Psychology Modules for Active Learning 13th Edition by Dennis Coon - Test Bank

Psychology Modules for Active Learning 13th Edition by Dennis Coon – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

1. Naturalistic observation, correlational studies, the clinical method, and the survey method are considered

__________  methods.

1. experimental
2. nonexperimental
3. nonscientific
4. placebo bias

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.1 – Explain the difference in the type of information provided by controlled experiments and the nonexperimental methods.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

2. Nonexperimental methods of research include
   1. the case study
   2. correlational
   3. the survey
   4. all of

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Easy

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.1 – Explain the difference in the type of information provided by controlled experiments and the nonexperimental methods.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

3. Psychologists who want to study behavior as it unfolds in natural settings use a technique called
   1. the case study
   2. correlational
   3. the survey
   4. naturalistic

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.1 – Explain the difference in the type of information provided by controlled experiments and the nonexperimental methods.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

4. Psychologists who want to make measurements to discover relationships between events use a technique called
   1. the case study
   2. the correlational
   3. the survey
   4. naturalistic

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.1 – Explain the difference in the type of information provided by controlled experiments and the nonexperimental methods.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

5. When studying mental disorders, such as depression or anxiety, and the therapies used to treat them, psychologists are more likely to use the
   1. case study
   2. correlational
   3. survey
   4. naturalistic observation

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.1 – Explain the difference in the type of information provided by controlled experiments and the nonexperimental methods.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

6. Questions about the opinions and behavior of large groups of people are often best answered using the

__________  method.

1. case study
2. correlational
3. survey
4. naturalistic observation

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.1 – Explain the difference in the type of information provided by controlled experiments and the nonexperimental methods.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

7. Cause-and-effect relationships regarding human behavior are determined through the use of which of the following research methods?
   1. case study method
   2. correlational study
   3. experimental method
   4. nonexperimental method

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.1 – Explain the difference in the type of information provided by controlled experiments and the nonexperimental methods.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

8. Because it is not always possible to conduct experiments, psychologists gather evidence and test hypotheses by using all of the following nonexperimental methods EXCEPT for the
   1. case study
   2. correlational
   3. naturalistic observation
   4. pseudoscientific

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Easy

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.1 – Explain the difference in the type of information provided by controlled experiments and the nonexperimental methods.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

9. Regarding the information provided by the nonexperimental methods, which of the following statements is FALSE?
   1. The case study method allows the investigation of rare or unusual problems or
   2. The correlational method allows us to predict
   3. The findings from naturalistic observations allow us to describe
   4. The survey method is used to establish cause-and-effect relationships regarding human

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.1 – Explain the difference in the type of information provided by controlled experiments and the nonexperimental methods.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

10. A psychologist using the method of naturalistic observation would
    1. carefully design controlled situations in which to observe
    2. rely on observations of subjects’ responses to
    3. observe behavior as it happens in actual settings outside the laboratory or
    4. make careful records of the behavior of clients treated during the course of

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

11. Recording the behavior of people or animals in their real-life settings without imposing laboratory conditions is known as the
    1. independent living
    2. pseudo-observational
    3. correlation
    4. naturalistic observation

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Easy

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

12. From her studies of chimpanzees in the wild in Tanzania, Jane Goodall showed that humans are not the only tool- making In discovering this information, Jane Goodall used which type of research method?
    1. field experiments
    2. experimental control
    3. correlational studies
    4. naturalistic observation

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

13. The findings from naturalistic observations allow us to
    1. describe
    2. predict
    3. explain
    4. establish clear cause-and-effect

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

14. A psychologist observes the confrontation between two rival neighborhood gangs from the window of an abandoned This method of collecting observations is best described as
    1. experimental
    2. naturalistic
    3. controlled
    4. clinical case

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

15. An advantage of naturalistic observation is that
    1. clear cause-and-effect relationships can be
    2. behavior has not been tampered with by outside
    3. the correlation between events can be carefully
    4. one can predict the behavior of large groups of subjects from the

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

16. Limitations of naturalistic observation include the
    1. small amount of information gained for the effort
    2. inconvenience and expense of conducting these observations in controlled laboratory
    3. problems of observer effects and observer
    4. problem of not being able to follow the APA code of research ethics using this research

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

17. The fact that a subject’s behavior may change when they know they are being watched is called
    1. the observer
    2. the staging
    3. interactive behavior
    4. the mutual

