Psychology An Introduction, 10th edition by Benjamin Lahey – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

5 SENSATION AND PERCEPTION

 

Multiple-Choice Questions

 

1. We are aware of our internal and external world because we possess
2. A) sense organs.
3. B) preceptor muscles.
4. C) interocular locution.
5. D) sensory deprivation.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 124

Style: Factual

 

2. Sensory information is interpreted through the process of
3. A) sensation.
4. B) translation.
5. C) perception.
6. D) sensory adaptation.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 124

Style: Factual

 

3. The process of receiving, translating, and transmitting messages from the outside world to the brain is called
4. A) sensation.
5. B) selective attention.
6. C) perception.
7. D) cognition.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 124

Style: Factual

 

4. A brain-injured patient cannot interpret sensory stimuli but can detect the presence of a stimulus. This person has a problem with
5. A) sensation.
6. B) perception.
7. C) transduction.
8. D) adaptation.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 124

Style: Conceptual

 

5. Your friend asks you to help move some boxes. You look at the boxes and without even trying to move them you say, “These boxes are too heavy.” Seeing the boxes as heavy is an example of
6. A) sensation.
7. B) transduction.
8. C) constancy.
9. D) perception.

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 124

Style: Conceptual

 

6. Sensory systems have specialized neurons that transform physical energy into neural messages. These specialized neurons are called
7. A) interneurons.
8. B) transducers.
9. C) receptors.
10. D) adaptors.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 124

Style: Factual

 

7. The color of the white paper and the correction fluid you use to cover up mistakes on the paper are not exactly the same, but they are so close that you cannot see any difference. This is because your _______ abilities are limited.
8. A) perceptual
9. B) sensory
10. C) associative
11. D) cognitive

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 125

Style: Conceptual

 

8. The main function of sensory receptor cells is to
9. A) maintain a system of checks and balances with perception cells.
10. B) receive outside forms of energy and translate into neural impulses.
11. C) inform the brain which types of electromagnetic energy are harmful.
12. D) collect information about the outside world so the brain can disregard it.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 125

Style: Factual

 

9. Regarding stimuli in the outside world, collecting data about that world is the function of ______ and interpreting the data that has been collected is the function of ______.
10. A) the brain; the spinal cord
11. B) the spinal cord; the brain
12. C) sensation; perception
13. D) perception; sensation

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page:

Style: Conceptual

 

10. The process of converting light, sound, and other forms of energy from the world we live in into a form of neural impulses our brain can understand is called
11. A) transduction.
12. B) induction.
13. C) recovery of function.
14. D) circumlocution.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 125

Style: Factual

 

11. At the center of every sense organ there are ______ that transduce incoming stimuli.
12. A) nuclei
13. B) sense organs
14. C) pheromones
15. D) psychophysicalities

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 125

Style: Factual

 

12. Where does the process of transduction take place?
13. A) at the cortical level
14. B) at the interneuron level
15. C) at the receptor cell level
16. D) at the spinal cord level

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 125

Style: Factual

 

13. In sensory transduction, neural energy is derived from
14. A) physical sources of energy.
15. B) Weber’s law.
16. C) stereochemical energy.
17. D) perceptions.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 125

Style: Factual

 

14. If a person hears two tones that differ in intensity just barely enough to be detected, the point of detection would be the ________ threshold.
15. A) difference
16. B) sensory
17. C) absolute
18. D) transduction

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 125

Style: Factual

 

15. The smallest intensity of a stimulus that is detected 50 % of the time is
16. A) Weber’s law.
17. B) the sensory threshold.
18. C) the difference threshold.
19. D) the absolute threshold.

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 125

Style: Factual

 

16. An architect is designing apartments and wants them to be soundproof. She asks a psychologist what the smallest amount of sound is that can be heard. Her question is most related to
17. A) the absolute threshold.
18. B) the difference threshold.
19. C) Weber’s law.
20. D) the sensory receptors.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 125

Style: Conceptual

 

17. You are studying in your dorm room, but your neighbor is blasting the television in the adjacent room. When you gently request that your neighbor turn the volume down until you cannot hear it, you are asking your neighbor to find your
18. A) absolute threshold.
19. B) difference threshold.
20. C) transduction level.
21. D) basilar membrane.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 125

Style: Applied

 

 

18. With incoming sensory stimuli, not every message will be strong enough to be detected. That is, a message must exceed the _______ in order to be processed.
19. A) expectations
20. B) arbitrary value
21. C) threshold
22. D) upper limit

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 125–126

Style: Factual

 

19. The absolute threshold is the smallest magnitude of a stimulus that can be ______ and the difference threshold is the smallest magnitude of s stimulus that can be ______.
20. A) generated; generated half the time
21. B) generated half the time; generated
22. C) detected half the time; detected
23. D) detected; detected half the time

