Psychology Modules for Active Learning 14th Edition by Dennis Coon - Test Bank

Psychology Modules for Active Learning 14th Edition by Dennis Coon – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

1. Personal observation of your own thoughts, feelings, and behavior is called:
a. research methodology.
b. cognitive unconscious.
c. introspection.
d. critical thinking.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

2. The cognitive unconscious is the part of the mind that:
a. we are subjectively unaware of and that is not open to introspection.
b. we are aware of and that is open to introspection.
c. forms personal observations of our thoughts and feelings.
d. we are able to control through willpower.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Remember
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

3. Which of the following defines psychology?
a. The scientific study of the brain and mind
b. The scientific study of personality
c. The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
d. The scientific study of mental illness
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Remember
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

4. What is critical thinking in psychology?
a. A systematic approach to researching and answering nonscientific questions
b. A type of reflection involving the support of beliefs through scientific explanation and observation
c. A type of reflection relying heavily on introspection and discovering motives
d. The ability to debunk superstition and pseudopsychology
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.2 – Identify research that uses the scientific method.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

5. The deliberate attempt to uncover how a commonsense belief or scientific theory might be wrong is:
a. falsification.
b. critical thinking.
c. confirmation bias.
d. uncritical acceptance.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

6. What is confirmation bias?
a. The tendency to remember or notice information that fits one’s expectations while forgetting or ignoring discrepancies
b. The tendency to believe claims because they seem true or because it would be nice if they were true
c. The tendency to accept unfounded beliefs without objective evidence or with falsifying evidence
d. The tendency to ignore information that fits one’s expectations while remembering or noticing discrepancies
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.7 – Explain how conclusions are drawn from research.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

7. Which of the following refers to an unfounded belief held without evidence or in spite of classifying evidence?
a. Hypothesis
b. Falsification
c. Confirmation bias
d. Superstition
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

8. Which of the following is the predicted outcome of an experiment or an educated guess about the relationship between variables?
a. Hypothesis
b. Theory
c. Observation
d. Prophecy
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.3 – Identify research questions and hypotheses.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

9. The cognitive unconscious is:
a. accessible through introspection.
b. capable of critical thinking.
c. a component of subjective awareness.
d. not open to introspection.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

10. What is uncritical acceptance?
a. The tendency to believe claims because they seem true or because it would be nice if they were true
b. An unfounded belief held without evidence or in spite of falsifying evidence
c. The tendency to remember or notice information that fits one’s expectations while forgetting or ignoring discrepancies
d. The deliberate attempt to uncover how a commonsense belief or scientific theory might be false
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

11. The scientific study of dreaming was made possible by the invention of:
a. the electroencephalograph (EEG).
b. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
c. the electrocardiogram (ECG).
d. diffuse optical imaging (DOI).
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

12. An operational definition defines a scientific concept by:
a. stating the specific actions or procedures used to measure it.
b. showing how it affects observable events.
c. subjecting it to critical thinking and introspection.
d. forming a hypothesis about it.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.2 – Identify research that uses the scientific method.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

13. Which of the following is not a basic ethical guideline for psychological researchers?
a. Do no harm.
b. Ensure that participation is voluntary.
c. Treat participants with dignity and respect.
d. Use deception when there are risks to potential participants.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.5.3 – Explain the purpose of informed consent in psychological research.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.5.4 – Describe the requirements and limitations of confidentiality and anonymity in psychological research.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.5.5 – Explain how psychological research involving deception can be conducted ethically.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
United States – APA.3.1 – Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

14. Humans or animals whose behavior is investigated in an experiment are called:
a. experimental subjects.
b. participants.
c. variables.
d. control groups.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.2 – Identify research that uses the scientific method.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

15. What is the variable that a researcher wants to prevent from affecting the outcome of the experiment?
a. Independent variable
b. Extraneous variable
c. Dependent variable
d. Experimental variable
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.2 – Identify research that uses the scientific method.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.5 – Identify independent and dependent variables.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

16. Which of the following names the two groups created in a simple scientific experiment?
a. Experimental and control
b. Independent and dependent
c. Experimental and dependent
d. Independent and control
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.2 – Identify research that uses the scientific method.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.4 – Explain the uses of experimental research and the conclusions that can be drawn from it.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

17. The subjects in an experimental study who do not receive the treatment being investigated are called the:
a. control group.
b. experimental group.
c. independents.
d. extraneous subjects.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.2 – Identify research that uses the scientific method.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

