Psychology Frontiers And Applications Canadian 6th Edition By Passer - Test Bank

Psychology Frontiers And Applications Canadian 6th Edition By Passer – Test Bank

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ExamName___________________________________MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)The term ________ means quite literally, “mixing of the senses.”1)A)aphasiaB)synaesthesiaC)perceptionD)sensationAnswer:BTopic:05-01 Sensory ProcessesLO:05-01 Sensory Processes2)What is the first stage in the sensory processing of information?2)A)Specialized neurons break down and analyze the features of nerve impulses.B)A neural representation is compared with previously stored information.C)Several stimulus “pieces” are organized into a neural representation.D)Sensory stimuli activate specialized receptors.Answer:DTopic:05-01 Sensory ProcessesLO:05-01 Sensory Processes3)The final stage in the process of sensing and perceiving information occurs when________.3)A)sensory receptors translate incoming stimuli into nerve impulsesB)several stimulus “pieces” are organized into a neural representationC)the matching process results in recognition and interpretation of stimulusD)sensory stimuli activate specialized receptorsAnswer:CTopic:05-01 Sensory ProcessesLO:05-01 Sensory Processes4)According to psychologists, the stimulus-detection process in which sensory receptorstranslate external stimuli into nerve impulses is called ________.4)A)”kinesthesis”B)”perception”C)”top-down processing”D)”sensation”Answer:DTopic:05-01 Sensory ProcessesLO:05-01 Sensory Processes5)The active process of organizing a stimulus and giving it meaning is called ________.5)A)synesthesiaB)kinesthesisC)perceptionD)sensationAnswer:CTopic:05-01 Sensory ProcessesLO:05-01 Sensory Processes1
6)Which of the following examples best illustrates the process of perception?6)A)recognizing the voice of your best friendB)a drop of sugar hitting the taste buds on your tongueC)a sensory neuron in the eye responds to a light hitting itD)detecting a faint sound during a hearing testAnswer:ATopic:05-01 Sensory ProcessesLO:05-01 Sensory Processes7)The psychological term “perception” specifically refers to the process in which________.7)A)organization and meaning are given to incoming stimuliB)transduction takes placeC)the sense organs translate stimuli into nerve impulsesD)the sense organs respond to external stimuliAnswer:ATopic:05-01 Sensory ProcessesLO:05-01 Sensory Processes8)You are looking at a very blurry photograph. At first, all you can see is a vague whitecircle but after studying the picture for a few minutes, you finally see that it is a baseball.You have just moved from ________.8)A)sensation to perceptionB)perception to sensationC)perception to adaptationD)sensation to synaesthesiaAnswer:ATopic:05-01 Sensory ProcessesLO:05-01 Sensory Processes9)The area of scientific study that is concerned with people’s abilities to detect differencesor changes in stimuli is called ________.9)A)psychobiologyB)physical psychologyC)neuropsychologyD)psychophysicsAnswer:DTopic:05-01 Sensory ProcessesLO:05-01 Sensory Processes10)Ms. Kla has a mysterious condition where she perceives sounds as colours. What is thisrare condition known as?10)A)synaesthesiaB)hallucinationC)anesthesiaD)illusionAnswer:ATopic:05-01 Sensory ProcessesLO:05-01 Sensory Processes2
11)Rachel is at the art gallery admiring beautiful paintings. Her eyes are translating thestimuli of colour from paintings and converting them to neural impulses that can betranslated by her brain. This process is known as ________.11)A)perceptionB)sensationC)transductionD)stimulus translationAnswer:CTopic:05-01 Sensory ProcessesLO:05-01 Sensory Processes12)A research study finds that humans can detect a teaspoon of sugar in 7.5 litres of watergreater than 50% of the time. This result is a measure of ________.12)A)absolute threshold.B)adaptation.C)top-down processing.D)false alarm.Answer:ATopic:05-02 Stimulus Detection: The Absolute ThresholdLO:05-01 Sensory Processes13)With regard to specific meanings of the terms “sensation” and “perception,” studies ofsubliminal stimuli have revealed that subliminal stimuli are ________.13)A)perceived but not sensedB)neither sensed nor perceivedC)sensed but not perceivedD)both sensed and perceivedAnswer:CTopic:05-02 Stimulus Detection: The Absolute ThresholdLO:05-01 Sensory Processes14)In the late 1950s, James Vicary, a public-relations executive, arranged to have subliminalmessages flashed on a theatre screen during a movie. The messages urged the audienceto “drink Coca-Cola” and “eat popcorn.” Vicary’s report that the subliminal messagesincreased popcorn sales by 50 percent and soft-drink sales by 18 percent was ________.14)A)subsequently replicated by researchersB)later revealed to be a fraud when Vicary confessed he had made it all upC)the basis for new mind control and brainwashing techniquesD)the stimulus for more stringent truth in advertising lawsAnswer:BTopic:05-02 Stimulus Detection: The Absolute ThresholdLO:05-01 Sensory Processes15)During a lecture, John is whispering to Jill as softly as he can. Jill can hear him only halfof the time; John’s whispers are at Jill’s ________ threshold.15)A)differenceB)sensoryC)perceptualD)absoluteAnswer:DTopic:05-02 Stimulus Detection: The Absolute ThresholdLO:05-01 Sensory Processes3
16)You are riding in a car with a friend who is driving a few miles an hour over the speedlimit and he is watching intently for police cars. Your friend got a ticket last week, soevery time he sees a car that looks remotely like a police car, he slows down. Because ofhis over-vigilance, he has slowed down several times for what turned out not to be policecars. Your friend’s attempts to notice police cars would have the most relevance to whichof the following?16)A)Gestalt psychologyB)bottom-up processingC)sensationD)signal detection theoryAnswer:DTopic:05-03 Signal Detection TheoryLO:05-01 Sensory Processes17)In a signal detection experiment, a researcher decides to punish incorrect detections ormistakes but does not reward correct detections. The researcher’s manipulations wouldmost likely illustrate how ________.17)A)decision criteria can influence participant factorsB)participant factors can influence decision criteriaC)situational factors can