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 125

Style: Conceptual

 

20. The ______ threshold is the smallest magnitude of a stimulus that can be detected.
21. A) absolute
22. B) difference
23. C) relevant
24. D) partial

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 125

Style: Factual

 

21. One of the reasons that sensory adaptation occurs is because
22. A) transduction limits are exceeded.
23. B) receptor cells become fatigued.
24. C) receptor cells become hypervigilant.
25. D) absolute thresholds change over time.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 125–126

Style: Factual

 

22. You arrive at your friend’s apartment for a big party at the end of the semester. When you first arrive, the music is so loud that it almost hurts your ears. After a couple of hours, even though the music is still at the same volume, it doesn’t bother you anymore, and you like it.  This change over time describes the process of
23. A) light adaptation.
24. B) transduction.
25. C) sensory adaptation.
26. D) sensory deprivation.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page:

Style: Applied

 

23. You can’t feel the waistband of your underwear (though you know it is there). This is mostly the result of
24. A) sensory deprivation.
25. B) difference thresholds.
26. C) sensory adaptation.
27. D) transduction.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 125–126

Style: Factual

 

24. You go swimming in cold water. At first you are in agony, but later the water doesn’t feel so bad. You have experienced
25. A) sensory adaptation.
26. B) perceptual constancy.
27. C) vestibular adaptation.
28. D) gustation.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 125–126

Style: Conceptual

 

25. As you enter your house, you smell the pleasant aroma of dinner cooking. After several minutes, you hardly notice the smell. This is an example of
26. A) Weber’s law.
27. B) a difference threshold.
28. C) stereochemical theory.
29. D) sensory adaptation.

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 125–126

Style: Conceptual

 

26. Tom walked into the anatomy lab for the first time and was overpowered by the odor of formaldehyde. By the end of the lab, he said there was only a slight smell. This can best be explained by
27. A) stereochemical desensitization.
28. B) opponent-process theory.
29. C) sensory adaptation.
30. D) gustatory disinhibition.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 125–­126

Style: Conceptual

 

27. A person wishes to study how vision is affected by various stimulus conditions. Which specialty field within psychology would be best suited to his or her interest?
28. A) environmental psychology
29. B) sensory physiology
30. C) psychophysics
31. D) kinesthetics

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 126

Style: Factual

 

28. When you are paid $1 instead of $2, it is a big deal. When you are paid $91 instead of $92, the difference feels less painful. This is similar to
29. A) absolute thresholds.
30. B) perceptual constancy.
31. C) Weber’s law.
32. D) stimulus transduction.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 126

Style: Factual

 

29. In a dark room, lighting one candle adds a lot of brightness. However, in a room with 100 lit candles, lighting one candle has little effect. This example can be explained by
30. A) sensory adaptation.
31. B) perceptual constancy.
32. C) Weber’s law.
33. D) the Law of Effect.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 126

Style: Factual

 

30. The specialty area in psychology that studies topics such as sensory limits and sensory adaptation is called
31. A) kinesiology.
32. B) biopsychology.
33. C) psychokinesis.
34. D) psychophysics.

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 126

Style: Factual

 

31. The ability to detect small changes of weak stimuli and large changes in strong stimuli is known as
32. A) Weber’s law.
33. B) transduction.
34. C) psychophysics.
35. D) trichromaticism.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 126

Style: Factual

 

32. Technically speaking, light is a form of
33. A) matter.
34. B) energy.
35. C) gas.
36. D) anti-matter.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 128

Style: Factual

 

33. Of all forms of electromagnetic radiation, humans can perceive ______ forms of electromagnetic radiation.
34. A) all
35. B) some
36. C) none
37. D) only X ray

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 128

Style: Factual

 

34. When we refer to the hue of a light wave, we are referring to what we perceive as
35. A) intensity.
36. B) radiation.
37. C) brightness.
38. D) color.

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 129

Style: Factual

 

35. Regarding light, wavelength is the ______ as intensity is the ______.
36. A) hue; brightness
37. B) brightness; hue
38. C) hue; saturation
39. D) brightness; saturation

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 129

Style: Conceptual

 

36. A change in the wavelength of light would result in a change in
37. A) brightness.
38. B) saturation.
39. C) hue.
40. D) intensity.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 129

Style: Factual

 

37. When you can tell the difference between candy apple red and fire engine red, it is partly because the light stimuli differ in their
38. A) visual acuity.
39. B) cone density.
40. C) X rays.
41. D) wavelengths.