18. What is random assignment?
a. The use of chance to place subjects in experimental and control groups
b. The use of chance to determine the independent variable
c. The use of chance to prevent extraneous variables from affecting outcomes
d. The use of chance to appoint a researcher to investigate a scientific issue
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.2 – Identify research that uses the scientific method.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.4 – Explain the uses of experimental research and the conclusions that can be drawn from it.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

19. What are experimental results that would rarely occur by chance alone called?
a. Normal probability
b. Extraneous effect
c. A placebo
d. Statistically significant
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.6 – Explain how statistics are used to describe and draw inferences from data.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.7 – Explain how conclusions are drawn from research.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

20. Which of the following is a source of research participant bias in experiments involving drugs?
a. Cognitive effect
b. Placebo effect
c. Random assignment
d. Meta-analysis
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.7 – Explain how conclusions are drawn from research.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.4 – Explain the uses of experimental research and the conclusions that can be drawn from it.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.1 – Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

21. An inactive substance or treatment that is distinguishable from a real, active substance is called a:
a. falsification.
b. superstition.
c. bias.
d. placebo.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.7 – Explain how conclusions are drawn from research.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

22. In which of these studies do participants remain unaware of whether they are in the experimental group or the control group?
a. Cause-and-effect
b. Single-blind
c. Behavioral
d. Meta-analysis
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.4 – Identify effective strategies for selecting the population, location, and method of a research project.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

23. Which of the following refers to changes in participants’ behavior caused by the unintended influence of an experimenter’s actions?
a. Placebo effect
b. Confirmation bias
c. Researcher bias
d. Self-fulfilling prophecy
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.4 – Identify effective strategies for selecting the population, location, and method of a research project.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.7 – Explain how conclusions are drawn from research.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

24. Which of the following refers to a prediction that prompts people to act in ways that make the prediction come true?
a. Self-fulfilling prophecy
b. Uncritical acceptance
c. Mistaken belief
d. Superstition
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.7 – Explain how conclusions are drawn from research.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.5 – Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

25. A study in which an investigator manipulates at least one variable while measuring one other variable is called:
a. an experiment.
b. a survey.
c. a meta-analysis.
d. an abstract.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.5 – Identify independent and dependent variables.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.4 – Explain the uses of experimental research and the conclusions that can be drawn from it.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

26. Which of the following refers to a way to combine the results of many studies?
a. Master analysis
b. Double-blind
c. Meta-analysis
d. Operational definition
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.7 – Explain how conclusions are drawn from research.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

27. A change in symptoms due to a participant’s expectation that a drug or treatment will do something is called:
a. the placebo effect.
b. researcher bias.
c. falsification.
d. the self-fulfilling effect.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.7 – Explain how conclusions are drawn from research.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.1 – Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

28. Both research participant bias and researcher bias in psychological experiments can be eliminated by conducting a:
a. single-blind study.
b. survey.
c. double-blind study.
d. meta-analysis.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.4 – Explain the uses of experimental research and the conclusions that can be drawn from it.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.5.1.2 – Describe biases and heuristics that affect reasoning and decision making.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

29. Which of the following describes a double-blind study?
a. Neither the observer nor the subjects know which subjects received which treatment.
b. Both the observer and the subjects know which subjects received which treatment.
c. The observer knows which subjects received which treatment, but the subjects don’t know.
d. The observer does not know which subjects received which treatment, but the subjects know.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.4 – Identify effective strategies for selecting the population, location, and method of a research project.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

30. Which of the following is an advantage of the experimental method?
a. Clear cause-and-effect relationships can be identified.
b. Results are statistically significant.
c. It combines the results from many studies.
d. It eliminates researcher and research participant bias.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.4 – Explain the uses of experimental research and the conclusions that can be drawn from it.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

31. In an experiment, what provides for the difference between the experimental group and the control group, with the goal of identifying it as the only possible cause of an effect?
a. Extraneous variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Independent variable
d. Hypothesis
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.5 – Identify independent and dependent variables.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.4 – Explain the uses of experimental research and the conclusions that can be drawn from it.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