influence decision criteriaD)participant factors can influence situational factorsAnswer:CTopic:05-03 Signal Detection TheoryLO:05-01 Sensory Processes18)A participant in a signal detection study has the tendency to be bold in her decisionsregarding the presence of a target stimulus. As a result, she has more hits, but she alsohas more false alarms. This example demonstrates how ________.18)A)participant characteristics can affect situational factorsB)situational factors can affect participant characteristicsC)participant characteristics can affect decision criterionD)situational factors can affect decision criterionAnswer:CTopic:05-03 Signal Detection TheoryLO:05-01 Sensory Processes19)Adam and Marcus are hunting when they suddenly see a vague shape in the underbrush.”There’s a deer,” whispers Marcus, raising his rifle to fire. “Don’t shoot,” whispersAdam. “I’m not sure it is.” From a signal detection standpoint, Adam has a more________ decision criterion and wants to avoid a ________.19)A)liberal; hitB)optimistic; missC)conservative; hitD)conservative; false alarmAnswer:DTopic:05-03 Signal Detection TheoryLO:05-01 Sensory Processes4
20)Which of the following is TRUE about subliminal stimuli, they can?20)A)control consumer behaviour.B)be registered by the nervous system and they can influence attitudes.C)be used for brainwashing and mind control.D)not affect a person’s perceptions, judgements, and attitudes.Answer:BTopic:05-04 The Difference ThresholdLO:05-01 Sensory Processes21)Todorov & Bargh (2002) demonstrated that subliminal presentations of aggressivelytoned words cause people to judge the ambiguous behaviours of others:21)A)as more fearful and anxious and to increase their own fear responses.B)as defensive and irrational.C)as more aggressive and to increase their own tendency to behave more aggressively.D)no differently than the condition with no subliminal presentations.Answer:CTopic:05-04 The Difference ThresholdLO:05-01 Sensory Processes22)The smallest difference between two stimuli that can be detected is called the ________threshold.22)A)changeB)absoluteC)relativeD)differenceAnswer:DTopic:05-04 The Difference ThresholdLO:05-01 Sensory Processes23)You know a pair of identical twins that are so similar to each other that you can correctlyidentify each twin only about 50% of the time. Your ability to distinguish the twins ismost analogous to ________.23)A)the absolute thresholdB)the difference thresholdC)a perceptual constancyD)top-down processingAnswer:BTopic:05-04 The Difference ThresholdLO:05-01 Sensory Processes24)Absolute threshold is to difference threshold as ________.24)A)smallest amount is to smallest changeB)bottom-up processing is to top-down processingC)perception is to transductionD)adaptation is to habituationAnswer:ATopic:05-02 Stimulus Detection: The Absolute Threshold; 05-04 The Difference ThresholdLO:05-01 Sensory Processes5
25)The difference threshold is often referred to as ________.25)A)boundary thresholdB)absolute thresholdC)just noticeable differenceD)apparent differenceAnswer:CTopic:05-04 The Difference ThresholdLO:05-01 Sensory Processes26)Weber’s law states that the difference threshold is directly proportional to the ________of the stimulus with which a comparison is being made.26)A)sensationB)absolute thresholdC)magnitudeD)perceptionAnswer:CTopic:05-04 The Difference ThresholdLO:05-01 Sensory Processes27)Weber’s law suggests that the just noticeable difference (jnd) is related to the ________of the comparison stimulus.27)A)number of presentationsB)intensityC)adaptationD)durationAnswer:BTopic:05-04 The Difference ThresholdLO:05-01 Sensory Processes28)One of the primary advantages of Weber fractions is that they ________.28)A)provide a good estimate of the absolute thresholdB)permit the easy manipulation of decision criteriaC)minimize the problems associated with false alarmsD)allow for sensitivity comparisons between the different sensesAnswer:DTopic:05-04 The Difference ThresholdLO:05-01 Sensory Processes29)It is easy to tell the difference between one pound of sand and five pounds of sand. It ismore difficult to tell the differences between 500 pounds of sand and 505 pounds ofsand. This comparison is consistent with ________ law.29)A)Bayes’B)physicalC)Wundt’sD)Weber’sAnswer:DTopic:05-04 The Difference ThresholdLO:05-01 Sensory Processes30)How much should the just noticeable difference (jnd) be in order for Anita to tell thedifference between a weight of 100 grams and a second weight?30)A)10 gramsB)12 gramsC)5 gramsD)2 gramsAnswer:DTopic:05-04 The Difference ThresholdLO:05-01 Sensory Processes6
TRUE/FALSE. Write ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if the statement is false.31)Research on the impact of subliminal stimuli has shown that they have strong effects onbehaviour and attitudes.31)Answer:TrueFalseTopic:05-04 The Difference ThresholdLO:05-01 Sensory ProcessesMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.32)Sensory adaptation is the ________.32)A)diminishing sensitivity to decreasing stimuliB)increasing sensitivity to unchanging stimuliC)increasing sensitivity to decreasing stimuliD)diminishing sensitivity to unchanging stimuliAnswer:DTopic:05-05 Sensory AdaptationLO:05-01 Sensory Processes33)Adaptation is often referred to as ________.33)A)signal detectionB)habituationC)consolidationD)selectivity biasAnswer:BTopic:05-05 Sensory AdaptationLO:05-01 Sensory Processes34)Based on the principles of sensory adaptation, which of the following would you expectto experience after being in a (somewhat) cold pool for several minutes?34)A)You will notice the temperature less and less.B)It will feel warmer and warmer.C)You will become more sensitive to other stimuli.D)It will feel colder and colder.Answer:ATopic:05-05 Sensory AdaptationLO:05-01 Sensory Processes35)The process of sensory adaptation implies that the human nervous system is mostsensitive to ________ stimuli.35)A)changingB)threateningC)subliminalD)constantAnswer:ATopic:05-05 Sensory AdaptationLO:05-01 Sensory Processes7