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

18. Researchers using naturalistic observations to study an animal colony must avoid making friends with the animals to minimize the
    1. placebo
    2. problem of sampling
    3. effect of the independent variable on the dependent
    4. effects of the observer on the

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

19. One way to reduce the effects of the presence of the observer on the behavior of the observed is to
    1. conceal the observer or use hidden camera
    2. take careful notes using a rating
    3. make friends with the
    4. record only selected details by using a behavioral assessment

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

20. Concealing the observer behind a two-way mirror or using hidden cameras can be used to minimize the
    1. observer
    2. double-blind
    3. placebo
    4. effects of extraneous

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

21. Zoologists have attached minaturized cameras called “critter cams” directly to many species allowing observations

in a wide range of natural environments with the use of these tiny cameras minimizing the

1. single-blind
2. double-blind .
3. observer
4. effects of extraneous

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

22. A college student has volunteered to tutor students in a first-grade She hopes to gain a realistic picture of the everyday behavior of these students. However, every time she enters the classroom, the students all stop what they are doing and run up to her begging her to tutor them next. This college student will probably never get a realistic picture of a typical first grader’s school day because of the
    1. observer
    2. observer
    3. self-fulfilling
    4. anthropomorphic

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

23. Sometimes observers in naturalistic observation see what they expect to see even when it doesn’t This problem is called
    1. observer
    2. pro-social interaction
    3. observer
    4. halo

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

24. A teacher asks the school psychologist to observe her class through the two-way mirror and determine why the class disruptions are Just as the psychologist is walking into the room off to the side of the classroom to observe, the teacher assistant tells the psychologist, “Pay close attention to Claire and Robert over there by the maps. I think they are the real troublemakers in the class.” After this encounter, the school psychologist will have to struggle with the
    1. observer
    2. observer
    3. placebo
    4. anthropomorphic

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

25. A researcher observing children and recording only those details that match his expectations would be
    1. exhibiting the observer
    2. exhibiting the observer
    3. conducting a scientific
    4. conducting a case

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

26. Teachers in one study were told to watch normal elementary school children who had been labeled for the study as “learning disabled,” “intellectually disabled,” “emotionally disturbed,” or “normal.” Sadly, the teachers gave the children very different ratings, depending on the labels This illustrates the serious consequences of
    1. conducting a scientific
    2. conducting a case
    3. the observer
    4. the observer

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

27. A police officer expecting criminal behavior shoots a person who is reaching for his wallet because he perceives the suspect as reaching for a This is a dangerous example of the
    1. anthropomorphic
    2. placebo
    3. observer
    4. observer

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

28. In observing the changes in their clients during therapy, psychologists often believe they get better results when using the type of therapy they This illustrates the
    1. Barnum
    2. observer
    3. observer
    4. anthropomorphic

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

29. The temptation to attribute human thoughts, feelings, and motives to animals is called the
    1. ratomorphic
    2. empirical
    3. anthropomorphic
    4. comparative

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

30. A person who praises his or her dog for its loyalty and devotion to its master is committing a(n)
    1. deductive-inductive
    2. scientific
    3. the Barnum
    4. anthropomorphic

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

31. My cat knows when I am upset and comes and comforts In psychology this is an example of
    1. psychological
    2. the observer
    3. the biopsychology
    4. the anthropomorphic

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

32. The anthropomorphic error would pose the greatest problem for which of the following?
    1. clinical psychologist
    2. Freudian psychologist
    3. humanist
    4. comparative psychologist

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

33. Helen ties a frilly blue bow around the neck of her husband’s bulldog, When her husband sees Bruiser trying to take the bow off, he explains to his wife that Bruiser is embarrassed to be seen wearing “the frilly little bow.” Her husband’s comment illustrates the
    1. observer
    2. anthropomorphic
    3. Barnum
    4. animalistic relativity

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

34. You go to Africa to study You follow one particular group, and one day you observe the other members of the group gather around a sick and dying elephant. The healthy elephants shuffle and trumpet and act in an agitated manner. You conclude that they are sad because one of their members is dying. Without any other evidence, you have just
    1. committed the anthropomorphic
    2. become involved in the observer
    3. engaged in research participant
    4. created an empirical

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

35. Psychologists conducting naturalistic studies make a special effort to minimize bias by keeping a detailed summary of data and observations known as a(n)
    1. experimental
    2. observation
    3. empirical
    4. scientific

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

36. A researcher observes the play activities of children at The videotape of these play activities serves as the
    1. experimental
    2. observation
    3. observational
    4. scientific