32. When considering information on psychology found in popular media, why should oversimplifications be treated with considerable skepticism?
a. Most information presented in popular media is fictionalized and illusory.
b. Most psychological behaviors and phenomena have operational definitions.
c. Most psychological behaviors and phenomena have multiple causes.
d. Most sources of popular media are motivated by monetary gain.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology Skills in Action: Information Literacy
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.4 – Explain the uses of experimental research and the conclusions that can be drawn from it.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.1 – Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

33. Which of the following is implemented to avoid research participant bias?
a. Operational definition
b. Single-blind study
c. Self-fulfilling prophecy
d. Ethical guidelines
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.4 – Identify effective strategies for selecting the population, location, and method of a research project.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

34. The research in which neither the observer nor the subjects know which subjects received which treatment is called a:
a. double-blind study.
b. meta-analysis.
c. survey method.
d. single-blind study.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.4 – Identify effective strategies for selecting the population, location, and method of a research project.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

35. The existence of a consistent, systematic relationship between two events, measures, or variables is called:
a. a correlation.
b. the observer effect.
c. a coincidence.
d. an anthropomorphic error.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.3 – Explain the uses of correlational research and the conclusions that can be drawn from it.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.1 – Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

36. For the survey method to be valid, a researcher should conduct:
a. an in-depth analysis of the behavior of one person.
b. a poll of a representative sample of people.
c. a double-blind study on a select group of participants.
d. a careful recording of a behavior in a normal setting.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.2 – Compare the use of surveys and interviews with case study methods.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.1 – Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

37. A subset of a population being studied is referred to as a:
a. coefficient.
b. survey.
c. sample.
d. variable.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.4 – Identify effective strategies for selecting the population, location, and method of a research project.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.2 – Compare the use of surveys and interviews with case study methods.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.1 – Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
KEYWORDS: Remember
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

38. Which of the following describes the observer effect?
a. The existence of a consistent, systematic relationship between two events, measures, or variables
b. The tendency of a person to distort observations or perceptions to match his or her expectations
c. Changes in an organism’s behavior brought about by an awareness of being under surveillance
d. The tendency to remember or notice things that confirm our expectations and ignore the rest
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.1 – Explain how data are collected in observational research.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.1 – Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

39. Which of the following occurs when a person sees what he or she expects to see or records only selected details?
a. Observer bias
b. Anthropomorphic error
c. Observer effect
d. Biased sample
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.1 – Explain how data are collected in observational research.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.1 – Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

40. What does the term “correlational research” refer to?
a. A research method based on careful recording of behavior in normal settings
b. A nonexperimental study that quantifies the degree to which events, measures, or variables are associated
c. An in-depth analysis of the behavior of one person or a small number of people
d. Research in which neither the observer nor the subjects know which subjects received which treatment
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.3 – Explain the uses of correlational research and the conclusions that can be drawn from it.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

41. Which of the following is the term for the statistical index ranging from −1.00 to +1.00 that indicates the direction and degree of the existence of a consistent, systematic relationship between two variables?
a. Operational definition
b. Correlation coefficient
c. Cause-and-effect factor
d. Positive-negative gauge
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.3 – Explain the uses of correlational research and the conclusions that can be drawn from it.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

42. Psychologists sometimes rely on a research method based on careful recording of behavior in normal settings, called:
a. a survey method.
b. introspection.
c. naturalistic observation.
d. correlational research.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.1 – Explain how data are collected in observational research.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

43. Which of the following is a special mistake to avoid when observing animals?
a. Research participant bias
b. Uncritical acceptance
c. Naturalistic observation
d. Anthropomorphic error
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.1 – Explain how data are collected in observational research.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

44. Correlations allow prediction but do not demonstrate:
a. an association.
b. a link.
c. cause and effect.
d. a relationship.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.3 – Explain the uses of correlational research and the conclusions that can be drawn from it.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

45. Which of the following is a problem with the survey method?
a. Answers may not be accurate and truthful.
b. There are no cost-effective ways to reach large groups of people.
c. It can’t yield both valid and reliable data.
d. Psychologists often rely on the Internet to conduct surveys.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.2 – Compare the use of surveys and interviews with case study methods.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:28 AM

46. Which of the following is defined as the study of thinking, learning, and perception in whole units, not by analysis into parts?
a. Gestalt psychology
b. Behaviorism
c. Functionalism
d. Psychoanalysis
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.3.1.6 – Explain how the Gestalt principles affect perception.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