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 129

Style: Conceptual

 

38. The major purpose of the iris is to
39. A) protect the eye from injury.
40. B) regulate the amount of light entering the eye.
41. C) focus light on the retina.
42. D) transduce light energy.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 129

Style: Factual

 

39. The clear membrane just in front of the iris through which light first passes is the
40. A) retina.
41. B) lens.
42. C) cornea.
43. D) rod.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 129

Style: Factual

 

40. The ciliary muscle of the eye controls the
41. A) thickness of the lens.
42. B) optic chiasm.
43. C) color intensity.
44. D) retinal cones.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 129

Style: Factual

 

41. The receptors for vision are located in the
42. A) retina.
43. B) cornea.
44. C) blind spot.
45. D) optic chiasm.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 129

Style: Factual

 

42. Toward the center of the retina, there is an area that contains only cones. This area is called the
43. A) cornea.
44. B) fovea.
45. C) chiasm.
46. D) optic nerve.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 129

Style: Factual

 

43. Since most nonprimate mammals have no color vision, you would expect their eyes to have
44. A) mostly cones.
45. B) mostly rods.
46. C) equal numbers of rods and cones.
47. D) no cones or rods.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 129

Style: Conceptual

 

44. Jane is having trouble sleeping. As she sits in bed looking around the darkened room, she notices that her peripheral vision seems to be better than her central vision. This is because peripheral vision
45. A) depends on the rods.
46. B) depends on the cones.
47. C) has better visual acuity.
48. D) does not have a blind spot.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 129

Style: Applied

 

45. You try to note the incredibly fine details of a computer microchip through a magnifying glass. On which area of the retina are you focusing this image?
46. A) optic chiasm
47. B) rods
48. C) periphery
49. D) fovea

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 129

Style: Conceptual

 

46. The _____ is held in place by ligaments attached to the ciliary muscle.
47. A) cornea
48. B) lens
49. C) iris
50. D) fovea

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 129

Style: Factual

 

47. As light enters the eye, eventually it reaches the light-sensitive ____ at the back of the second chamber of the eye.
48. A) blind spot
49. B) fovea
50. C) retina
51. D) cornea

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 129

Style: Factual

 

48. The main function of rods and cones is to
49. A) stretch wavelengths.
50. B) minimize trichromaticism.
51. C) adjust sensory thresholds.
52. D) transduce light.

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 129

Style: Factual

 

49. Within the eye, there are about _____ cones and ______ rods.
50. A) 6 million; 125 million
51. B) 60 million; 125 million
52. C) 6 million; 12.5 million
53. D) 600 million; 1.25 million

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 129

Style: Factual

 

50. If you wanted to have good clarity and sharpness of vision, you should arrange for light and images to be focused at the
51. A) edges of the cornea where light is refracted best.
52. B) center of the retina where cones are concentrated.
53. C) periphery of the iris where light passes through clearest.
54. D) middle of the lens where ciliary muscles are the strongest.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 129

Style: Factual

 

51. Bright overhead lights are suddenly turned off. At first the room is extremely dark, but gradually you are able to see the edges of objects in the room. These adjustments to illumination occur because of
52. A) light adaptation.
53. B) dark adaptation.
54. C) opponent-process theory.
55. D) wavelength blindness.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 131

Style: Conceptual

 

52. Fresh chemicals used in light reception are stored during the ________ process.
53. A) transduction
54. B) threshold
55. C) dark adaptation
56. D) light adaptation

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 131–132

Style: Factual

 

53. You dissect an animal and find no cones in its eyes. What can you conclude about its vision?
54. A) It had extremely good eyesight.
55. B) Its eyesight was very poor.
56. C) The animal relied very much on color changes in the environment.
57. D) The animal could not distinguish colors.

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 132

Style: Factual

 

54. While attending a car show, you see a custom-painted car that seems to change color as you view its paint from different angles. The most likely explanation for this is
55. A) the reflected wavelength of light is held constant.
56. B) the reflected wavelength of light changes with position.
57. C) your retinas are defective.
58. D) the hue of light is not variable.

Answer:  B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 132­–133

Style: Conceptual

 

55. People are tested for peripheral vision by driving machines. If declines are found, the physical cause probably involves
56. A) decreases in cones.
57. B) decreases in rods.
58. C) more rods than cones in the retina.
59. D) decreased intraocular eye pressure.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 129

Style: Factual

 

56. In a well-lighted room, rods are being used ______ and cones are being used ______.
57. A) infrequently; frequently
58. B) infrequently; infrequently
59. C) frequently; infrequently
60. D) frequently; frequently

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 131

Style: Factual

 

57. In the process of ______ that your eyes have been in the dark for a while and become very sensitive to light due to the build-up of chemicals necessary for light reception.
58. A) light adaptation
59. B) dark adaptation
60. C) transduction
61. D) macular degeneration

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 132

Style: Conceptual

 

58. The trichromatic theory of color vision suggests that we perceive colors because there are ______ different types of cones in the retina.
59. A) 2
60. B) 3
61. C) 4
62. D) 5

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 132

Style: Factual

 

59. One way to think about how we process color images is that the ______ describes the events at the first level of neurons in the visual system, while the ______ best describes the activities of neurons in the rest of the visual system.
60. A) camera theory; opponent-process theory
61. B) opponent-process theory; trichromatic theory
62. C) trichromatic theory; opponent-process theory
63. D) opponent-process theory; camera theory

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: High

Page: 132–133

Style: Conceptual

 

60. For someone with color blindness, the colors that look the same are always
61. A) red.
62. B) white and black.
63. C) pastel colors.
64. D) complementary colors.

