Nursing Care of Children Principles and Practice 3rd edition by Susan R. James – Test Bank

 

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James: Nursing Care of Children: Principles and Practice, 3^rd Edition

Test Bank

Chapter 05: Health Promotion for the Infant

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Which of the following milestones is developmentally appropriate for a 2-month-old infant?

a.	Pulled to a sitting position, head lag is present when the infant’s trunk is lifted.
b.	Pulled to a sitting position, the infant is able to support the head when the trunk is lifted.
c.	Pulled to a sitting position, the infant is briefly able to hold the head erect.
d.	Pulled to a sitting position, the infant is fully able to support and hold the head in a straight line.

 

 

ANS:   C

 

	Feedback
A	A 2-month-old infant’s neck muscles are stronger; however, head lag is present when pulled to a sitting position.
B	A 2-month-old infant continues to have some head lag when pulled to a sitting position.
C	A 2-month-old infant is able to only briefly hold the head erect when pulled to a sitting position.
D	It is not until 4 months of age that the infant can keep his head in a straight line when pulled to a sitting position.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension      REF:    Text Reference: pg 100

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:   NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

2. Approximately what would a newborn who weighed 7 pounds 6 ounces at birth weigh at 1 year of age?

a.	pounds
b.	pounds
c.	pounds
d.	Unable to estimate weight at 1 year

 

 

ANS:   B

 

	Feedback
A	An infant doubles the birth weight by 6 months of age.
B	An infant triples the birth weight by 1 year of age.
C	An infant quadruples the birth weight by 2 years of age.
D	Weight at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years of age can be estimated from the birth weight.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application             REF:    Text Reference: pg 129

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:   NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

3. Which of the following statements made by a mother would be consistent with a developmental delay?

a.	“I have noticed that my 9-month-old infant responds consistently to the sound of his name.”
b.	“I have noticed that my 12-month-old child does not get herself to a sitting position or pull to stand.”
c.	“I am so happy when my 1½-month-old infant smiles at me.”
d.	“My 5-month-old infant is not rolling over in both directions yet.”

 

 

ANS:   B

 

	Feedback
A	An infant who responds to his name at 9 months of age is demonstrating abilities to both hear and interpret sound.
B	Critical developmental milestones for gross motor development in a 12 month old include standing briefly without support, getting to a sitting position, and pulling to stand. If a 12-month-old child does not perform these activities, it may be indicative of a developmental delay.
C	A social smile is present by 2 months of age.
D	Rolling over in both directions is not a critical milestone for gross motor development until the child reaches 6 months of age.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                  REF:    Text Reference: pg 129

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:   NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

4. At a healthy 2-month-old infant’s well-child clinic visit, the nurse will give which of the following immunization sequences?

a.	DTaP, IPV, HepB, Hib, PCV
b.	MMR, DTaP and IPV
c.	Hib, DTaP, and IPV
d.	Hib and MMR

 

 

ANS:   A

 

	Feedback
A	DTaP, IPV, HepB, Hib, and PCV are the appropriate immunizations for a healthy 2-month-old infant.
B	MMR is given at or after 12 months of age.
C	This is an incomplete sequence; PCV and HepB are also given at 2 months of age.
D	MMR is given to the infant at or after 12 months of age. DTaP, PCV, IPV, and HepB are also given to a healthy infant at 2 months of age.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Knowledge             REF:    Text Reference: pg 118

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

5. The nurse advises the mother of a 3-month-old exclusively breast-fed infant to do which of the following?

a.	Start giving the infant a vitamin D supplement.
b.	Start using an infant feeder and add rice cereal to the formula.
c.	Start feeding the infant rice cereal with a spoon at the evening feeding.
d.	Continue breast-feeding without any supplements.

 

 

ANS:   A

 

	Feedback
A	Breast milk does not provide an adequate amount of dietary vitamin D. Infants who are exclusively breast-fed need vitamin D supplements to prevent rickets.
B	An infant feeder is an inappropriate method of providing the infant with caloric intake. Solid foods are not recommended for a 3-month-old infant.
C	Rice cereal or other solid foods are contraindicated in a 3-month-old infant. Solid feedings do not typically begin before 4 to 6 months of age.
D	Because breast milk is not an adequate source of fluoride, infants need to be given a fluoride supplement.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension      REF:    Text Reference: pg 114

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

6. At what age would an infant first be expected to locate an object hidden from view?

a.	4 months of age
b.	6 months of age
c.	9 months of age
d.	20 months of age

 

 

ANS:   C

 