47. Which of the following is a Freudian approach to psychotherapy emphasizing the exploration of unconscious conflicts?
a. Cognitive behaviorism
b. Determinism
c. Humanistic psychology
d. Psychoanalysis
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.3 – Summarize the psychodynamic approach to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.12.1.1 – Explain the therapist’s role in traditional psychoanalysis.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

48. Which view takes the perspective that behavior is shaped and controlled by one’s environment?
a. Cognitive
b. Behaviorist
c. Psychodynamic
d. Sociocultural
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.2 – Summarize the behavioral approach to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.3 – Summarize the psychodynamic approach to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.4 – Summarize the humanistic approach to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.5 – Summarize the cognitive approach to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

49. Who is a psychiatrist?
a. A medical doctor with additional training in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders
b. A mental health professional who is trained to practice psychoanalysis
c. A licensed counselor who specializes in the treatment of milder emotional and behavioral disturbances
d. A therapist with a doctorate who specializes in the treatment of psychological and behavioral disturbances or who does research on such disturbances
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.1.8 – Understand the educational qualifications and professional responsibilities of those who work in psychology.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

50. A psychologist who specializes in the treatment of milder emotional and behavioral disturbances is called a:
a. counseling psychologist.
b. clinical psychologist.
c. psychoanalyst.
d. psychiatrist.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.1.8 – Understand the educational qualifications and professional responsibilities of those who work in psychology.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

51. What is the study of sensations and personal experience analyzed as basic elements?
a. Functionalism
b. Radical behaviorism
c. Gestalt psychology
d. Structuralism
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.1.3 – Explain the impact of structuralism in forming the science of psychology
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.1 – Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

52. Which of the following describes functionalism?
a. The study of thinking, learning, and perception in whole units, not by analysis into parts
b. Darwin’s theory that evolution favors those plants and animals best suited to their living conditions
c. A school of psychology that considers behaviors in terms of active adaptations
d. A school of thought in psychology that emphasizes the study of observable actions over the study of the mind
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.1.4 – Explain the impact of functionalism in forming the science of psychology.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.1 – Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

53. Which of the following describes behaviorism?
a. A school of psychology that considers behaviors in terms of active adaptations
b. The study of sensations and personal experience analyzed as basic elements
c. A school of thought in psychology that emphasizes the study of observable actions over the study of the mind
d. Darwin’s theory that evolution favors those plants and animals best suited to their living conditions
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.1.5 – Explain the impact of behaviorism in forming the science of psychology.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.2 – Summarize the behavioral approach to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

54. Which school of psychology studies people as inherently good and motivated to learn and improve?
a. Psychoanalysis
b. Cognitive behaviorism
c. Neo-Freudian
d. Humanistic
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.4 – Summarize the humanistic approach to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

55. Which of the following refers to the rules that define acceptable and expected behavior for members of a group?
a. Social norms
b. Cultural relativity
c. Stimulus and response
d. Ethics
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.6 – Summarize the sociocultural approaches to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

56. What is a psychologist who specializes in the treatment of psychological and behavioral disturbances or who does research on such disturbances called?
a. Psychoanalyst
b. Counselor
c. Psychiatrist
d. Clinical psychologist
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.1.8 – Understand the educational qualifications and professional responsibilities of those who work in psychology.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

57. Which of the following does psychology consider a covert behavior?
a. Dreaming
b. Sleeping
c. Talking
d. Reading
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

58. Psychologists are most likely to be found working in:
a. hospitals or clinics.
b. private practice or colleges and universities.
c. schools or government.
d. businesses or industry.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.1.8 – Understand the educational qualifications and professional responsibilities of those who work in psychology.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

59. Which of the following is an advisor who helps people who do not have serious mental disorders solve problems with marriage, career, school, work, or the like?
a. Psychoanalyst
b. Counselor
c. Clinical psychologist
d. Psychiatrist
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.1.8 – Understand the educational qualifications and professional responsibilities of those who work in psychology.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

60. Who issues licenses to clinical or counseling psychologists?
a. The federal government
b. State examining boards
c. Hospitals or clinics
d. Colleges and universities
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.1.8 – Understand the educational qualifications and professional responsibilities of those who work in psychology.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

61. Who studied simple behaviors under carefully controlled conditions and hoped that his radical brand of behaviorism would improve human lives?
a. B. F. Skinner
b. John B. Watson
c. Max Wertheimer
d. Abraham Maslow
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.1.5 – Explain the impact of behaviorism in forming the science of psychology.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.2 – Summarize the behavioral approach to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Remember
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

62. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
a. A hypothesis is presented at the beginning of an experiment; a theory is presented at the end of an experiment after data is collected.
b. A theory is specific to a particular experiment or to particular variables; a hypothesis makes a broader claim based on a larger body of research.
c. A hypothesis is based on introspection and does not use the scientific method; a theory is based on experimentation and research.
d. A hypothesis is specific to a particular experiment or to particular variables; a theory makes a broader claim based on a larger body of research.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.1.1 – Summarize the history of the mind-body problem in relation to psychology.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

63. Which of the following is the part of a research report that provides background information by reviewing prior studies on the same or related topics?
a. Method
b. Conclusion
c. Introduction
d. Abstract
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.2 – Identify research that uses the scientific method.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.2 – Demonstrate psychology information literacy.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

64. Who was the first African American to earn a doctoral degree in psychology, later serving as the chair of the psychology department at Howard University and writing articles critical of the underrepresentation of African Americans in U.S. colleges and universities?
a. Francis Cecil Sumner
b. Margaret Washburn
c. Inez Beverly Prosser
d. Abraham Maslow
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.1.7 – Identify major figures in the history of psychology.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

65. Who published The Animal Mind, an influential textbook on animal behavior, and was the first woman to be awarded a PhD in psychology?
a. Margaret Prosser
b. Inez Beverly Prosser
c. Margaret Washburn
d. Margaret Symonds
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.1.7 – Identify major figures in the history of psychology.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

66. Which of the following is a typical activity of biopsychology?
a. Researches the brain, nervous system, and other physical origins of behavior
b. Studies human thinking and information processing abilities
c. Promotes communitywide mental health through research, prevention, education, and consultation
d. Studies how behavior is guided by patterns that evolved during the long history of humankind
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.7 – Summarize biopsychosocial and other integrated approaches to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.1 – Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

67. Why is it incorrect to assume that correlation demonstrates causation?
a. A relation between two things does not mean that one thing causes the other.
b. A relation between two things must be verified by experimental methods.
c. A correlation must undergo statistical analysis to determine significance.
d. A correlation is hypothetical, whereas causation is a scientific fact.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.3 – Explain the uses of correlational research and the conclusions that can be drawn from it.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Remember
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

68. The fact that little or no control is possible counts as a disadvantage in all of the following research methods except for:
a. the experimental method.
b. the correlational method.
c. the clinical method.
d. naturalistic observation.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.1 – Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

69. Scientific observations are intersubjective, meaning that:
a. they are carefully planned.
b. more than one observer can confirm them.
c. information is gained from direct observation.
d. they affect the observer’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

70. Correlation typically demonstrates:
a. causation.
b. proof.
c. an observer effect.
d. a consistent, systematic relationship.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.3 – Explain the uses of correlational research and the conclusions that can be drawn from it.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

71. Accusing a computer that refuses to boot of being lazy and irresponsible is an example of:
a. anthropomorphizing.
b. naturalistic observation.
c. observer bias.
d. correlation.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.7 – Explain how conclusions are drawn from research.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

72. Which of the following statements should be remembered when considering information found in popular media?
a. Modern media and the Internet highlight critical thinking over entertainment.
b. Information in the mass media varies greatly in quality and accuracy.
c. Domain names with .org typically offer more reliable information than those with .edu.
d. The most reliable websites are run by a single person with expertise in fields such as psychology.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology Skills in Action: Information Literacy
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.5 – Identify appropriate sources for empirical studies.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.2 – Demonstrate psychology information literacy.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

73. Media reports on experiments like firewalking are often misleading because they don’t:
a. libel obvious frauds.
b. have any entertainment value.
c. report the lack of a control group.
d. identify any of the participants.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology Skills in Action: Information Literacy
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.4 – Explain the uses of experimental research and the conclusions that can be drawn from it.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

74. Graphology is generally recognized as being useful for:
a. detecting forgeries.
b. studying abnormal behavior.
c. judging the truthfulness of a written statement.
d. identifying personality traits.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

75. Why is it important to look for control groups when evaluating media reports and research?
a. Errors distinguishing correlation and causation can be avoided with control groups.
b. Nonprofit organizations and popular media sites are less likely to use control groups.
c. Uncontrolled observation can lead to overgeneralization and oversimplification.
d. Research is scholarly and viable only if it follows experimental methodology.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology Skills in Action: Information Literacy
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.2 – Demonstrate psychology information literacy.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