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

37. In keeping an observational record, which of the following methods tends to be the most objective?
    1. video recording
    2. rating scale used by a single observer
    3. behavioral assessment by a single observer
    4. at least three intersubjective observers

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Easy

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

38. Which of the following is an appropriate use of naturalistic observation?
    1. to raise questions and suggest hypotheses
    2. to develop formal psychological theory
    3. to test hypotheses derived from theory
    4. to answer questions about cause-and-effect relationships

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

39. A psychologist notes an association between the IQs of parents and their children, or between beauty and social popularity, or between anxiety and test In each case, two events are correlated, which means
    1. both events are randomly
    2. both events are really
    3. one event caused the
    4. the events are linked together in an orderly

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

40. The existence of a consistent, systematic relationship between two events, measures, or variables is known as a(n)
    1. survey
    2. statistical
    4. confirmation

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

41. A nonexperimental study designed to measure the degree of relationship (if any) between two or more events or variables is called a
    1. naturalistic observation
    2. correlational
    3. case
    4. survey

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

42. In which type of study are two factors measured and then a statistical technique used to find the degree of relationship between the two factors?
    1. naturalistic observation
    2. survey method
    3. case study method
    4. correlational study

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

43. To estimate the degree of the relationship between birth order and achievement motivation, a researcher would do a(n) __________
    1. naturalistic observation
    2. inventory
    3. correlational
    4. experimental

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

44. A teacher states that the students who made the highest grades on the English test also made the highest grades on the history test and the ones that made the lowest on one test made the lowest on the She was probably able to make this statement because she
    1. conducted a controlled experiment with the
    2. correlated the scores on the two
    3. surveyed the
    4. observed the students as they took the test to make sure no one

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

45. Correlations allow us to
    1. control
    2. explain
    3. predict
    4. establish causal

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

46. Simister and Cooper decided to find out if there is a relationship between crime and the They obtained data on temperatures and criminal activity in Los Angeles over a four-year period. When they graphed air temperature and the frequency of aggravated assaults, they found that assaults and temperatures rise and fall more or less in parallel. Simister and Cooper conducted a(n) study.
    1. naturalistic observation
    2. statistical inventory
    3. correlational
    4. experimental

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

47. Simister and Cooper decided to find out if there is a relationship between crime and the They obtained data on temperatures and criminal activity in Los Angeles over a four-year period. When they graphed air temperature and the frequency of aggravated assaults, they found that assaults and temperatures rise and fall more or less in parallel. Therefore, knowing the temperature in Los Angeles now allows us to
    1. predict the number of aggravated
    2. explain why aggravated assaults
    3. prevent aggravated assaults from
    4. do all of

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

48. A correlational coefficient is best characterized as a(n)
    1. measure of the extent of the relationship between two existing traits, behaviors, or
    2. index of the causal direction between an independent and dependent
    3. indication of the likelihood that an experimental finding will be replicated by
    4. measure of the likelihood that observed differences may be attributed to

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

49. Correlation coefficients can be expressed in numbers ranging from 0.00 to 3.00.
50. -1.00 to +1.00.
51. -2.00 to +2.00.
52. -3.00 to +3.00.

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

50. If a correlational relationship is perfect, the coefficient would
    1. be
    2. be a +1.00 or a -1.00.
51. always be a negative
52. always be a positive

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

51. A correlation coefficient of 00 means that there is
    1. a strong negative relationship between the two
    2. a strong positive relationship between the two
    3. a perfect positive relationship between the two
    4. no relationship between the two

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

52. The graph shown depicts a
    1. zero
    2. perfect positive
    3. perfect negative
    4. causal

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

53. The graph shown depicts a
    1. zero
    2. perfect positive
    3. perfect negative
    4. causal

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

54. The graph shown depicts a
    1. zero
    2. perfect positive
    3. perfect negative
    4. causal

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

55. Which of the following coefficients of correlation indicates the STRONGEST relationship between two sets of variables?
56. a. -0.98
57. 0.90
58. 0.00
59. 1.20

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

56. Which of the following coefficients of correlation indicates the STRONGEST relationship between two sets of variables?
57. a. -0.80
58. -.10
59. +1.25
60. +.90

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

57. Which of the following coefficients of correlation indicates the WEAKEST relationship between two sets of variables?
58. 0.08
59. -0.29
60. 0.48
61. -1.00