	Feedback
A	Four-month-old infants are not cognitively capable of searching out objects hidden from their view. Infants at this developmental level do not pursue hidden objects.
B	Six-month-old infants have not developed the ability to perceive objects as permanent and do not search out objects hidden from their view.
C	By 9 months of age an infant will actively search for an object that is out of sight.
D	Twenty-month-old infants actively pursue objects not in their view and are capable of recalling the location of an object not in their view. They first look for hidden objects around the age of 9 months.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension      REF:    Text Reference: pgs 108, 127

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

7. The parents of a newborn infant state, “We will probably not have our baby immunized because we are concerned about the risk of our child being injured.” Which of the following is the best response for the nurse to make?

a.	“It is your decision.”
b.	“Have you talked with your parents about this? They can probably help you think about this decision.”
c.	“The risks of not immunizing your baby are greater than the risks from the immunizations.”
d.	“You are making a mistake.”

 

 

ANS:   C

 

	Feedback
A	It is the parents’ decision not to immunize the child; however, the nurse has a responsibility to inform parents about the risks to infants who are not immunized.
B	Grandparents can be supportive but are not the primary decision makers for the infant.
C	Although immunizations have been documented to have a negative effect in a small number of cases, an unimmunized infant is at greater risk for development of complications from childhood diseases than from the vaccines.
D	Telling parents that they are making a mistake is an inappropriate response.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application             REF:    Text Reference: pg 110

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

8. The mother of a 9-month-old infant is concerned because the infant cries when she leaves him. Which of the following is the best response for the nurse to make to the mother?

a.	“You could consider leaving the infant more often so he can adjust.”
b.	“You might consider taking him to the doctor because he may be ill.”
c.	“Have you noticed whether the baby is teething?”
d.	“This can be a healthy sign of attachment.”

 

 

ANS:   D

 

	Feedback
A	An infant who manifests stranger anxiety can be supported by the mother leaving the infant for only short periods of time.
B	Assessing developmental needs is appropriate before taking an infant to a physician.
C	Pain from teething expressed by the infant’s cries would not occur only when the mother left the room.
D	Healthy attachment is manifested by stranger anxiety in late infancy.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application             REF:    Text Reference: pg 110

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

9. Which of the following statements concerning physiologic factors is true?

a.	The infant has a slower metabolic rate than an adult.
b.	An infant has an inability to digest protein and lactase.
c.	Infants have a slower circulatory response than adults do
d.	The kidneys of an infant are less efficient in concentrating urine than an adult’s kidneys.

 

 

ANS:   D

 

	Feedback
A	The infant’s metabolic rate is faster, not slower, than in an adult’s.
B	Although the newborn infant’s gastrointestinal system is immature, it is capable of digesting protein and lactase, but the ability to digest and absorb fat does not reach adult levels until approximately 6 to 9 months of age.
C	Circulation is faster in infants than in adults.
D	The infant’s kidneys are not as effective at concentrating urine compared with an adult’s because of immaturity of the renal system and slower glomerular filtration rates.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension      REF:    Text Reference: pg 102

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

 

10. Which of the following is a priority in counseling parents of a 6-month-old infant?

a.	Increased appetite from secondary growth spurt
b.	Allowing the infant to self-feed
c.	Securing a developmentally safe environment for the infant
d.	Strategies to teach infants to sit up

 

 

ANS:   C

 

	Feedback
A	The infant’s appetite and growth velocity decrease in the second half of infancy.
B	Fine motor development, which is refined in the second half of infancy, is necessary before the infant can self-feed.
C	Safety is a primary concern as an infant becomes increasingly mobile.
D	Unless the infant has a neuromuscular deficit, strategies for teaching a normally developing infant to sit up are not necessary.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension      REF:    Text Reference: pgs 102-103

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

11. A mother of a 2-month-old infant tells the nurse, “My child doesn’t sleep as much as his older brother did at the same age.” What is the best response for the nurse?

a.	“Have you tried to feed the baby more often?”
b.	“Infant sleep patterns vary widely, with some infants sleeping only 2 to 3 hours at a time.”
c.	“It is helpful to keep a record of your baby’s eating, waking, sleeping, and elimination patterns and to come back in a week to discuss them.”
d.	“This infant is difficult. It is important for you to identify what is bothering the baby.”

 

 

ANS:   B

 

	Feedback
A	Infants typically do not need more caloric intake to improve sleep behaviors.
B	Newborn infants may sleep as much as 17 to 20 hours per day. Sleep patterns vary widely, with some infants sleeping only 2 to 3 hours at a time.
C	Keeping intake, output, waking, and sleeping data is not typically helpful to discuss differences among infants’ behaviors.
D	Identifying an infant as difficult without identifying helpful actions is not a therapeutic response for a parent concerned about sleep.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application             REF:    Text Reference: pg 122

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC:   NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

12. The mother of a 10-month-old infant tells the nurse that her infant “really likes cow’s milk.” Which of the following is the best response to this mother?

a.	“Milk is good for him.”
b.	“It is best to wait until he is a year old before giving him cow’s milk.”
c.	“Limit cow’s milk to his bedtime bottle.”
d.	“Mix his cereal with cow’s milk and give him formula in a bottle.”