36)Which of the following would be a benefit of sensory adaptation?36)A)reducing one’s overall sensitivityB)eliminating mundane stimuli and identifying important changes in the environmentC)reducing awareness and differences in stimuliD)adapting to changing and unfamiliar stimuliAnswer:BTopic:05-05 Sensory AdaptationLO:05-01 Sensory Processes37)Kris cringes when he has a sip of an overly sweet coffee. After a few sips he doesn’t findthe coffee too sweet. What phenomenon is Kris experiencing?37)A)sensory acculturationB)sensory adaptationC)sensory delayD)sensory trickingAnswer:BTopic:05-05 Sensory AdaptationLO:05-01 Sensory Processes38)The normal stimulus for our sense of vision is ________.38)A)airborne chemicalsB)infrared radiationC)air wavesD)electromagnetic energyAnswer:DTopic:05-06 The Sensory SystemsLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems39)The iris ________.39)A)detects black and white lightB)is a muscleC)focuses light on the retinaD)detects colour lightAnswer:BTopic:05-06 The Sensory SystemsLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems40)In the human eye, light is focused on the back of the retina by the ________.40)A)irisB)lensC)pupilD)corneaAnswer:BTopic:05-06 The Sensory SystemsLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems41)Whether you are nearsighted or farsighted is largely dependent on the ability of your________ to focus the image directly onto the retina.41)A)corneaB)lensC)retinaD)pupilAnswer:BTopic:05-06 The Sensory SystemsLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems8
42)In the eyes, the colour receptors and function best in bright illumination are ________.42)A)conesB)rodsC)pinsD)barsAnswer:ATopic:05-06 The Sensory SystemsLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems43)While conducting research in Africa, a scientist discovers a new species that is onlyactive at night. We would expect this animal’s light receptors to consist mostly of________.43)A)rodsB)barsC)both rods and conesD)conesAnswer:ATopic:05-06 The Sensory SystemsLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems44)One interesting feature of the retina is that ________.44)A)there are many more cones than rodsB)there are roughly equal numbers of rods and ganglion cellsC)the transduction of light actually occurs after the nerve impulses have left the retinaD)the photoreceptors actually point away from the direction of light entering the eyeAnswer:DTopic:05-06 The Sensory SystemsLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems45)The theory that assumes there are three types of colour receptors in the retina and thatindividual cones are most sensitive to one of the three wavelengths of light is called________.45)A)Opponent-process theoryB)Transduction theoryC)Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theoryD)Hering’s theoryAnswer:CTopic:05-06 The Sensory SystemsLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems46)According to the opponent-process theory of colour, if you stare steadily at a greenstimulus, and then you close your eyes, the afterimage will be ________.46)A)blueB)redC)greenD)whiteAnswer:BTopic:05-06 The Sensory SystemsLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems9
47)Recent research on colour transduction has indicated that the opponent-process theory ofcolour was inaccurate because opponent processes are actually determined NOT by thecones but by the ________.47)A)rodsB)bipolar cellsC)neurons in the occipital lobeD)ganglion cellsAnswer:DTopic:05-06 The Sensory SystemsLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems48)Within the primary visual cortex there are feature detectors for responding ONLY to________.48)A)motionB)colourC)form (i.e., lines)D)form (lines), motion, and colourAnswer:DTopic:05-06 The Sensory SystemsLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems49)Rodney wears correction glasses while driving as he cannot clearly see objects at adistance. Rodney’s condition is known as ________.49)A)myopiaB)astigmatismC)hyperopiaD)presbyopiaAnswer:ATopic:05-06 The Sensory SystemsLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems50)Entering a dark theatre from the bright outdoors, Pam stumbles as she cannot seeanything. Gradually she is able to see everything in the theatre’s dim light. Herimprovement in brightness sensitivity is known as ________.50)A)dark adaptationB)brightness adaptationC)perceptual adaptationD)light adaptationAnswer:ATopic:05-06 The Sensory SystemsLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems51)Ana is very excited when she meets her childhood friend after many years. Herrecognition of the friend from several years ago is facilitated by information from the________.51)A)primary cortexB)visual association cortexC)visual motor cortexD)visual sensory cortexAnswer:BTopic:05-06 The Sensory SystemsLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems10
52)The size of the ________ regulates the amount of light that enters the eye.52)A)retinaB)optic nerveC)scleraD)pupilAnswer:DTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems53)The visual receptors in the eyes function best in dim lighting and are primarilyblack-and-white brightness receptors. These are called ________.53)A)conesB)rodsC)foveaD)ganglion cellsAnswer:BTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems54)When attempting to locate a constellation in the night sky, Sally notices that she can seethe stars better if she doesn’t look directly at them. In doing this, the light from the starshe wishes to see falls away from the fovea to the part of the retina that has a higherconcentration of ________, which are better adapted to seeing at night.54)A)conesB)rodsC)barsD)pinsAnswer:BTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems55)Once a light stimulus has been detected by the rods or cones, it is passed first to________ cells.55)A)hairB)opticC)bipolarD)ganglionAnswer:CTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems56)Once a light stimulus has been detected by the rods or cones, it is passed first to thebipolar cells, and then onto ________ cells whose axons form the optic nerve.56)A)bipolarB)corneaC)hairD)ganglionAnswer:DTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems57)Which of the following is true about the blind spot, it is?57)A)usually “filled-in” by photopigments.B)not experienced by individuals with great visual acuity.C)caused by bipolar cells exiting through the back of the eye.D)caused by ganglion cells exiting the eye not far from the fovea, and it is usually”filled-in” by perceptual processes.Answer:DTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems11