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 135

Style: Factual

 

61. Afterimages are usually seen in colors complementary to the colors of the original image, confirming a prediction made by the
62. A) trichromatic theory.
63. B) dichromatic theory.
64. C) opponent-process theory.
65. D) stereochemical theory.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 134

Style: Factual

 

62. The theory of color vision that contends that the eye has two kinds of cones, responding to either the red-green or yellow-blue range of wavelength, is the
63. A) opponent-process theory.
64. B) trichromatic theory.
65. C) dichromacy theory.
66. D) stereochemical theory.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 133–134

Style: Factual

 

63. According to one theory of color vision, colors are signaled in pairs by neural cells that signal faster to one color and slower to another color. This theory is known as the ________ theory.
64. A) opponent-process
65. B) trichromatic
66. C) stereochemical
67. D) complementary

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 133–134

Style: Factual

 

64. After staring at a green circle for 30 seconds, a person trains his or her gaze on a white surface. Even though the surface is white, the person begins to see a red circle. The red circle is a(n)
65. A) adaptation image.
66. B) stereochemical image.
67. C) color afterimage.
68. D) opponent image.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 133

Style: Factual

 

65. Which theory of color vision most accurately describes the process of color vision at the level of the retina?
66. A) afterimage theory
67. B) opponent-process theory
68. C) dark adaptation theory
69. D) trichromatic theory

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 132

Style: Factual

 

66. We hear a tuning fork when it is struck because it
67. A) electromagnetically stimulates the vestibular system.
68. B) causes compression and rarefaction of air molecules.
69. C) transduces air molecules into energy.
70. D) causes the oval window to uncurl and recoil.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 136

Style: Factual

 

67. In the process of hearing, successive waves of increased density (called ______) and waves of decreased density (called ______) cause us to hear a repeating sound.
68. A) rarefaction; compression
69. B) magnification; compression
70. C) compression; rarefaction
71. D) rarefaction; magnification

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 136

Style: Factual

 

68. When the molecules in the air become less dense (as in the process of hearing), ______ has occurred.
69. A) myelination
70. B) magnification
71. C) compression
72. D) rarefaction

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 136

Style: Factual

 

69. If you change the frequency of a sound wave, you change the
70. A) timbre.
71. B) intensity.
72. C) pitch.
73. D) loudness.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 137

Style: Factual

 

70. The intensity of sound is measured in
71. A) hertz units.
72. B) timbre.
73. C) decibel units.
74. D) frequency.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 137

Style: Factual

 

71. Hertz is to decibel as
72. A) timbre is to frequency.
73. B) compression is to rarefaction.
74. C) frequency is to intensity.
75. D) intensity is to amplitude.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 136–137

Style: Factual

 

72. The changing frequency of sound from a train going past your stopped car occurs because of changes in the sound’s
73. A) intensity.
74. B) timbre.
75. C) decibels.
76. D) pitch.

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 137

Style: Factual

 

73. Objects that vibrate ______ create ______ sound waves.
74. A) slowly; high frequency
75. B) slowly; low frequency
76. C) quickly; low frequency
77. D) quickly; zero frequency

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 136

Style: Factual

 

74. 74. Hertz is a method of measuring the frequency of sound waves as the number of cycles per
75. A) hour.
76. B) millisecond.
77. C) second.
78. D) minute.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 136

Style: Factual

 

75. The unit of measure for the intensity of sound is
76. A) pitch.
77. B) saturation.
78. C) hue.
79. D) decibel.

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 137

Style: Factual

 

76. The pinna is the _____ which is quite useful for collecting sounds from the environment.
77. A) external part of the ear
78. B) inner eardrum
79. C) curled structure of the inner ear
80. D) organ of Corti

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 138

Style: Factual

 

77. It is the ______ that gets waxy and connects the outer ear to the middle ear.
78. A) organ of Corti
79. B) external auditory canal
80. C) basilar membrane
81. D) auditory transducer

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 138

Style: Factual

 

78. Another name for the eardrum is the
79. A) tympanic membrane.
80. B) organ of Corti.
81. C) cochlear window.
82. D) internal auditory canal.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 138

Style: Factual

 