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

58. A correlation coefficient of -.89 indicates a(n)
    1. weak negative
    2. strong negative
    3. cause and effect
    4. error in

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

59. A correlation coefficient of 36 would be
    2. a sign that the two variables are positively
    3. a sign that the two variables are negatively
    4. a sign that the two variables are not

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

60. A correlation coefficient of -1.09 indicates a(n)
    1. strong positive
    2. strong negative
    3. cause/effect
    4. error in

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

61. The correlation between shoe size and intelligence would be -1.00.
62. +1.00.
63. 0.00.
64. impossible to calculate.

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

62. A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other variable
    3. remains
    4. is

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

63. Decreases in one measure are matched by decreases in the other measure in a
    1. nonexistent
    2. positive
    3. negative
    4. zero

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

64. A negative correlation means that as one variable increases the other
    3. remains
    4. increases then

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

65. Decreases in one measure are matched by increases in the other measure in a
    1. nonexistent
    2. positive
    3. negative
    4. zero

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

66. Students who do better in high school tend to do better in This is an example of a correlation.
    1. negative
    2. zero
    3. positive
    4. perfect

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

67. The boys in Jones’ third grade class were lined up according to height and were then weighed in this order beginning with the shortest. Each succeeding boy was found to weigh more than the preceding one. These data were plotted on a graph with weight on the horizontal axis and height on the vertical axis and revealed a
    1. zero
    2. positive
    3. negative
    4. horizontal

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

68. An observation that the higher the air temperature, the lower the activity of test animals would be an example of a
    1. negative
    2. positive
    3. causal
    4. zero

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

69. A researcher studying sleep deprivation finds that as the amount of sleep decreases, there is a proportional decrease in one’s immune This illustrates a correlation.
    1. positive
    2. negative
    3. zero
    4. dependent

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

70. The more you study, the fewer errors you will make on the next exam is an example of a
    1. perfect
    2. positive
    3. negative
    4. zero

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

71. As gas prices increase, we see a decline in the number of travelers on the This is an example of a

                    correlation.

1. negative
2. positive
3. perfect
4. zero

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

72. If the correlations between one’s self-concept and academic performance were positive, we could say that
    1. academic performance and self-concept are largely
    2. academic performance is an important cause of one’s self-concept.
    3. one’s self-concept is an important cause of academic
    4. a self-concept and academic performance are related, but no causal relationship has been

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

73. Abdul is listening to a radio talk show and hears the announcer talk about “a high correlation between crime and ” The announcer concludes that since there was a high correlation, poverty must cause crime. Abdul is taking psychology and is skeptical of what he just heard. He knows that
    1. correlation does not indicate
    2. to properly evaluate the statement, he needs to know the magnitude of the
    3. poverty and crime rates are difficult to
    4. the research indicates that crime causes poverty and not vice

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

74. One of the advantages of the correlational method is that
    1. greater control is possible over the phenomenon in
    2. cause-and-effect relationships can be
    3. it allows
    4. it can only be used in the

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

75. One of the disadvantages of the correlational method is that
    1. correlations may be
    2. correlations may be negative or
    3. it can only be used in laboratory
    4. the relationships observed between variables may be caused by some unknown third

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

76. If a researcher finds a negative correlation between the number of hours that students play computer games and grades, this means that
    1. computer game playing causes a decrease in
    2. computer game playing causes an increase in
    3. lower grades cause a student to be disinterested in studying and more interested in playing computer
    4. an experiment would have to be performed to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between video game playing and

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

77. A psychologist discovers that the blood of patients with schizophrenia contains a certain chemical not found in the general This means that
    1. this chemical causes a person to develop
    2. having schizophrenia causes this chemical to form in a person’s
    3. both schizophrenia and the chemical are caused by some unknown third factor, such as the typical diet in mental
    4. the chemical and schizophrenia are related, but no causal relationship has been

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

78. A psychologist discovers a correlation between parents who smoke cigarettes and juvenile delinquency in their We can conclude that
    1. parental smoking causes juvenile
    2. juvenile delinquents drive their parents to take up
    3. both parental smoking and juvenile delinquency are caused by a third factor, such as socioeconomic
    4. parental smoking and juvenile delinquency are related, but no causal relationship has been

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

79. An in-depth focus on a single individual best describes the
    1. single-blind
    2. double-blind
    3. correlational
    4. case

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Case Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.3.1 – Describe the case study method, including when it is used, what information it provides, and its advantages and limitations.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