76. Which of the following is one way to become a critical consumer of information?
a. Avoid looking for disconfirming evidence.
b. Overgeneralize findings that are based on one or two cases.
c. Favor personal websites authored by one person.
d. Look carefully at where that information is coming from.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology Skills in Action: Information Literacy
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.5 – Identify appropriate sources for empirical studies.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.2 – Demonstrate psychology information literacy.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

77. Which of the following is not a problem of media reports?
a. Biased or unreliable sources of information
b. Oversimplification and use of single examples
c. Misleading correlations
d. Disconfirming evidence
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology Skills in Action: Information Literacy
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.5 – Identify appropriate sources for empirical studies.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.2 – Demonstrate psychology information literacy.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

78. Why is it important to be a critical consumer of psychological information, especially of psychological information presented in popular media?
a. Media reports often emphasize the negative components of an issue, whereas scientific research must remain neutral.
b. Media reports are frequently distributed by for-profit business, whereas research universities are nonprofit organizations.
c. Media reports frequently rely on nonexperimental research methods instead of experimental research methods.
d. Media reports often have biased or unreliable sources, uncontrolled observation, oversimplification, and misleading correlations.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology Skills in Action: Information Literacy
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.5 – Identify appropriate sources for empirical studies.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.2 – Demonstrate psychology information literacy.
KEYWORDS: Understand
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

79. Which of the following is a characteristic of both casual observation and scientific observation?
a. Systematic
b. Gathers empirical evidence
c. Intersubjective
d. Carefully planned
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.2 – Identify research that uses the scientific method.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

80. Which of the following best illustrates how thinking may take place in the cognitive unconscious?
a. The tendency for people to forget the content of their dreams
b. The tendency for people to select the person in a certain position of a police lineup
c. The tendency for people to embellish events in order to comply with social norms
d. The tendency for people to prefer receiving money as a present more than a gift card
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

81. In order to determine what kind of dog food her dogs like the most, Susan develops a system whereby her dogs each try a different brand of dog food every week for six weeks. Susan carefully monitors how much and how quickly her dogs eat at each mealtime. At the end of six weeks, she compares the results of her observations and draws her conclusion as to the favorite brand of dog food. Susan’s study is an example of:
a. introspection.
b. the cognitive unconscious.
c. research bias.
d. scientific observation.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

82. Anthony is curious about how the number of hours of daylight each day changes over the course of one year. From January 1 to December 31, he records exactly when the sun rises and sets. At the end of the year, Anthony looks closely at his data and concludes at what time of year the days have the most hours of daylight. Anthony’s study is an example of:
a. scientific observation.
b. uncritical acceptance.
c. introspection.
d. confirmation bias.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

83. Ellen plants 10 daffodil seeds, each seed into its own individual small pot with potting soil. She gives each plant exactly the same amount of sunlight, but she gives each plant a different amount of water. Based on the information in this scenario, you can reasonably infer that Ellen will observe that:
a. the plant with the most amount of water will grow the tallest.
b. the plant with the most ideal ratio of water to sunlight will grow the tallest.
c. all the plants will grow to exactly the same height.
d. too much sunlight will harm the plants.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Analyze
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

84. Which of the following statements most accurately presents a conclusion that could be drawn from scientific observation?
a. Apples are the most delicious fruit.
b. Crime rates are generally higher on certain days each month because of a full moon.
c. Small dogs make better pets for children than large dogs.
d. Plants will often grow better with a small amount of fertilizer than with no fertilizer.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Evaluate
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

85. Which of the following is an example of falsification?
a. The deliberate attempt to confirm the belief that left-handed people are more creative than right-handed people
b. The deliberate attempt to prove the hypothesis that a healthy balance of diet and exercise increases life span
c. The deliberate attempt to disprove the finding that increased stress and anxiety weaken the immune system
d. The deliberate attempt to discover the ideal biopsychosocial conditions for increased life span
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.3 – Identify research questions and hypotheses.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

86. Which of the following best illustrates principles of critical thinking?
a. The decision to purchase a car based on the endorsement of a famous celebrity
b. The decision to enroll in a vocational work program based on the suggestion of a school counselor
c. The decision to take a certain type of medicine based on a television commercial that claimed the medicine would cure sickness
d. The decision to take a certain type of medicine based on extensive reading in pharmacology journals and based on numerous conversations with a range of doctors
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