79. What is the major function of the hammer, anvil, and stirrup of the middle ear?
80. A) to soften the tone of incoming stimuli for appropriate processing
81. B) to stir cochlear fluid so that bone conduction hearing can occur
82. C) to amplify vibrations and pass them on to the inner ear
83. D) to clean the external auditory canal of any potential wax buildup

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 138

Style: Factual

 

80. When sound waves enter the ear canal, they first
81. A) vibrate the eardrum.
82. B) move the oval window.
83. C) vibrate the cochlea.
84. D) vibrate the hammer.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 138

Style: Factual

 

81. The bones of the middle ear are set into motion by vibrations of the
82. A) cochlea.
83. B) eardrum.
84. C) saccule.
85. D) basilar membrane.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 138

Style: Factual

 

82. Where are the basilar membrane and the organ of Corti located?
83. A) semicircular canals
84. B) cochlea
85. C) middle ear
86. D) oval window

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 138

Style: Factual

 

83. If both of your ears were on the same side of your head, you would have difficulty
84. A) determining timbre.
85. B) discriminating loudness.
86. C) localizing sounds.
87. D) with bone conduction.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 140

Style: Factual

 

84. Fran has little trouble hearing her own speech, but has great difficulty hearing the speech of others. Which explanation accounts for Fran’s problem?
85. A) damage to the cochlea
86. B) damage to the oval window
87. C) damage to the eardrum
88. D) damage to the pinna

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 138

Style: Conceptual

 

85. If you lost all of your ability to hear with your left ear, you would likely have
86. A) trouble locating the sources of sounds.
87. B) trouble discriminating individual voices.
88. C) trouble understanding human speech.
89. D) no trouble at all with your hearing.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 140

Style: Factual

 

86. With your eyes closed, touch the tip of your nose with your right index finger. You are able to do this mainly because of information from your
87. A) auditory sense.
88. B) vestibular sense.
89. C) kinesthetic sense.
90. D) skin senses.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 141

Style: Factual

 

87. Information about the location and movement of skin, muscles, joints, and tendons is provided by
88. A) saccule and utricle cells.
89. B) kinesthetic receptors.
90. C) semicircular canals.
91. D) tactile discs.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 141

Style: Factual

 

88. If your saccule and utricle are damaged, you will have problems with
89. A) body orientation.
90. B) skin temperature.
91. C) sound localization.
92. D) taste.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 141

Style: Factual

 

89. Your brain receives information about your body orientation and movement from
90. A) psychophysiological understanding.
91. B) sensory adaptation.
92. C) endorphin receptors.
93. D) the vestibular organ.

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 141

Style: Factual

 

90. Which of the following is an example of a type of skin receptor?
91. A) terminal en bouton
92. B) basket cell
93. C) recharger cell
94. D) facile disc

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 143

Style: Factual

 

91. Receptors for stimuli that are perceived as painful, called nocioceptors, are found
92. A) on the scalp.
93. B) only on the back.
94. C) concentrated on the fingertips.
95. D) throughout the body.

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 144

Style: Factual

 

92. On your skin, the level of sensitivity is controlled by the
93. A) temperature of the surroundings.
94. B) number of nerve cells.
95. C) level of arousal.
96. D) thickness of the epidermis.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page:

Style: Factual

 

93. When you feel pain, which skin receptor is primarily involved?
94. A) basket cells
95. B) specialized end bulbs
96. C) free nerve endings
97. D) tactile discs

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 143

Style: Factual

 

94. What do you experience when nocioceptors are stimulated?
95. A) pain
96. B) sexual pleasure
97. C) dizziness
98. D) sound

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 144

Style: Factual

 

95. How does myelin influence the transmission of pain signals?
96. A) It slows the message.
97. B) It speeds the message.
98. C) It changes the message.
99. D) It blocks the message.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 144

Style: Factual

 

96. Gate control theory is associated with
97. A) vision.
98. B) pain.
99. C) balance.
100. D) olfaction.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 144

Style: Factual

 

97. The theory that explains why there is not a direct relationship between a pain stimulus and the amount of pain experienced is
98. A) stereochemical theory.
99. B) free nerve ending theory.
100. C) pain adaptation theory.
101. D) gate control theory.

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 144

Style: Factual

 

98. According to the gate control theory of pain, how do gate neurons inhibit pain neurons?
99. A) by releasing endorphins
100. B) by activating specialized end bulbs
101. C) by blocking basket cells
102. D) by releasing substance P

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 144

Style: Factual

 

99. The effectiveness of morphine in relieving pain is explained by its
100. A) mood elevating effects.
101. B) chemical similarity to endorphins.
102. C) capacity to inhibit free nerve endings.
103. D) tendency to open spinal gates.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 146

Style: Factual

 

100. A theory supporting the effectiveness of acupuncture states that it works because it
101. A) inhibits key skin receptors for pain.
102. B) opens neural gates in the spinal cord.
103. C) triggers the release of endorphins.
104. D) redirects neural signals in the cortex.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 145

Style: Factual

 

101. The transmission of slow pain messages can be enhanced by gate neurons when
102. A) exposed to morphine.
103. B) they are inhibitory.
104. C) they inhibit specialized end bulbs.
105. D) they release substance P.