58)Cones have less brightness sensitivity than rods in all areas of the colour spectrumEXCEPT the ________ end, where rods are relatively insensitive.58)A)yellowB)greenC)redD)blueAnswer:CTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems59)The initial stage of dark adaptation curve (e.g., the first 5 minutes) is controlled by the________, whereas the second or later part of the darkness adaptation curve (e.g., after 5minutes) is determined specifically by the functioning of the ________.59)A)cones; rodsB)rods; conesC)ganglion cells; conesD)pupil; rodsAnswer:ATopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems60)The Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory of colour vision is LEAST able to explainwhich of the following human ability?60)A)to detect a subliminal imageB)to see the colour blueC)to see an afterimageD)to see the colour redAnswer:CTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems61)Afterimages are NOT adequately explained by the trichromatic theory of colour; they canbe readily explained by ________ theory.61)A)single detectionB)transductionC)dual-processD)opponent-processAnswer:DTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems62)The dual-process theory of colour combines the elements of the ________ theory and the________ theory to account for the colour transduction process.62)A)trichromatic; Young-HelmholtzB)afterimage; colour blindnessC)additive colour mixture; trichromaticD)trichromatic; opponent-processAnswer:DTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems12
63)The current theory on colour transduction explains the behaviour of the cones in colourvision as the ________ theory.63)A)trichromaticB)dual-processC)opponent-processD)reconstructionAnswer:ATopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems64)The theory that emphasizes the role of ganglion cells in afterimages and explains certaintypes of colour blindness is a modified version of the ________ theory.64)A)opponent-processB)dual-processC)additive colour mixtureD)trichromaticAnswer:ATopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems65)A person with normal colour vision is referred to as a:65)A)trichromat.B)monochromat.C)bichromat.D)dichromat.Answer:ATopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems66)A person with a deficiency in only one of the colour systems, such as red-green, wouldbe considered a ________, whereas someone who is colour-blind in both of the coloursystems is labelled a ________.66)A)dichromat; monochromatB)monochromat; trichromatC)dichromat; trichromatD)monochromat; dichromatAnswer:ATopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems67)Once light stimulates receptor cells in the retina, nerve impulses are sent to the sensoryswitchboard known as the ________.67)A)ponsB)hypothalamusC)thalamusD)inferior colliculusAnswer:CTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems13
68)A friend holds up an object in front of you and you immediately identify it as a cellulartelephone. Which of the following is most responsible for your ability to do this?68)A)visual association cortexB)ganglion cellsC)primary visual cortexD)photoreceptorsAnswer:ATopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems69)Stimuli for hearing are ________.69)A)electromagnetic energyB)thermal energyC)chemical energyD)mechanical energyAnswer:DTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems70)Two important physical characteristics of sound waves are:70)A)frequency and hertz.B)amplitude and decibels.C)frequency and pitch.D)amplitude and frequency.Answer:DTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems71)Which of these is measured in cycles per second and translates into the auditory qualityof pitch?71)A)FrequencyB)LoudnessC)DecibelsD)AmplitudeAnswer:ATopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems72)Frequency determines the ________ of a sound, whereas amplitude determines the________ of a sound.72)A)pitch; loudnessB)loudness; pitchC)loudness; decibelsD)hertz; pitchAnswer:ATopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems73)In general, men’s voice should contain sound waves with ________ frequency as/thanwomen’s voice.73)A)the sameB)a higherC)shorter consistentD)a lowerAnswer:DTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems14
74)One hertz (Hz) is equivalent to ________ cycle(s) per second.74)A)100B)1000C)10D)1Answer:DTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems75)Which of the following is the first structure in the auditory system that is hit by soundwaves?75)A)EardrumB)CochleaC)Oval windowD)OssiclesAnswer:ATopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems76)The middle earNconsisting of the hammer, anvil, and stirrupNis responsible for whichof the following?76)A)muffling loud soundsB)sending impulses via an auditory relay station in the thalamusC)striking the eardrumD)amplifying soundsAnswer:DTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems77)Which of the following happens when hair cells bend?77)A)They alert the brain to the presence of feature-detector neurons.B)They cause fluid in cochlea to make waves.C)Neurotransmitters are released.D)They amplify sound more than 30 times.Answer:CTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems78)In the processing of sound, hair cells on organ of Corti are important because ________.78)A)they act as feature detectors, and respond to the different aspects of soundB)their motion results in the transduction of sound wavesC)they perform the complex interpretation and analysis of sound wavesD)their motion serves to amplify the strength of the sound wavesAnswer:BTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems15
