Police Operations Theory and Practice 6th Edition by Kären M. Hess - Test Bank

Police Operations Theory and Practice 6th Edition by Kären M. Hess – Test Bank

 

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CHAPTER 5: TRAFFIC: POLICING IN A COUNTRY ON THE MOVE

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. Traffic direction and control takes place

a.	at a crash scene.
b.	during funerals.
c.	when high-profile person(s) are in town.
d.	all of the other choices.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 159)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

2. The nation’s first mandatory seat belt law was passed in

a.	California.
b.	New York.
c.	Hawaii.
d.	Texas.
e.	Nebraska.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 164)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

3. When did cruising first begin to be a problem?

a.	1950–1960.
b.	1960–1970.
c.	1970–1980.
d.	1980–1990.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 160)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

4. Police traffic services consist of

a.	crash investigation.
b.	traffic enforcement.
c.	traffic direction and control.
d.	all of the other choices.
e.	none of the other choices.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 159)

OBJ:   What three functional areas police traffic services include.

 

5. Bolton states that traffic enforcement

a.	divides the public and law enforcement because the public believes traffic infractions are minor and should not be heavily enforced.
b.	is often overlooked in many departments.
c.	should be enforced only by state officers to eliminate the revenue-generating “speed traps.”
d.	is the most important task of a law enforcement agency to save lives and prevent injury.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 161)

OBJ:   Who is responsible for traffic enforcement.

 

6. The mentality of habitual offenders who have lost their license for driving infractions is

a.	“It is a right of mine to drive.”
b.	“I can’t lose something I’ve already lost.”
c.	“I will not get caught again.”
d.	“Traffic offenses are minor and will not tarnish my record.”

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 161)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

7. Officers’ discretion in traffic violations may consist of

a.	making an arrest.
b.	issuing a citation.
c.	simply talking to a motorist.
d.	all of the other choices.
e.	none of the other choices.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 171)

OBJ:   Who is responsible for traffic enforcement.

 

8. Traffic enforcement is the responsibility of

a.	state police.
b.	specialized traffic units.
c.	seasoned officers.
d.	all sworn officers.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 161)

OBJ:   Who is responsible for traffic enforcement.

 

9. Decoy patrol vehicles

a.	have not been used by many jurisdictions.
b.	have a negligible impact on reducing speeds.
c.	have a temporary effect until motorists realize there is no officer on-scene to write citations.
d.	decrease police visibility.
e.	are not cost-effective.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 167)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

10. Which famous wanted person was arrested during a traffic stop?

a.	D. B. Cooper
b.	John Gotti
c.	Timothy McVeigh
d.	Al Capone

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 162)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

11. Traffic enforcement is considered

a.	reactive.
b.	menial.
c.	proactive.
d.	“rookie” work.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 162)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

12. Driving an automobile is considered by law to be a

a.	personal right.
b.	privilege.
c.	civil liberty.
d.	civil right.
e.	sacred right.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 158) | (p. 176)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

13. Implied consent laws are passed to curb

a.	speeding.
b.	underage driving.
c.	drunken driving.
d.	aggressive driving.
e.	gas station drive-offs.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 176)

OBJ:   What strategies are being used to deter DUI.

 

14. The International Association of Chiefs of Police and the National Safety Council suggest an enforcement index of _______________ is realistic for most cities.

a.	less than 1:3
b.	approximately 1:10
c.	between 1:20 and 1:25
d.	between 1:200 and 1:250
e.	greater than 1:300

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 170)

OBJ:   Who is responsible for traffic enforcement.

 

15. Various programs designed to curb drunken driving have centered around

a.	sobriety checkpoints.
b.	vehicle forfeiture.
c.	ignition interlocks.
d.	all of the other choices.
e.	none of the other choices.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 34)

OBJ:   What strategies are being used to deter DUI.

 

16. ALPR stands for

a.	automated license plate recognition.
b.	automatic licensed person review.
c.	automated law patrol relations.
d.	annotated law provisions.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 169)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

17. The purpose of a traffic stop is to

a.	modify the driver’s future driving behavior.
b.	stop a violation of the law for public safety.
c.	serve as a general deterrent to other drivers.
d.	all of the other choices.
e.	none of the other choices.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 161)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

18. Factors that an officer should consider when faced with a foot pursuit situation include

a.	the possibility that the suspect possesses martial arts skills.
b.	the likelihood the suspect is under the influence of drugs.
c.	where the suspect might be leading the pursuing officer to.
d.	all of the other choices.
e.	none of the other choices.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 180)

OBJ:   What issues should be addressed in a pursuit policy.