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 145

Style: Factual

 

101. The neuropeptide involved in slow-pain transmission is
102. A) glutamate.
103. B) substance P.
104. C) norepinephrine.
105. D) dopamine.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 145

Style: Factual

 

103. A/n ______ is a substance that inhibits the pain at gate neurons.
104. A) hormone
105. B) neurotransmitter
106. C) endorphin
107. D) neuropeptide

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 145

Style: Factual

 

104. As many as ______ % of amputees experience phantom limb pain.
105. A) 10
106. B) 30
107. C) 50
108. D) 70

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 146–147

Style: Factual

 

105. What does evidence suggest about the neural networks that mediate the sensations of phantom limb pain?
106. A) Unused cortical areas become sensitive to other body areas.
107. B) The networks are nonexistent, and feeling is only the result of memory.
108. C) The networks disappear after a few months of disuse.
109. D) Unused cortical areas are stimulated by random firing from the cerebellum.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 146–147

Style: Conceptual

 

106. What does the phantom limb experience tell us about conscious experience?
107. A) Memories can interfere with sensation.
108. B) Sensory information is not needed for the perception of pain.
109. C) Conscious experience is not always a direct representation of sensory information.
110. D) Phantom limb sensations reveal no new information about conscious experience.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 146–147

Style: Factual

 

107. In the Bariba culture, those who openly display indications of pain
108. A) lack courage.
109. B) show strength.
110. C) are not yet adults.
111. D) become leaders.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 147

Style: Factual

 

108. Which of the following phrases would be an accurate translation of a proverb from the Bariba culture related to pain?
109. A) No pain, no gain.
110. B) Between death and shame, death has the greater beauty.
111. C) Big boys don’t cry, but it’s OK for little girls to cry.
112. D) There is no such thing as pain—it’s all in your head.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 147

Style: Conceptual

 

109. The gustatory sense refers to the chemical sense of
110. A) smell.
111. B) taste.
112. C) touch.
113. D) pain.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 149

Style: Factual

 

110. Human taste buds respond to ______ different classes of chemicals.
111. A) five
112. B) seven
113. C) twelve
114. D) more than twenty

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 149

Style: Factual

 

111. Taste buds are bunched together in
112. A) taste cells.
113. B) the papillae.
114. C) endocrine glands.
115. D) the organ of Corti.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 149

Style: Factual

 

112. Your doctor has given you some awful-tasting pills. To minimize the aversive taste, where should you place the pill on your tongue?
113. A) front
114. B) side
115. C) middle
116. D) back

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 150

Style: Conceptual

 

113. We are able to taste due to approximately ______ taste buds on our tongue.
114. A) 10,000
115. B) 100,000
116. C) 1,000,000
117. D) 1,000

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 149

Style: Factual

 

114. The sense of smell is called ______ and the sense of taste is called ______.
115. A) transduction; olfaction
116. B) olfaction; gustation
117. C) gestation; olfaction
118. D) olfaction; transduction

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 149

Style: Conceptual

 

115. Women who are exposed to the male sex hormone, adrostadienone,
116. A) show no response changes.
117. B) show depressed moods.
118. C) show improved moods.
119. D) respond in ways very similar to male responses to the hormones.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 151

Style: Conceptual

 

116. Visual stimuli that are close together are usually seen as belonging together; this is called
117. A) figure-ground.
118. B) proximity.
119. C) continuity.
120. D) similarity.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 153

Style: Factual

 

117. Proximity, continuity, similarity, and closure are
118. A) monocular depth perception cues.
119. B) binocular depth perception cues.
120. C) examples of visual illusions.
121. D) Gestalt principles of perception.

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 153

Style: Factual

 

118. Objects that resemble one another are often perceived as a group. This is the perceptual principle of
119. A) similarity.
120. B) closure.
121. C) continuity.
122. D) constancy.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 153

Style: Conceptual

 

119. Perceptually, humans display a tendency to mentally complete forms and figures that are actually incomplete. This tendency is known as
120. A) contouring.
121. B) similarity.
122. C) closure.
123. D) convergence.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 153

Style: Factual

 

120. The Gestalt principle of ______ suggests that we perceive lines or patters that flow a smooth contour as being part of a single object.
121. A) figure-ground
122. B) continuity
123. C) proximity
124. D) similarity

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 153

Style: Conceptual

 