87. Which of the following is an example of a superstition?
a. Always fastening the safety belt when driving a car
b. Never walking underneath a ladder in order to avoid bad luck
c. Never staying up beyond two in the morning in order to wake up early by six o’clock
d. Always citing references when writing an academic essay with secondary sources
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

88. Allison and Henry each do an experiment testing how nicotine affects short-term memory. Both Allison and Henry read numerous studies on the subject of nicotine and memory. Allison researches scholarly journals and designs her experiment based on the findings of psychologists at various universities. Henry researches on the Internet and designs his experiment based on articles published by tobacco companies. Even if their hypotheses and conclusions are similar, which person most accurately presents a study based on critical thinking?
a. Henry, because his research goes directly to the source of nicotine production, which is the tobacco industry.
b. Allison, because her research relies on the scientific community of scholars, instead of the business and commercial industry of tobacco, and is therefore more credible.
c. Both Allison and Henry use critical thinking equally, because they have similar projects and both do background reading.
d. Neither Allison nor Henry uses critical thinking, because neither person incorporates falsification directly into their hypothesis.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.1 – Compare the scientific method to nonscientific means of gathering information.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.2 – Identify research that uses the scientific method.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Evaluate
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

89. Consider the statement, “We predict that 45 minutes of rigorous cardiovascular exercise performed daily for a total of 90 days will result in (1) better health as measured by lower blood pressure, normalized body mass index, and greater physical stamina and (2) greater mental acuity as measured by a brief reading comprehension exam and a brief math test.” This statement can best be described as:
a. a hypothesis.
b. an operational definition.
c. a theory.
d. a scientific method.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.2 – Identify research that uses the scientific method.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.3 – Identify research questions and hypotheses.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

90. Professor Smith conducts a research experiment involving 100 volunteers from the university at which he teaches. After the experiment, he debriefs all of the participants as to the nature of the experiment, he provides the results of the experiment to the participants, and he publishes all of the names of the participants with his research. Which basic ethical guideline for psychological research does Professor Smith violate?
a. Do not invade privacy unnecessarily.
b. Maintain confidentiality.
c. Remove any misconceptions caused by deception.
d. Ensure that participation is voluntary.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.5.4 – Describe the requirements and limitations of confidentiality and anonymity in psychological research.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.3.1 – Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

91. Professor James is conducting an experiment testing the hypothesis that increased sugar intake will result in hyperactivity in his laboratory mice. Professor James individually tells each of his laboratory assistants to give one group of mice about a handful of sugar and another group of mice no sugar. He then tells his assistants to put the mice on a running wheel that measures how vigorously they run. Based on the information in this scenario, what methodological error is Professor James making?
a. His hypothesis does not consider previous research studies on the topic of sugar and hyperactivity.
b. His operational definition of hyperactivity involves running on a wheel.
c. He has not operationally defined sugar intake because he has not measured precisely how much sugar the mice receive.
d. He has not consulted the ethical guidelines for psychological research with animals.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.2 – Identify research that uses the scientific method.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Analyze
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

92. Which of the following statements most accurately presents a structuralist claim?
a. I sense the avocado by perceiving its shape, color, texture, scent, and flavor.
b. I sense the avocado by perceiving all of its qualities as a unified experience.
c. I sense the avocado by eating it, digesting it, and absorbing its nutritional value.
d. I sense the avocado by way of the unconscious desire to consume it.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.1.3 – Explain the impact of structuralism in forming the science of psychology
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

93. Valerie wants her dogs to come to her when she calls them for meals. Unlike other times when she calls her dogs, at mealtimes she gives a particular high-pitched whistle. Before long, her dogs come to her and begin salivating when Valerie gives the whistle, even though she does not call them by name. This scenario is most accurately an example of:
a. structuralism.
b. functionalism.
c. Gestalt psychology.
d. behaviorism.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.1.5 – Explain the impact of behaviorism in forming the science of psychology.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.2 – Summarize the behavioral approach to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

94. Which of the following statements most accurately presents a society modeled on behaviorism?
a. Members are encouraged to investigate deeply held personal drives and act appropriately upon desires.
b. Members envision themselves as irreducible members of a collective whole, all functioning harmoniously together.
c. Members see themselves as individual components of a larger social mechanism, wherein each component plays a particular and unique part.
d. Members are rewarded to perform certain actions and are punished to discourage other actions, such that people enact specific responses to particular stimuli.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.1.5 – Explain the impact of behaviorism in forming the science of psychology.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.2 – Summarize the behavioral approach to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