 

19. Traffic calming measures include

a.	eliminating parking on residential streets.
b.	widening roads.
c.	straightening out bends and curves in the road.
d.	timing traffic signals for vehicles traveling the desired speed.
e.	both eliminating parking on residential streets and widening roads.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 166)

OBJ:   How the problem of speeding in residential areas can be addressed.

 

20. The use of radar detectors

a.	in commercial vehicles is banned in all states by the U.S. Department of Transportation.
b.	in commercial vehicles gives law enforcement probable cause for traffic stops.
c.	in cars is legal in all states except Virginia, Washington, DC, and U.S. military installations.
d.	both in commercial vehicles is banned in all states by the U.S. Department of Transportation and in commercial vehicles gives law enforcement probable cause for traffic stops.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 167)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

21. The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) estimates that __________ __________ tons of regulated hazardous materials move annually in America.

a.	4 million
b.	40 million
c.	400 million
d.	4 billion

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 184)

OBJ:   What a hazardous materials enforcement program should include.

 

22. The first state to pass racial profiling legislation was

a.	California.
b.	Alabama.
c.	Minnesota.
d.	Pennsylvania.
e.	Connecticut.

 

 

ANS:  E                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 174)

OBJ:   Who is responsible for traffic enforcement.

 

23. The national BAC standard for drunk driving is __________ percent.

a.	0.01
b.	0.05
c.	0.08
d.	0.10
e.	0.15

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 175)

OBJ:   What the number-one problem of traffic enforcement is.

 

24. One argument against the ban of the use of cell phones while driving is

a.	then emergency vehicles should have the radios removed as well.
b.	in today’s society we need the cell phones to communicate.
c.	even radios should be removed from vehicles because they are also a distraction.
d.	we as Americans are granted free speech.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 164)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

25. One of the most prevalent traffic violations is

a.	failure to use seat belts.
b.	speeding.
c.	DWI/DUI.
d.	aggressive driving.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 164)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

26. The Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of sobriety checkpoints was

a.	Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz.
b.	City of Indianapolis v. Edmond.
c.	Brown v. City of Oneonta.
d.	Carleton v. Town of Framingham.
e.	Pennsylvania v. Mimms.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 179)

OBJ:   What strategies are being used to deter DUI.

 

27. At a crash scene, when police, firefighters, and emergency medical services (EMS) personnel converge,

a.	the police often feel that the fire truck is just in the way and demand it be moved because it is blocking traffic.
b.	the police should realize that the equipment officers may need is already on the fire truck.
c.	the police should realize that the truck provides good traffic control, protecting the crash scene and those responding to it.
d.	the police often feel the fire truck is in the way and demand it be moved because it is blocking traffic, but the police should realize that equipment the police may need is already on the fire truck.
e.	all of the other choices.

 

 

ANS:  E                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 187)

OBJ:   What the responsibilities of officers responding to a crash scene are. | What three functional areas police traffic services include.

 

28. An officer’s public duty to arrest impaired drivers was a principle established in

a.	Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz.
b.	City of Indianapolis v. Edmond.
c.	Brown v. City of Oneonta.
d.	Carleton v. Town of Framingham.
e.	Pennsylvania v. Mimms.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 180)

OBJ:   What strategies are being used to deter DUI.

 

29. In _______________, the Supreme Court held that compulsive, stationary roadblocks are akin to seizures.

a.	Brower v. County of Inyo
b.	Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz.
c.	City of Indianapolis v. Edmond.
d.	Pennsylvania v. Muniz
e.	Scott v. Harris

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 183)

OBJ:   What issues should be addressed in a pursuit policy.

 

30. Whren v. United States held that the validity and constitutionality of a stop depends on whether police officers ______________ made the stop.

a.	would have
b.	could have
c.	should have
d.	all of the other choices
e.	none of the other choices

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 173)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

TRUE/FALSE

 

1. Officers are commonly frustrated by how prosecutors treat DWI cases.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 170)

OBJ:   What the number-one problem of traffic enforcement is.

 

2. Studies have shown the number-one complaint to law enforcement is speeding in residential areas.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 166)

OBJ:   How the problem of speeding in residential areas can be addressed.