80. Which of the following would most likely be investigated by use of a case study?
    1. the extent of marijuana usage in the general population
    2. the effects of caffeine on memory
    3. a rare psychological problem such as dissociative identity disorder (multiple personalities)
    4. the correlation between hours of sleep per night and the grade-point averages of college students

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Case Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.3.1 – Describe the case study method, including when it is used, what information it provides, and its advantages and limitations.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

81. When studying mental disorders, such as depression or anxiety, and the therapies used to treat them, psychologists usually use
    1. case
    2. controlled
    3. the survey
    4. the correlational

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Case Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.3.1 – Describe the case study method, including when it is used, what information it provides, and its advantages and limitations.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

82. Rare conditions, such as cases involving brain tumors, accidental brain injuries, childhood “geniuses,” or “rampage”

school shootings, are often studied using which method?

1. survey
2. case study
3. correlational study
4. experimental method

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Case Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.3.1 – Describe the case study method, including when it is used, what information it provides, and its advantages and limitations.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

83. The case study method would most likely be used to study
    1. the attitudes of the public concerning sex education being taught in the
    2. the behaviors of adolescents in the
    3. the effects of Vitamin E on
    4. the behaviors of amnesia

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Case Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.3.1 – Describe the case study method, including when it is used, what information it provides, and its advantages and limitations.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

84. An analysis of your medical records would be similar to which research method?
    1. naturalistic observation
    2. survey
    3. experimental method
    4. case study

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Case Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.3.1 – Describe the case study method, including when it is used, what information it provides, and its advantages and limitations.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

85. An educator who wants to explore all the different factors that might affect the motivation of a particular student would most likely use
    1. a controlled
    2. a case
    3. the survey
    4. naturalistic

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Case Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.3.1 – Describe the case study method, including when it is used, what information it provides, and its advantages and limitations.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

86. Which of the following can be thought of as a “natural” clinical test?
    1. survey
    2. case study
    3. correlational study
    4. double-blind study

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Case Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.3.1 – Describe the case study method, including when it is used, what information it provides, and its advantages and limitations.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

87. Since accidents, such as gunshot wounds, or natural events, such as disasters, can provide psychological data, case studies, such as these, may sometimes be thought of as
    1. field
    2. meta-analyses.
    3. natural clinical
    4. naturalistic

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Case Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.3.1 – Describe the case study method, including when it is used, what information it provides, and its advantages and limitations.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

88. In-depth studies of the brain injuries of Phineas Gage and Michael Melnick are examples of
    1. correlational
    2. field
    3. natural clinical

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Case Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.3.1 – Describe the case study method, including when it is used, what information it provides, and its advantages and limitations.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

89. An advantage of the case study method is that it
    1. provides identification of clear cause-and-effect
    2. allows information about large numbers of people to be
    3. allows
    4. allows investigation of rare or unusual problems or

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Case Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.3.1 – Describe the case study method, including when it is used, what information it provides, and its advantages and limitations.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

90. According to the text, case studies
    1. lack formal control
    2. produce results that generalize better than survey
    3. are the most scientific of the research
    4. are generally superior to

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Case Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.3.1 – Describe the case study method, including when it is used, what information it provides, and its advantages and limitations.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

91. Psychologists are limited in the conclusions that can be drawn from case studies because case studies
    1. lack cultural
    2. are subject to the Barnum
    3. lack formal control
    4. tend to create negative

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Case Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.3.1 – Describe the case study method, including when it is used, what information it provides, and its advantages and limitations.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

92. Both the hereditary as well as environmental influences on the development of schizophrenia in the Genain quadruplets were documented using which research method?
    1. case study
    2. experimental method
    3. survey method
    4. correlational study

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Case Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.3.1 – Describe the case study method, including when it is used, what information it provides, and its advantages and limitations.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

93. The survey method involves
    1. an in-depth study of the opinions and attitudes of a selected
    2. an overview of the attitudes and backgrounds of selected
    3. direct observation and recording of a representative sample of
    4. careful questioning of a representative sample of

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

94. The use of public polling techniques to answer questions about the opinions and behaviors of large groups of people describes the use of the
    1. clinical
    2. case study
    3. survey
    4. correlational

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

95. The Gallup and Harris Polls, which are reports that contain the responses of several thousand people to questions such as how good a job is the president doing with foreign affairs, are both examples of the use of the
    1. naturalistic observation
    2. survey
    3. field
    4. curvilinear relationship