 

 

ANS:   B

 

	Feedback
A	Although milk is a good source of calcium and protein for children after the first year of life, it is not the best source of nutrients for children younger than 1 year old.
B	It is best to wait until the infant is at least a year old before giving him cow’s milk because of the risk of allergies and intestinal problems. Cow’s milk protein intolerance is the most common food allergy during infancy.
C	Bedtime bottles of formula or milk are contraindicated because of their high sugar content, which leads to dental decay in primary teeth.
D	Cereal can be mixed with formula.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Application             REF:    Text Reference: pg 121

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Assessment    MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

 

13. The mother of a 10-month-old infant asks the nurse about beginning to wean her child from his bottle. Which of the following statements by the mother suggests that the child is not ready to be weaned?

a.	“My son is frequently throwing his bottle down.”
b.	“The baby takes a few ounces of formula from the bottle.”
c.	“He is constantly chewing on the nipple. It concerns me.”
d.	“He consistently is sucking.”

 

 

ANS:   D

 

	Feedback
A	A decreased interest in the bottle starts between 6 to 12 months. Throwing the bottle down is a sign of a decreased interest in the bottle.
B	When the child is taking more fluids from a cup and decreasing amounts from the bottle, the child is demonstrating a readiness for weaning.
C	Chewing on the nipple is another sign that the infant is ready to be weaned.
D	Consistent sucking is a sign that the child is not ready to be weaned.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Evaluation              REF:    Text Reference: pgs 117-119

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:   NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

14. Which of the following is appropriate play for a 6-month-old infant?

a.	Pat-a-cake, peek-a-boo
b.	Ball rolling, hide and seek game
c.	Bright rattles and tactile toys
d.	Push and pull toys

 

 

ANS:   A

 

	Feedback
A	Six-month-old children enjoy playing pat-a-cake and peek-a-boo.
B	Nine-month-old infants enjoy rolling a ball and playing hide and seek games.
C	Four-month-old infants enjoy bright rattles and tactile toys.
D	Twelve-month-old infants enjoy playing with push and pull toys.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension      REF:    Text Reference: pg 123

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:   NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

15. Which of the following statements by a mother indicates that her 5-month-old infant is ready for solid food?

a.	“When I give my baby solid foods, she has difficulty getting it to the back of her throat to swallow.”
b.	“She has just started to sit up without any support.”
c.	“I am surprised that she only weighs 11 pounds. I expected her to have gained some weight.”
d.	“I find that she really has to be encouraged to eat.”

 

 

ANS:   B

 

	Feedback
A	Children who are ready to manage solid foods are able to move food to the back of their throats to swallow.
B	Sitting is a sign that the child is ready to begin with solid foods.
C	Infants who weigh less than 13 pounds and demonstrate a lack of interest in eating are not ready to be started on solid foods.
D	Infants who are difficult feeders and do not demonstrate an interest in solid foods are not ready to be started on them.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Analysis                  REF:    Text Reference: pg 119

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:   NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 

16. A mother asks the nurse, “When should I begin to clean my baby’s teeth?” What is the best response for the nurse?

a.	“You can begin when all her baby teeth are in.”
b.	“You can easily begin now. Just put some toothpaste on a gauze pad to clean the teeth.”
c.	“I don’t think you have to worry about that until she can handle a toothbrush.”
d.	“You can begin as soon as your child has a tooth. The easiest way is to take cotton swabs or a face cloth and just wipe the teeth. Toothpaste is not necessary.”

 

 

ANS:   D

 

	Feedback
A	An infant’s teeth need to be cleaned as soon as they erupt. Waiting until all the baby teeth are in is inappropriate and prolongs cleaning until 2 years of age.
B	Because toothpaste contains fluoride and infants will swallow the toothpaste, parents should avoid its use.
C	The infant’s teeth need to be cleaned by the parent as soon as they erupt. Even when a child has the ability to hold a toothbrush, the parent should continue cleaning the child’s teeth.
D	An infant’s teeth need to be cleaned as soon as they erupt. Cleaning the teeth with cotton swabs or a face cloth is appropriate.

 

 

DIF:    Cognitive Level: Comprehension      REF:    Text Reference: pg 122

OBJ:    Nursing Process Step: Planning         MSC:   NCLEX: Physiological Integrity