 

3. Strategies that may reduce street racing include using undercover officers and videotaping the racing activities.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 167)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

4. Road rage is a traffic violation; aggressive driving is a criminal offense.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 169)

OBJ:   What the difference between aggressive driving and road rage is.

 

5. Decoy patrols are a long-term, effective way to reduce traffic violations.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 167)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

6. All 50 states currently have a Move Over law.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 171)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

7. More officer time is spent on traffic patrol than any other police activity.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 158)

OBJ:   Who is responsible for traffic enforcement.

 

8. When people are in a hurry, they are more likely to run stop signs and red lights.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 168)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

9. Red-light cameras are not suggested as a proactive traffic enforcement because of the high cost associated with the system.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 168)

OBJ:   What three functional areas police traffic services include.

 

10. Prohibitions against tailgating are difficult to enforce.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 168)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

11. When in pursuit of a suspect, law enforcement officers should only be concerned with their obligation to enforce laws and arrest perpetrators.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (pp. 180–181)

OBJ:   What balance must be maintained in an effective pursuit policy.

 

12. Research has shown that most alcohol-impaired drivers never get arrested.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 169)

OBJ:   What the number-one problem of traffic enforcement is.

 

13. Few of the physical symptoms of intoxication are similar to those produced by medical conditions such as diabetes, epilepsy, or concussion.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 174)

OBJ:   What the number-one problem of traffic enforcement is.

 

14. The Supreme Court has ruled that sobriety checkpoints are constitutional.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 179)

OBJ:   What strategies are being used to deter DUI.

 

15. To warn and protect motorists is a functional area that police traffic services includes.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 159)

OBJ:   What three functional areas police traffic services include.

 

16. If officers write a simple report and issue a citation for DWI/DUI, prosecution can be difficult.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 170)

OBJ:   What the number-one problem of traffic enforcement is.

 

17. Research has found that “black boxes” or Event Data Recorders (EDR) are of little assistance in accident reconstruction.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 184)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

18. In Brown v. City of Oneonta, the court held that where law enforcement officials possess only a physical description of a criminal suspect consisting primarily of the suspect’s race and gender, and where they do not have evidence of other discriminatory intent, they cannot act on the basis of that description, for doing so would violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 173)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

19. Drug checkpoints, like sobriety checkpoints, have been ruled constitutional by the Supreme Court.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 179)

OBJ:   What the number-one problem of traffic enforcement is.

 

20. Traffic enforcement of transporting hazardous materials is often overlooked.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (pp. 184–185)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

21. In those states having a law against drunk driving, the decision to arrest a drunk driver remains a discretionary one for police officers.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 180)

OBJ:   What strategies are being used to deter DUI.

 

22. The leading cause of death for children ages 3 to 14 in the United States is motor vehicle crashes.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 165)

OBJ:   What the responsibilities of officers responding to a crash scene are.

 

23. Even in minor crashes, or so-called fender benders, thorough investigations are always required.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 187)

OBJ:   What the responsibilities of officers responding to a crash scene are.

 

SHORT ANSWER

 

1. MADD stands for _________________________________________________________ _______________________________.

 

ANS:

Mothers Against Drunk Driving

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 177)          OBJ:   What strategies are being used to deter DUI.

 

2. ___________ radar has the sole purpose of triggering a motorist’s radar detection unit in an effort to get drivers to slow down.

 

ANS:

Drone

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 167)          OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

3. ______________ ______________ describes road and environmental design changes that make it more difficult for a vehicle to speed.

 

ANS:

Traffic calming

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 166)

OBJ:   How the problem of speeding in residential areas can be addressed.

 

4. A __________ domestic is essentially a domestic situation that occurs in a moving motor vehicle.

 

ANS:

rolling

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 169)          OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

5. A _____________ stop, also called a ___________ motive stop, is one in which an officer stops a vehicle not only for a traffic violation but also because the driver looks suspicious.

 

ANS:

pretext; dual

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 173)          OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

6. One chemical test for DUI measures a person’s ___________________________________ _________________________________ (BAC).

 

ANS:

blood-alcohol concentration

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 175)          OBJ:   What strategies are being used to deter DUI.

 

MATCHING

 

Each item may be matched only once. Select the best match.