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

96. Five thousand parents have been randomly selected from across the United States and will be asked a series of 20 well-chosen questions regarding their discipline These parents will be participating in which type of research study?
    1. case study
    2. experimental method
    3. survey method
    4. naturalistic observation technique

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

97. The town of Indianola, Mississippi wants to know what the community thinks about building a high-tech movie Increased taxes will be used to pay for the new theatre. Therefore, elected officials are mailing out questionnaires to determine public opinion about the theatre and the use of increased taxes to pay for it. Which type of research method are they using?
    1. correlation
    2. experiment
    3. survey
    4. case studies

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

98. A small, randomly selected part of a larger population that accurately reflects characteristics of the whole population is known as a
    1. correlation
    2. control
    3. representative
    4. balance-bias

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

99. A common method for selecting representative samples is to select them
    1. randomly from the larger
    2. strictly from
    3. independently by placing the surveys in popular magazines and
    4. from the confidential lists generated from mail order

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                              1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

100. An entire group of animals or people belonging to a particular category is called a
     1. biased
     2. representative
     4. natural clinical

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

101. We can draw conclusions about a larger group of people by randomly selecting a smaller group known as the
     1. natural clinical
     2. representative
     4. balanced-based

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                              1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

102. We can draw conclusions about a larger group of people by randomly selecting a smaller The entire larger group of people is known as the
     1. natural clinical
     2. representative

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

103. Jacobs is planning to survey U.S. voters regarding their views on the healthcare plan promoted by the president. To provide the most accurate results, the people he surveys must include the same proportion of men, women, young, old, professionals, blue-collar workers, Republicans, Democrats, whites, African Americans, Native Americans, Latinos, and Asians. Thus, Dr. Jacobs will use random selection to obtain a(n)
     1. natural clinical
     2. representative
     3. equated
     4. biased

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                              1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

104. Meridian Community College has a total of 4,000 One hundred of these students are surveyed about the programs offered at the college. All of the students at the college would be the
     2. representative
     3. control
     4. independent

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

105. Meridian Community College has a total of 4,000 One hundred of these students are surveyed about the programs offered at the college. These 100 students surveyed would constitute the
     2. representative
     3. control
     4. independent

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                              1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

106. A local television station conducts what they refer to as “surveys,” in which they ask viewers to call in their opinions to various These “surveys” are not considered a scientific poll because the television station
     1. does not allow subjects to e-mail their
     2. is using a biased
     3. limits the response to only 20
     4. does not separate the responses according to gender or

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

107. Two researchers want to determine the opinion of the average S. citizen regarding gun control. One conducts his survey at a national fishing and hunting convention, while the other researcher surveys participants at a animal rights convention. Regarding the accuracy of these survey results in determining the viewpoint of the average U.S. citizen,
     1. the survey conducted at the animal rights convention would be more
     2. the survey conducted at the national fishing and hunting convention would be more
     3. the combination of the two surveys would produce a balanced and accurate set of
     4. both samples would be considered

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                              1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

108. Senior seminar in psychology is open only to psychology majors, and all psychology majors at this college must complete the seminar to A random sample of students in this seminar is representative of all
     1. college students in the S.
     2. students at the college where the seminar is
     3. seniors at the college where the seminar is
     4. senior psychology majors at the college where the seminar is

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

109. A researcher has surveyed several thousand introductory psychology students across the country regarding their

views of dating. Because all of his participants were introductory psychology students, this researcher’s findings

1. are totally
2. will have limitations regarding their
3. are completely valid because all college students have to take introductory
4. cannot be published until they have been replicated at least two more

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                              1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

110. Regarding surveys and polling, which of the following statements is FALSE?
     1. Representative samples are often obtained by randomly selecting who will be included in the
     2. Surveys done by magazines, websites, and online information services have been shown to be as accurate as the Gallup and Harris
     3. People are often polled by telephone or the Internet, which has made it easier to obtain large
     4. A biased sample does not accurately reflect the population from which it was

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

111. Concerning Internet surveys, which of the following statements is FALSE?
     1. Web-based research has been disadvantaged because of its high cost in time and
     2. Web-based research can reach very large groups of
     3. Biased samples can limit Web-based research because it is not easy to control who actually answers online
     4. Internet studies have provided interesting information about topics, such as anger, prejudice, religion, and other

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                              1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

112. Researchers conducting web-based research have trouble controlling who actually answers their on-line questionnaires, which places limits on their research due to the possibility of
     1. researcher
     2. research participant
     3. biased
     4. the Barnum