79)The theory of pitch perception that argues that the nerve impulses triggered by a givenauditory stimulus should match the pitch of that stimulus is called ________ theory.79)A)trichromaticB)frequencyC)placeD)opponent-processAnswer:BTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems80)The typical neuron can’t fire faster than 1,000 cycles per second. This fact is mostrelevant to the limitations of which of the following?80)A)the opponent-process theoryB)sound localizationC)the frequency theory of pitch perceptionD)sensory adaptationAnswer:CTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems81)Bob suffered some nerve damage to his inner ear because he attended too many loudconcerts without ear protection. In particular, a small collection of hair cells that arefarthest from the oval window has died. Given what you know about the nature ofhearing, which of the following is most likely to happen? Bob will ________.81)A)have great difficulty hearing both low and high frequency soundsB)be completely deafC)have great difficulty hearing low frequency sounds but he will have no problemwith other frequenciesD)have great difficulty hearing high frequency sounds but he will have no problemwith other frequenciesAnswer:CTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems82)Peter, my pet dog, pricks his ears immediately and looks in the direction where I drop aball. His ability to locate the source of sound is also called ________.82)A)echolocationB)sound locationC)pitch localizationD)sound localizationAnswer:DTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems16
83)Mr. Sanders is deaf, and a hearing aid cannot help him. What kind of deafness does Mr.Sanders have?83)A)conduction deafnessB)mixed hearing lossC)nerve deafnessD)partial deafnessAnswer:CTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory SystemsTRUE/FALSE. Write ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if the statement is false.84)In the fovea, there are significantly more rods than cones.84)Answer:TrueFalseTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems85)Sound localization is made possible by how the nervous system processes the time andintensity differences of sounds detected by the two ears.85)Answer:TrueFalseTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems86)Damage to the hair cells in the inner ear results in conduction deafness.86)Answer:TrueFalseTopic:05-07 AuditionLO:05-02 The Sensory SystemsMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.87)The two senses that are so associated with one another that they have sometimes beenreferred to as the “common chemical sense” are ________.87)A)hearing and olfactionB)gustation and olfactionC)vision and hearingD)kinesthesis and visionAnswer:BTopic:05-08 Taste and Smell: The Chemical SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems88)Compared to sensory receptors in the eyes and ears, the senses of gustation and olfactionare somewhat unique in that their receptors are sensitive to ________ rather than to________.88)A)light; soundsB)sounds; some form of energyC)some form of energy; chemical moleculesD)chemical molecules; some form of energyAnswer:DTopic:05-08 Taste and Smell: The Chemical SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems17
89)The chemical receptors concentrated along the edges and back surface of the tongue arecalled ________.89)A)taste budsB)microscopic ossiclesC)olfactory epitheliaD)mandular epitheliaAnswer:ATopic:05-08 Taste and Smell: The Chemical SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems90)Underscoring the adaptive importance of gustation, nutrients are to ________ as toxinsare to ________.90)A)bitterness; sweetnessB)roughness; smoothnessC)sweetness; bitternessD)smoothness; roughnessAnswer:CTopic:05-08 Taste and Smell: The Chemical SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems91)When olfactory receptors are triggered by the presence of a chemical, they send signalsfirst to the ________.91)A)olfactory bulbB)occipital lobeC)basal gangliaD)ponsAnswer:ATopic:05-08 Taste and Smell: The Chemical SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems92)Research suggests that menstrual synchrony is likely caused by ________.92)A)pheromonesB)a placebo effectC)emotional reactionsD)physical exhaustionAnswer:ATopic:05-08 Taste and Smell: The Chemical SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems93)Cliff enjoys eating at his favourite restaurant that seasons dishes with monosodiumglutamate giving food a ________ taste sensation.93)A)tangyB)savouryC)umamiD)spicyAnswer:CTopic:05-08 Taste and Smell: The Chemical SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems94)The tactile information regarding pressure, pain, and warmth are sent to and processed inthe ________.94)A)frontal lobeB)somatosensory cortexC)motor cortexD)occipital lobeAnswer:BTopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems18
95)Pain receptors are found throughout ________.95)A)the skin, but not other organsB)most structures in the body, but not the brainC)the brainD)every structure in the bodyAnswer:BTopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems96)Signals from pain receptors are sent to the ________ and then on to other areas of thecortex.96)A)thalamusB)temporal lobeC)hypothalamusD)pineal glandAnswer:ATopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems97)Pain has ________ components.97)A)emotionalB)both sensory and emotionalC)three types of sensoryD)sensoryAnswer:BTopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems98)Suffering occurs when there is ________.98)A)sensory painB)both sensory pain and emotional painC)extreme sensory painD)emotional painAnswer:BTopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems99)The theory that proposes that the experience of pain results from the opening and closingof mechanisms in the nervous system is called ________ theory.99)A)pain thresholdB)gate controlC)pain transferD)sufferingAnswer:BTopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems19
100)Which of the following is an explanation for the psychological component in theexperience of pain?100)A)The peripheral control mechanism has an effect through both ascending anddescending nerve fibres in the spinal cord.B)The central control mechanism has an effect through descending nerve fibres in thespinal cord.C)The central control mechanism has an effect through undefined neural mechanisms.D)The central control mechanism has an effect through ascending nerve fibres in thespinal cord.Answer:BTopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems101)The nervous system has its own built-in painkillers with opiate-like properties, called________.101)A)catecholaminesB)endorphinsC)opiatesD)GABAAnswer:BTopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems102)Endorphins exert some of their pain-killing effects by inhibiting the release of ________involved in the sympathetic transmission of pain impulses from the spinal cord to thebrain.102)A)opiatesB)cytokinesC)pain substancesD)neurotransmittersAnswer:DTopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems103)Brain scans have revealed that the endorphin activity is NOT a response to pain in the________.103)A)amygdalaB)frontal lobeC)sensory area of the cortexD)thalamusAnswer:BTopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems104)The drug naloxone counteracts the activity of which of the following?104)A)serotoninB)endorphinsC)acetylcholineD)catecholaminesAnswer:BTopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems20
