7. Cerebral palsy
8. Abnormal neurological examinations
9. Gastrointestinal bleeding
10. Hypoglycemia

 

ANS: D

 

 

 

7. What is a mechanical ventilation strategy that can be used to decrease the risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia?
8. Volume-targeted ventilation mode, adequate positive end-expiratory pressure levels, and lower tidal volumes
9. Pressure ventilation mode, small positive end-expiratory pressure levels, and low tidal volumes
10. Permissive hypercapnia strategy
11. High-frequency ventilation mode

 

ANS: A

 

 

 

8. Successfully minimizing bronchopulmonary dysplasia rates in infants less than 1,500 g can be done by implementing all of the following modalities of care except:
9. Early institution of nasal continuous positive airway pressure
10. Pulse oximetry limits
11. Avoidance of intubation
12. Early intervention of corticosteroid therapy

 

ANS: D

 

 

 

9. A decrease in incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia has been seen in all of the following modalities of care except:
10. Pulse oximetry limits
11. Institution of high FiO₂
12. Institution of nasal continuous positive airway pressure
13. Avoidance of intubation

 

ANS: B

 

 

 

10. What drug is a mast cell stabilizer that shows great promise with improved lung compliance and mechanical ventilation requirements, but not with prophylactic treatment?
11. Inositol
12. Inhaled nitric oxide
13. Cromolyn sodium
14. Prednisone

 

ANS: C

 

 

 

11. What drug is considered essential for growth of cells and tissues and shows promise to reduce bronchopulmonary dysplasia?
12. Retinol
13. Inositol
14. Antioxidant enzymes
15. Inhaled nitrous oxide

 

ANS: A

 

 

 

12. All of the following are examples of antioxidant enzymes that have been suggested to decrease lung injury except:
13. Superoxide dismutase
14. N-acetylcysteine
15. Vitamin E
16. Vitamin K

 

ANS: D

 

 

 

13. What is the diuretic of choice to treat ventilator-dependent infants with impending bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or established BPD?
14. Loop diuretics
15. Thiazides
16. Furosemide
17. Lasix

 

ANS: B

 

 

 

14. All of the following are common side effects of adrenergic bronchodilators except:
15. Hypotension
16. Tremors
17. Tachycardia
18. Nervousness

 

ANS: A

 

 

 

15. What is a major predictor of neurodevelopment outcomes?
16. Respiratory distress syndrome
17. Chronic lung disease
18. Extremely low birth weight
19. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

 

ANS: D

 

 

 

16. What is the physiological difference between “old bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)” and “new BPD”?
    I. Old BPD was a direct result of injury to the lung as a result of oxygen and mechanical ventilation.
17. New BPD is considered a developmental delay or arrest of lung tissue.

III. There is no difference between the two terms; it is just a revision of terminology.

1. Old BPD occurs in infants under 1,500 g requiring mechanical ventilation and new BPD has been eliminated as a result of surfactant use.
2. I only
3. II only
4. III only
5. I and II
6. II and IV

 

ANS: D

 

 

 

True/False

 

 

 

17. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and asthma are similar in their pathology.

 

ANS: False

 

 

 

18. Apnea of prematurity is a developmental disorder caused by a physiological immaturity of the neurological and chemical receptor systems of the body.

 

ANS: True

 

 

 

19. Bradycardia always occurs with an apnea episode and associated saturation problems.

 

ANS: False

 

 

 

20. Systemic steroids have greater adverse effects than do inhaled steroids in the management of ventilator-dependent preterm infants.

 

ANS: True

 

 

 

21. Caffeine citrate should not be used routinely in the treatment of apnea of prematurity.

 

ANS: False

 

 

 

22. In recent studies, sufficient evidence has been given to support the routine use of inhaled nitric oxide as a rescue therapy for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome.

 

ANS: False