 

a.	aggressive driving	h.	pursuit
b.	BAC	i.	racial profiling
c.	DRE/DRT	j.	road rage
d.	enforcement index	k.	scofflaw
e.	cell phone	l.	selective enforcement
f.	Pennsylvania v. Mimms	m.	implied consent
g.	Pennsylvania v. Muniz	n.	Brower v. County of Inyo

 

 

1. assault with a motor vehicle or other dangerous weapon by the operator or passenger(s) of one motor vehicle on the operator or passenger(s) of another motor vehicle that is caused by an incident that occurred on the roadway

 

2. law that states those who request and receive driver’s licenses must agree to take tests to determine their ability to drive

 

3. tailgating, making unsafe lane changes, driving too fast for conditions, weaving in and out of traffic, and ignoring traffic control devices

 

4. the weight of alcohol in grams per milliliter of blood

 

5. case that established that police officers may order the driver of a vehicle to exit the vehicle during a stop for a traffic violation

 

6. a persistent lawbreaker

 

7. part of a planned allocation of police personnel and equipment guided by a study of the kinds of violations and road conditions that contribute to collisions

 

8. experts specially trained to recognize individuals under the influence of drugs

 

9. the use of discretionary authority by law enforcement officers in encounters with minority motorists, typically within the context of a traffic stop, that results in the disparate treatment of minorities

 

10. a figure based on the ratio of tickets issued for hazardous driving violations to the number of fatal and personal injury crashes

 

11. considered so serious a distraction that it has become the subject of litigation.

 

12. the leading case on Fifth and Sixth Amendment issues in videotaping drivers under the influence

 

13. an active attempt by a law enforcement officer on duty in a patrol car to apprehend one or more occupants of a moving motor vehicle, providing the driver of such vehicle is aware of the attempt and is resisting apprehension

 

14. case that determined compulsive, stationary roadblocks are akin to seizures

 

1. ANS:  J                     PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 160)

OBJ:   What the difference between aggressive driving and road rage is.

 

2. ANS:  M                   PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 176)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

3. ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 169)

OBJ:   What the difference between aggressive driving and road rage is.

 

4. ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 175)

OBJ:   What the number-one problem of traffic enforcement is.

 

5. ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 171)

OBJ:   Who is responsible for traffic enforcement.

 

6. ANS:  K                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 172)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

7. ANS:  L                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (pp. 170–171)

OBJ:   Who is responsible for traffic enforcement.

 

8. ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 176)

OBJ:   What the number-one problem of traffic enforcement is.

 

9. ANS:  I                     PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 173)

OBJ:   Who is responsible for traffic enforcement.

 

10. ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 170)

OBJ:   What the responsibilities of officers responding to a crash scene are.

 

11. ANS:  E                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 163)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are.

 

12. ANS:  G                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 177)

OBJ:   What the number-one problem of traffic enforcement is.

 

13. ANS:  H                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 180)

OBJ:   Who is responsible for traffic enforcement.

 

14. ANS:  N                    PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 183)

OBJ:   What the number-one problem of traffic enforcement is.

 

ESSAY

 

1. Explain the difference between aggressive driving and road rage. When does law enforcement become involved?

 

ANS:

Answer varies.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   (pp. 168–169)

OBJ:   What the difference between aggressive driving and road rage is.

 

2. Discuss the strategies being used to deter DUI. Note which strategies you believe are effective and which fall short of their goal, and elaborate on your reasoning.

 

ANS:

Answer varies.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   (pp. 177–179)

OBJ:   What strategies are being used to deter DUI.

 

3. Discuss Pennsylvania v. Mimms and Pennsylvania v. Muniz.

 

ANS:

Answer varies.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   (p. 171) | (p. 177)

OBJ:   What the basic purposes of traffic enforcement are. | Who is responsible for traffic enforcement.

 

4. List and discuss the issues associated with racial profiling. Is there any circumstance where racial profiling is accepted? Explain.

 

ANS:

Answer varies.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   (pp. 173–174)

OBJ:   Who is responsible for traffic enforcement.

 

5. Discuss the controversy surrounding police pursuits and the two juxtaposing positions in this debate. In addition, list specific issues that must be addressed in a pursuit policy and illustrate a basic pursuit continuum.

 

ANS:

Answer varies.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   (pp. 181–183)

OBJ:   What issues should be addressed in a pursuit policy. | What balance must be maintained in an effective pursuit policy.