105)A procedure results in pain relief without the use of naloxone, but the procedure isineffective when naloxone is present, then we have direct evidence that ________ maybe responsible for the reduction in pain.105)A)a placebo effectB)sensory adaptationC)an experimenter expectancy effectD)endorphinsAnswer:DTopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems106)Research using the drug ________ has found that the pain-reducing effects ofacupuncture ________ due to the effect of endorphins.106)A)morphine; areB)naloxone; areC)naloxone; are notD)morphine; are notAnswer:BTopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems107)The sense that provides feedback about muscle/joint position and movement is the________ sense.107)A)olfactoryB)kinestheticC)vestibularD)tactileAnswer:BTopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems108)The sense that provides feedback about body orientation and equilibrium is the________ sense.108)A)kinestheticB)gustatoryC)tactileD)vestibularAnswer:DTopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems109)The kinesthetic sense operates based on the receptors in the ________.109)A)musclesB)skinC)inner earD)retinaAnswer:ATopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems110)The vestibular sense operates based on the receptors in:110)A)muscles.B)muscles, tendons, and joints.C)semicircular canals and vestibular sacs.D)the somatosensory cortex.Answer:CTopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems21
111)Imagine that you are dribbling a basketball. Neural messages provided by your muscles,tendons, and joints give your brain feedback about the movements you are making inorder to allow you to continue bouncing the ball. This feedback is an example of your________ sense.111)A)kinestheticB)gustatoryC)vestibularD)olfactoryAnswer:ATopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems112)Which of the following senses would be most essential to a circus performer walkingacross a tightrope?112)A)visual senseB)tactile senseC)auditory senseD)vestibular senseAnswer:DTopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems113)Researchers have made use of all the following when developing sensory prostheticdevices for blind individuals, EXCEPT ________.113)A)bouncing high frequency sound waves off objects and playing the feedback throughheadphonesB)inserting tiny electrodes into the retinaC)stimulating the visual cortex with an electrode arrayD)stimulating the tongue with an electrode arrayAnswer:ATopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems114)Whenever Annie’s arthritis pain starts, she listens to soft music to divert her mind frompain sensations. This supports the ________ theory of pain.114)A)gate open theoryB)gate guard theoryC)gate control theoryD)gate close theoryAnswer:CTopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems115)Rita controls herself from slipping on black ice because of information on bodily balancefrom her ________.115)A)semicircular canalsB)spinal cordC)limbsD)cochleaAnswer:ATopic:05-09 The Skin and Body SensesLO:05-02 The Sensory Systems22
116)The sensory system takes in individual elements of the stimulus and then combines theminto a unified perception in ________ processing.116)A)bottom-upB)top-downC)horizontalD)verticalAnswer:ATopic:05-10 Perception: The Creation of ExperienceLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of Experience117)Sensory information is interpreted in light of existing knowledge, concepts, andexpectations in ________ processing.117)A)horizontalB)bottom-upC)top-downD)verticalAnswer:CTopic:05-10 Perception: The Creation of ExperienceLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of Experience118)A little boy is putting together a jigsaw puzzle. Only after putting all the pieces in placeis he able to see that the puzzle is a picture of a dog. This example best illustrates whichconcept?118)A)transductionB)figure-ground relationsC)sensory adaptationD)bottom-up processingAnswer:DTopic:05-10 Perception: The Creation of ExperienceLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of Experience119)You are reading a photocopy of an article. The last few words on the right side of thepage didn’t copy well and are blurry. If these blurry words are the last words of asentence, you can decipher them more easily than if they are the first words of asentence. This difference in comprehension is most likely a result of ________.119)A)enhanced feature detectionB)bottom-up processingC)the Gestalt law of proximityD)top-down processingAnswer:DTopic:05-10 Perception: The Creation of ExperienceLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of Experience120)Perceptual experiments of shadowing have demonstrated that we ________.120)A)are not very good at shifting our focus between stimuliB)can focus on multiple stimuliC)can focus completely on two stimuli if they are very similarD)can shift our attention back and forth between stimuli very rapidlyAnswer:DTopic:05-11 Perception Is Selective: The Role of AttentionLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of Experience23