121. When looking at these letters: XXX XXX   XXX   XXX  we tend to see 4 groups of 3 X’s rather than 12 individual X’s due to the principle of
122. A) closure.
123. B) similarity.
124. C) proximity.
125. D) continuity.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 153

Style: Conceptual

 

122. Looking at a quarter in your hand casts a different image on your retina compared to looking at a quarter across the room, yet we know that the quarter is the same and retains the same dimensions. This phenomenon is known as
123. A) size constancy.
124. B) figure-ground.
125. C) the Ponzo illusion.
126. D) Gestalt closure.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 154

Style: Conceptual

 

123. The tendency for perceptions of objects to remain relatively unchanged in spite of changes in raw sensations is called
124. A) monocular constancy.
125. B) perceptual constancy.
126. C) linear perspective.
127. D) the figure-ground principle.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 154

Style: Factual

 

124. Artists use many colors to depict a single object, because they recognize the influence of light and shadow. This demonstrates an artist’s ability to capitalize on
125. A) retinal disparity.
126. B) linear perspective.
127. C) color constancy.
128. D) visual illusion.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 154

Style: Conceptual

 

125. If we see a German shepherd standing 30 feet from us, we still recognize its size even though the image on our retina is much smaller than when it is directly before us. This is primarily due to
126. A) size constancy.
127. B) shape constancy.
128. C) proximity.
129. D) figure-ground.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 154

Style: Conceptual

 

126. A door is still perceived as a rectangle even after we view it from different angles. This is due to
127. A) depth cues.
128. B) retinal disparity.
129. C) shape constancy.
130. D) linear constancy.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 155

Style: Factual

 

127. Depth perception depends on monocular and binocular cues. Monocular cues are cues
128. A) relating to single colors.
129. B) relating to single shapes.
130. C) available to one eye.
131. D) available as the two eyes interact.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 155

Style: Factual

 

128. Accommodation is to retinal disparity as
129. A) monocular cue is to binocular cue.
130. B) binocular cue is to monocular cue.
131. C) superposition is to linear perspective.
132. D) linear perspective is to superposition.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 155

Style: Conceptual

 

129. Which depth cue accounts for why parallel lines appear to grow closer together the farther away they are?
130. A) texture gradient
131. B) superposition
132. C) vertical position
133. D) linear perspective

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 155

Style: Factual

 

130. The movement of the eyes as they adjust to objects at different distances is called
131. A) monocular vision.
132. B) accommodation.
133. C) superposition.
134. D) convergence.

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 156

Style: Factual

 

131. Which of the following is a binocular cue?
132. A) texture gradient
133. B) convergence
134. C) superposition
135. D) shadowing

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 156

Style: Factual

 

132. The monocular cue of the vertical position refers to the idea that
133. A) since our eyes are separated a bit we see two different views of the world.
134. B) objects appear smaller on the retina when they are the most distant.
135. C) the farther an object appears below the horizon, the larger it appears.
136. D) the closer an object is to us the faster it appears to move.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 155

Style: Factual

 

133. With the moon illusion, the moon looks larger when it is
134. A) a quarter moon.
135. B) a full moon.
136. C) high up in the sky.
137. D) next to the horizon.

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 159

Style: Factual

 

134. What we see is not always the same as the visual information that enters our eyes. This fact can be demonstrated most dramatically by
135. A) perceptual constancies.
136. B) visual illusions.
137. C) depth perception.
138. D) retinal disparity.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 158

Style: Factual

 

135. Line illusions often take advantage of
136. A) monocular depth cues.
137. B) retinal disparity.
138. C) brightness constancy.
139. D) convergence.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 159

Style: Factual

 

136. What do the Ames room and Müller-Lyer illusion have in common?
137. A) They demonstrate a different type of depth perception.
138. B) They exhibit monocular cues to depth perception.
139. C) They demonstrate closure and continuity.
140. D) They are visual illusions.

Answer: D

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 159–160

Style: Conceptual

 

137. The moon looks bigger at the horizon than it does higher in the sky because
138. A) the beams are passing through denser air, which magnifies them.
139. B) it is a different color, which makes it look bigger.
140. C) it appears larger in comparison to trees and buildings on the horizon.
141. D) the moon’s light falls on the foveas when it is low on the horizon.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 159

Style: Conceptual

 

 

 

138. The artistic technique of painting people in the front of a scene to cover those behind is called
139. A) texture gradient.
140. B) Ponzo illusion.
141. C) superposition.
142. D) color constancy.

Answer: C

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 155

Style: Factual

 

139. In a painting, details in the front of a scene are more clear than details in the rear of the scene. This is an example of
140. A) texture gradient.
141. B) superposition.
142. C) Ponzo illusion.
143. D) color constancy.