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

113. The tendency of persons being surveyed to give polite or socially desirable answers is known as the
     1. Barnum
     2. courtesy
     3. experimenter
     4. self-fulfilling

 

ANSWER:                            b

POINTS:                              1

DIFFICULTY:                     Easy

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

114. One of the limitations of the survey method is
     1. observer
     2. that it sets up an artificial
     3. that replies may reflect social
     4. that results cannot be

 

ANSWER:                            c

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

115. In conducting a survey on computer use, the fact that many people do not want to admit that they don’t know how to use a computer is called a(n)
     1. observer
     2. researcher
     3. nonrepresentative
     4. courtesy

 

ANSWER:                            d

POINTS:                              1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

116. In survey studies, answers to questions regarding sex, drinking, drug use, income, and church attendance tend to be less than truthful, indicating a distinct
     1. courtesy
     2. actor-observer
     3. halo
     4. Barnum

 

ANSWER:                            a

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Easy

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

117. Naturalistic observation, correlational studies, case studies, and the survey method are all considered nonexperimental
     1. True
     2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

POINTS:                              1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.1 – Explain the difference in the type of information provided by controlled experiments and the nonexperimental methods.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

 

118. When zoologist Christian Rutz and his colleagues outfitted shy New Caledonian crows with “crow cams” to better

understand their use of tools to forage for food, they were using the case study method.

1. True
2. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

119. Concealing the observer or using hidden cameras can be used to minimize the anthropomorphic
     1. True
     2. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

120. A correlation coefficient of -.87 indicates a very weak relationship between the two
     1. True
     2. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

POINTS:                              1

DIFFICULTY:                     Diffcult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

121. In a positive correlation, decreases in one measure are matched by decreases in the other
     1. True
     2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

122. Correlational studies are able to demonstrate cause-and-effect
     1. True
     2. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

123. When more detail about mental disorders, such as depression or psychosis, is required, the naturalistic observation is the preferred
     1. True
     2. False

 

ANSWER:                            False

POINTS:                              1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Case Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.3.1 – Describe the case study method, including when it is used, what information it provides, and its advantages and limitations.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

124. Your medical record would be an example of a case
     1. True
     2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Case Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.3.1 – Describe the case study method, including when it is used, what information it provides, and its advantages and limitations.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

 

125. By selecting a representative sample and polling them, we can draw conclusions about the larger group called the
     1. True
     2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

126. In surveys conducted the week after an election, more people will say they voted than actually did, indicating a courtesy
     1. True
     2. False

 

ANSWER:                            True

POINTS:                              1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

127. In order to document the differences in the play activities of elementary boys and girls, a researcher videotapes elementary students as they play during recess at This researcher is using the nonexperimental method of research called __________.

ANSWER:                            naturalistic observation

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

128. When observers see what they expect to see or record only selected details, they are exhibiting a problem in naturalistic observation known as the .

ANSWER:                            observer bias

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

129. The cowboy who praises his horse for its “loyalty and devotion” to its master is committing the

ANSWER:                            anthropomorphic

POINTS:                              1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

130. The existence of a consistent, systematic relationship between two events, measures, or variables is called a(n)

__________.

ANSWER:                            correlation

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

131. Regarding the strength of the relationship, a correlation coefficient of -.92 would indicate a negative

ANSWER:                            strong

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

132. An observation that the higher the air temperature in a classroom, the less attention students pay to the professor’s

lecture would be an example of a(n)                    correlation.

ANSWER:                            negative

POINTS:                              1

DIFFICULTY:                     Difficult

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

133. A rare condition, such as a childhood genius or a rampage school shooting, would best be studied using a(n)

__________study.

ANSWER:                            case

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Case Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.3.1 – Describe the case study method, including when it is used, what information it provides, and its advantages and limitations.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

134. Each of the students in your American government class will be stopping people in the mall to ask them a series of ten questions regarding their voting preference in the upcoming Your government class is using the

__________method.

ANSWER:                            survey

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

135. A representative sample is chosen from an entire group of people belonging to a particular category, such as all college students or all married women, with this entire group being called the .

ANSWER:                            population

POINTS:                              1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

136. The tendency for people to give “polite” or socially desirable answers to survey questions is called the

__________.

 

ANSWER:                            courtesy bias

POINTS:                             1

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Fact

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

137. You wish to find out if people throw away their trash after they eat inside a fast-food Explain which nonexperimental research method would yield the BEST results, how it could be conducted to minimize bias, and why the other nonexperimental methods would not be better choices.