121)Inattentional blindness refers to ________.121)A)the failure of a stimulus to be perceived because the light from the stimulus falls onthe blind spot of the retinaB)the failure of unattended stimuli to register in consciousnessC)the inability to pay attention to more than two stimuli at a timeD)purposely not paying attention to unpleasant stimuliAnswer:BTopic:05-11 Perception Is Selective: The Role of AttentionLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of Experience122)In general, which of the following is most likely to receive your selective attention? Yourinstructor ________.122)A)smiling and frowning at youB)frowning at youC)smiling at youD)looking blankAnswer:BTopic:05-11 Perception Is Selective: The Role of AttentionLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of Experience123)Brad is waiting outside his college to be picked up by his father. As he looks out for hisfather’s car, he has no recollection of the other cars that drive past him. His failure torecall all other cars is due to ________.123)A)inattentional blindnessB)inattentional deficitC)attentional blindnessD)attentional deficitAnswer:ATopic:05-11 Perception Is Selective: The Role of AttentionLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of Experience124)In general, Gestalt theorists were proponents of ________ processing principles.124)A)bottom-upB)inattentionalC)top-downD)attentionalAnswer:CTopic:05-12 Perceptions Have Organization and StructureLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of Experience125)The reason why we perceive different groupings of vegetables in the grocery store (e.g.,tomatoes and carrots), even though some of them are close together can be explained bythe Gestalt law of ________.125)A)closureB)proximityC)continuityD)similarityAnswer:DTopic:05-12 Perceptions Have Organization and StructureLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of Experience24
126)The reason why individual lines of camouflaged clothing would be connected to andperceived as part of a forest background would be explained by the Gestalt law of________.126)A)similarityB)continuityC)proximityD)closureAnswer:BTopic:05-12 Perceptions Have Organization and StructureLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of Experience127)Ron is a spectator at a soccer game. Using the colour of their uniforms as a guide, heeffortlessly perceives the players on the field as two distinct teams instead of a largegroup of individuals. This example best illustrates which of the following concepts?127)A)Gestalt law of similarityB)figure-ground relationsC)perceptual constancyD)interpositionAnswer:ATopic:05-12 Perceptions Have Organization and StructureLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of Experience128)When dividing the class into groups, the professor assigns the same group to studentswhose desks are in the same row. The professor is using the law of ________ inassigning groups.128)A)similarityB)closureC)proximityD)continuityAnswer:CTopic:05-12 Perceptions Have Organization and StructureLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of ExperienceTRUE/FALSE. Write ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if the statement is false.129)The Gestalt law of continuity would be considered an example of top-down processing.129)Answer:TrueFalseTopic:05-12 Perceptions Have Organization and StructureLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of Experience130)The Gestalt law of proximity asserts that we perceive objects that look similar as beingtogether.130)Answer:TrueFalseTopic:05-12 Perceptions Have Organization and StructureLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of ExperienceMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.131)The recognition of an incoming stimulus is facilitated by the presence of ________,which is a mental representation or image that we compare the stimulus to.131)A)a perceptual schemaB)a perceptual constancyC)bottom-up processingD)sensory adaptationAnswer:ATopic:05-13 Perception Involves Hypothesis TestingLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of Experience25
132)Think of the psychology professor who is teaching this class. Does this person seem likea typical college professor to you? In answering this question, you are most likelymaking use of ________.132)A)the Gestalt law of similarityB)bottom-up processingC)a perceptual schema of the typical college professorD)a perceptual constancy of the typical college professorAnswer:CTopic:05-13 Perception Involves Hypothesis TestingLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of Experience133)Psychologists who study perception think that each of our perceptions is like ahypothesis that is tested by comparing an incoming stimulus to a pre-existing ________.133)A)social perceptionB)perceptual constancyC)bottom up processingD)perceptual schemaAnswer:DTopic:05-13 Perception Involves Hypothesis TestingLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of ExperienceTRUE/FALSE. Write ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if the statement is false.134)Perception has been likened to the process of creating a hypothesis, and perceptual setsare the representations or images that we make use of to test our perceptual hypotheses.134)Answer:TrueFalseTopic:05-13 Perception Involves Hypothesis TestingLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of ExperienceMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.135)You walk into your apartment and immediately notice that your roommate has left dishesin the sink, but you fail to notice that she has vacuumed and dusted. Your perceptionswere likely guided by a perceptual ________ for your generally sloppy roommate.135)A)setB)schemaC)expectationD)constancyAnswer:ATopic:05-14 Perception Is Influenced by Expectations: Perceptual SetsLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of Experience136)Valerie is amazingly quick to interpret others’ behaviours as indicating that they do notthink highly of her. Valerie’s tendency is most strongly related to which of the following?136)A)bottom-up processingB)a perceptual setC)synesthesiaD)subliminal perceptionAnswer:BTopic:05-14 Perception Is Influenced by Expectations: Perceptual SetsLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of Experience26