Answer: A

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 155

Style: Conceptual

 

140. In a painting, an artist might want us to perceive that there are many people in the back of the room, even though the image of people standing in the front of the room partially covers those standing in the back. In this case, the artist is using the cue of
141. A) texture gradient.
142. B) superposition.
143. C) aerial perspective.
144. D) retinal disparity.

Answer: B

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: High

Page: 155

Style: Applied

 

True/False Questions

 

141. The process of interpreting incoming data about the world is called perception.

Answer: True

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 124

Style: Factual

 

142. Sensory receptor cells transduce stimulus energy into neural impulses.

Answer: True

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 125

Style: Factual

 

143. Transduction is the process of turning perceptions into sensations.

Answer: False

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 125

Style: Factual

 

144. The absolute threshold is the largest magnitude of a stimulus that can be detected.

Answer: False

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 125

Style: Factual

 

145. Our sensitivity to a stimulus differs from time to time due to sensory adaptation.

Answer: True

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 125

Style: Factual

 

146. In general, sensory adaptation makes your senses more responsive to stimuli.

Answer: False

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 125

Style: Factual

 

147. Weber’s law says that as the intensity of stimulation increases, changes must be bigger to be noticeable.

Answer: True

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 126

Style: Factual

 

148. The psychophysical law states that the amount of change in a stimulus to be detected half the time is usually directly proportional to the intensity of the original stimulus.

Answer: False

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 126

Style: Factual

 

149. The wavelength of light is chiefly responsible for hue or color.

Answer: True

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 129

Style: Factual

 

150. The more wavelengths that make up a color the more pure the color.

Answer: False

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 132

Style: Factual

 

151. Visual acuity is best when images are focused on the optic chiasm of the retina.

Answer: False

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 129

Style: Factual

 

152. Light coming into the eye first passes through the lens.

Answer: False

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 129

Style: Factual

 

153. The trichromatic color theory of vision has a difficult time explaining color afterimages.

Answer: True

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 132

Style: Factual

 

154. Opponent-process theory helps us understand sound localization.

Answer: False

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 133

Style: Factual

 

155. Hertz units are used to measure the frequency of sound waves.

Answer: True

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 136

Style: Factual

 

156. Sounds that register 120 decibels or more are painful to humans.

Answer: True

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 137

Style: Factual

 

157. The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are all located in the middle ear.

Answer: True

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 138

Style: Factual

 

158. The cochlea is found in the middle ear.

Answer: False

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 138

Style: Factual

 

159. The vestibular organ provides the brain with information about pain and temperature.

Answer: False

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 141

Style: Factual

 

160. Kinesthetic receptors are found in the cochlea.

Answer: False

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 141

Style: Factual

 

161. The saccule and utricle are fluid-filled sacs in the inner ear that help keep track of the body’s orientation.

Answer: True

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 141

Style: Factual

 

162. Nocioceptors are the “pain gates” referred to in the gate theory of pain.

Answer: False

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 144

Style: Factual

 

163. A phantom limb describes the phenomenon when an amputee believes that the missing limb is still there, and thinks they feel pain in that missing limb.

Answer: True

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 146

Style: Conceptual

 

164. In the Bariba culture, an individual who avoids the display of pain also displays courage.

Answer: True

Book: Lahey

Difficulty:

Page: 147

Style: Factual

 

165. The taste buds bunched together in bumps on the tongue are called organs of Corti.

Answer: False

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 149

Style: Factual

 

166. There is a taste bud classification for receptors sensitive to fattiness.

Answer: True

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 149

Style: Factual

 

167. Pheromones stimulate the release of sex hormones, ovulation, and sexual behavior.

Answer: True

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 151

Style: Factual

 

168. The principle of similarity suggests that items that are close together are perceived as belonging together.

Answer: False

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 153

Style: Factual

 

169. Continuity, convergence, and accommodation are all Gestalt principles of perceptual organization.

Answer: False

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 153 and 155

Style: Factual

 

170. We always perceive a dime as round because of size constancy.

Answer: False

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 155

Style: Factual

 

171. Because of color constancy, red in a darkly lit room is still red in a brightly lit room.

Answer: True

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 155

Style: Factual

 

172. Monocular cues to depth perception can be seen with one eye.

Answer: True

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 155

Style: Factual

 

173. Shadowing is a monocular cue for depth perception.

Answer: True

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 155

Style: Factual

 

174. The Müller-Lyer illusion involves the intersection of two differently-shaped circles.

Answer: False

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 159

Style: Factual

 

175. Hungry people are more sensitive to the taste of sweetness and saltiness compared to when they are full.

Answer: True

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Medium

Page: 162

Style: Conceptual

 

176. An artist might use linear perspective to give the powerful illusion of the depth of a room.

Answer: True

Book: Lahey

Difficulty: Low

Page: 155

Style: Conceptual