ANSWER:                            Answer will include that naturalistic observation would be the best method, since it involves observing behavior as it unfolds naturally. Observers could avoid the observer effect by appearing as “customers” themselves sitting in the restaurant or hidden cameras could be used, while the use of operational definitions and training in objective observation could minimize observer bias. Regarding the other nonexperimental methods, correlational studies require two events to be related, while a case study of one individual would not provide information about larger groups of people. As for the survey method, participants might give socially desirable answers, which might not reflect their true behavior as shown during naturalistic observation.

POINTS:                              5

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Naturalistic Observation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.1 – Explain the difference in the type of information provided by controlled experiments and the nonexperimental methods.

PMAL_COON_2015_5.1.2 – Describe and identify examples of the nonexperimental method of naturalistic observation; list the advantages and limitations of this method; and define and provide examples of the following terms as they relate to this method: observer effect, observer bias, anthropomorphic error, and observational record.

KEYWORDS:                       Application

 

138. Discuss the survey method, including when it is used, how it is conducted, its advantages and limitations, and the increasing use of Internet

 

ANSWER:                            Answer will include that when psychologists want the opinion of a large group of people, they choose to use the survey method. Since it would be impossible to question everyone in the population regarding a particular topic, a representative                sample is selected from this larger population and is asked a series of carefully  worded questions. A representative sample is a small group that accurately reflects the larger population. A good sample must include the same proportion of men, women, young, old, professionals, blue-collar workers, Republicans, Democrats, whites, African Americans, Native Americans, Latinos, Asians, and so on as found in the population as a whole. Ultimately, the researchers are interested in entire populations; but by selecting a smaller sample, they can draw conclusions about the larger group without polling each and every person. Representative samples are often obtained by randomly selecting who will be included. Modern surveys like the Gallup and Harris polls can be quite accurate. However, if a survey is based on a biased sample, it may paint a false picture. A biased sample does not accurately reflect the population from which it was drawn. Surveys done by magazines, websites, and online information services can be quite biased. That’s why psychologists using the survey method go to great lengths to ensure that their samples are representative.

Fortunately, people can often be polled by telephone or the Internet, which makes it easier to obtain large samples. Even if one person out of three refuses to answer survey questions, the results are still likely to be valid. Web-based research can also be a cost-effective way to reach very large groups of people, especially people who are not easy to survey any other way. Internet studies have provided interesting information about topics such as anger, decision-making, racial prejudice, what disgusts people, religion, sexual attitudes, and much more. However, biased samples can limit web­based research because it isn’t easy to control who actually answers your online questionnaire, but psychologists are getting better at gathering valid information with it. Even well-designed surveys may be limited by another problem. Replies to survey questions may not always accurate or truthful because many people show a distinct courtesy bias, which is a tendency to give “polite” or socially desirable answers. For example, answers to questions concerning sex, drinking or drug use, income, and church attendance tend to be less than truthful. Likewise, the week after an election, more people will say they voted than actually did. Despite their limitations, surveys frequently produce valuable information.

POINTS:                              8

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Survey Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.4.1 – Describe how the survey method is used in research, including the use of Internet surveys; identify the advantages and limitations of this method; explain the importance of obtaining a representative sample of people when conducting a survey; and define the following terms as they relate to the survey method: population, representative sample, random selection, biased sample, and courtesy bias.

KEYWORDS:                       Concept

OTHER:                              * (New Question)

 

139. As a child grows in height from infancy to preschool, his or her vocabulary also This is a positive correlation. Explain why this correlation does not show causation but does allow one to predict either event.

ANSWER:                            Answer will include that correlation only shows a relationship, and the relationship could be due to a third factor to which each of the other factors are related. For example, height in inches does not cause increased vocabulary nor does increased vocabulary cause height. Both are related to the third factor of age, which produces increased physical growth and exposure to increased vocabulary. Correlations do allow prediction, such as one can predict that as a child’s height increases, their vocabulary will also increase, or as a child’s vocabulary increases, their height increases, but one event does not cause the other.

POINTS:                              5

DIFFICULTY:                     Moderate

REFERENCES:                   Correlational Studies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  PMAL_COON_2015_5.2.1 – Explain when a correlational study would be conducted, its advantages and limitations, how a correlational coefficient is interpreted, and why correlation does NOT demonstrate causation.

KEYWORDS:                       Application