137)Which concept specifically allows us to recognize familiar stimuli under varyingconditions and in different contexts?137)A)Perceptual continuitiesB)The Gestalt laws of perceptual organizationC)Perceptual constanciesD)Sensory adaptationsAnswer:CTopic:05-15 Stimuli Are Recognizable under Changing Conditions: Perceptual ConstanciesLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of Experience138)If a very large football player is standing on the other side of a football field, he will onlybe projected onto a small area of your retina. Indeed, it will be much smaller than thearea projected by the elementary school-aged child standing next to you. Yet youperceive the football player to be taller than the child because of ________.138)A)shape constancyB)binocular cuesC)perceptual organizationD)size constancyAnswer:DTopic:05-15 Stimuli Are Recognizable under Changing Conditions: Perceptual ConstanciesLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of Experience139)Despite her closet being dark, Reena is able to find the correct shade of the shirt she islooking for because of ________ constancy.139)A)shapeB)perceptualC)brightnessD)sizeAnswer:CTopic:05-15 Stimuli Are Recognizable under Changing Conditions: Perceptual ConstanciesLO:05-03 Perception: The Creation of Experience140)As you drive down the highway you notice the highway signs move by relatively fastcompared to the mountains. Therefore you know that the signs are closer than themountains as a result of ________.140)A)linear perspectiveB)motion parallaxC)convergenceD)height in the horizontal planeAnswer:BTopic:05-17 Depth and Distance PerceptionLO:05-04 The Difference Threshold141)If you know that two objects have the exact same physical dimensions and you noticethat one of them appears to be smaller, you perceive the smaller one as being ________and you are using the monocular depth cue of ________ to make this decision.141)A)closer; textureB)closer; clarityC)farther away; height in the horizontal planeD)farther away; relative sizeAnswer:DTopic:05-17 Depth and Distance PerceptionLO:05-04 The Difference Threshold27
142)As your eyes focus on an object that is close to you, your eyes turn inward producingmuscular feedback. This feedback produces the binocular depth cue called ________.142)A)visual accommodationB)perceptual constancyC)convergenceD)binocular disparityAnswer:CTopic:05-17 Depth and Distance PerceptionLO:05-04 The Difference Threshold143)Annie draws fully the tree closest to her, and the ones behind it are drawn partiallyhidden. Annie is using the monocular depth cue of ________.143)A)lightB)interpositionC)linear perspectiveD)shadowAnswer:BTopic:05-17 Depth and Distance PerceptionLO:05-04 The Difference Threshold144)A movie theatre decides to build a new marquee sign to attract attention. The hundredsof light bulbs on the sign are timed to go on and off in sequence, thus giving a perceptionof:144)A)motion parallax.B)stroboscopic movement.C)binocular disparity.D)convergence.Answer:BTopic:05-18 Perception of MovementLO:05-04 The Difference Threshold145)You are watching a Kung Fu movie at the local theatre. You perceive this not as a seriesof still photographs passing by but as real human movement. The fact that you perceivethe movie this way is most related to which of the following?145)A)sensory adaptation.B)stroboscopic movement.C)perceptual sets.D)perceptual constancies.Answer:BTopic:05-18 Perception of MovementLO:05-04 The Difference Threshold146)According to the text, visual illusions can be viewed as examples of:146)A)incorrect perceptual hypotheses.B)the Gestalt laws of perceptual organization.C)bottom-up processing.D)sensory habituation.Answer:ATopic:05-19 Illusions: False Perceptual HypothesesLO:05-05 Illusions: False Perceptual Hypotheses28
147)Most of the visual illusions can be attributed to ________ that ordinarily help us toperceive the world accurately.147)A)sensory adaptationsB)neurotransmittersC)photopigmentsD)perceptual constanciesAnswer:DTopic:05-19 Illusions: False Perceptual HypothesesLO:05-05 Illusions: False Perceptual Hypotheses148)Rodney perceives two similar lines as dissimilar because of the context in which they arepresented. Rodney is experiencing a(n) ________.148)A)extrasensory perceptionB)illusionC)perceptual inconsistencyD)perceptual biasAnswer:BTopic:05-19 Illusions: False Perceptual HypothesesLO:05-05 Illusions: False Perceptual Hypotheses149)When shown a picture of a hunting scene, African people perceived a hunter asattempting to kill a baby elephant, whereas Westerners tended to perceive that the hunterwas after another animal and thought that the “baby elephant” was actually an adultelephant in the distance. These results were presented as an example of how the use of________ depth cues ________ consistent across cultures.149)A)monocular; areB)binocular; areC)monocular; are notD)binocular; are notAnswer:CTopic:05-21 Cross-Cultural Research on PerceptionLO:05-05 Illusions: False Perceptual Hypotheses150)One study found that when presented with a picture of a group of people in a house,North American and European participants perceived an object as being a windowbehind a woman, whereas East Africans interpreted the same object as a box or basket ontop of the woman’s head. This study best illustrates:150)A)the Gestalt law of continuity.B)the effect of biology on sensation.C)the effect of cultural experiences on picture perception.D)a conflict between shape constancy and size constancy.Answer:CTopic:05-21 Cross-Cultural Research on PerceptionLO:05-05 Illusions: False Perceptual Hypotheses29
151)When vision is restored to adults who have been blind for their entire lives, they typically________. Examples such as this best demonstrate the ________.151)A)never fully adjust to the visual world; flexibility of the nervous systemB)are able to develop perfectly normal vision within 9 months; importance of criticalperiodsC)are able to develop perfectly normal vision within 9 months; flexibility of thenervous systemD)never fully adjust to the visual world; importance of critical periodsAnswer:DTopic:05-22 Restored Sensory CapacityLO:05-05 Illusions: False Perceptual Hypotheses152)In order for perceptual abilities to develop, specific ________ during critical periods.152)A)neurotransmitters must be presentB)experiences must occurC)sensory receptors must growD)motor receptors must growAnswer:BTopic:05-20 Experience, Critical Periods, and Perceptual DevelopmentLO:05-06 Experience, Critical Periods, and Perceptual Development153)Brady is born with cataracts. By when must this condition be corrected so that there areno serious deficiencies in Brady’s visual acuity?153)A)2 years.B)10 years.C)5 years.D)This condition cannot be corrected.Answer:BTopic:05-22 Restored Sensory CapacityLO:05-06 Experience, Critical Periods, and Perceptual Development30