95. Timothy goes to a clinical psychologist to help with anxiety before taking his final exams. Timothy describes that when he feels anxious, he notices that his heart beats faster, he begins to perspire, he becomes short of breath, his thoughts become erratic and exaggerated, and he feels a growing sense of fear and dread. After discussing his anxiety with his psychologist, the psychologist responds, “Try not to isolate these symptoms as separate experiences, but instead, think of all of these symptoms as one single experience that you can contain and dismiss as you wish.” Which of the following best describes the approach by Timothy’s psychologist?
a. Structuralism
b. Behaviorism
c. Psychodynamic psychology
d. Gestalt psychology
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.1.3 – Explain the impact of structuralism in forming the science of psychology
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

96. Francis goes to see a clinical psychologist to overcome his fear of spiders. With his psychologist, Francis describes his history with spiders and how he has always experienced fear when he has noticed them. His psychologist responds, “Your fear of spiders derives from a childhood trauma and an unresolved tension involving the time you first saw a spider and your unconscious feelings about your parents.” The response by Francis’s psychologist may be characterized as an example of:
a. radical behaviorism.
b. psychoanalysis.
c. self-actualization.
d. functionalism.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.3 – Summarize the psychodynamic approach to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

97. Which of the following statements most accurately presents the ideas of humanistic psychology?
a. Human thoughts, actions, and emotions are essentially determined by unconscious processes.
b. Human thoughts, actions, and emotions are largely contingent upon free will and our ability to make conscious choices.
c. Human thoughts, actions, and emotions are largely determined by conditioned responses.
d. Human thoughts, actions, and emotions are largely shaped by active adaptations best suited for survival.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.4 – Summarize the humanistic approach to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

98. Elena asks her psychology professor if there are any psychological reasons or underpinnings as to why humans are often religious and as to why religion is a prominent part of human history and human society. Elena’s professor responds that religion has an important place in human history because it has helped people adapt and develop socially with common goals and ethics and that ancient religious cultures were more likely to flourish than those without religious belief systems. This claim by Elena’s professor most closely illustrates which perspective?
a. Evolutionary psychology
b. Cognitive psychology
c. Humanistic psychology
d. Psychodynamic psychology
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.1.6 – Explain the impact of evolutionary theory on the science of psychology.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.7 – Summarize biopsychosocial and other integrated approaches to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

99. Which of the following statements best illustrates a biological perspective of psychology?
a. Eating disorders are caused by social pressures and cultural influences.
b. Eating disorders are caused by internal desires and conflicts, most likely those that are unconscious.
c. Eating disorders are caused by distorted views of self-image and stunted self-actualization.
d. Eating disorders are caused by internal chemical and biological imbalances involving the nervous system and the endocrine system.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.7 – Summarize biopsychosocial and other integrated approaches to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

100. It has been observed that in certain parts of the United States, it is considered impolite to refrain from saying hello and making casual conversation while in a social situation. And it has been observed that in certain parts of northern Europe, it is considered impolite to break the silence by saying hello and making casual conversation while in a social situation. These two observations illustrate the principle known as:
a. research bias.
b. free will.
c. determinism.
d. cultural relativity.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.6 – Summarize the sociocultural approaches to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

101. Janice studies psychology in college and becomes interested in pursuing a career as a psychologist. As she learns more in graduate school, Janice discovers that she is most interested in working with infants, children, and adolescents. She is fascinated with how young people change in their formative years. She comes to specialize in a psychological practice that does clinical work with children, and she serves as a consultant to parents. Janice may best be described as a:
a. cognitive psychologist.
b. developmental psychologist.
c. counseling psychologist.
d. psychiatrist.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.7 – Summarize biopsychosocial and other integrated approaches to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

102. Which of the following statements most accurately presents an argument that takes into account differing social norms?
a. Most human behavior can be explained in terms of underlying biological principles.
b. Most human behavior can be understood in terms of the mental processing of information.
c. Most human behavior is determined by unconscious or hidden forces, desires, and tensions.
d. Most human behavior must be considered relative to the values of the culture in which it occurs.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.6 – Summarize the sociocultural approaches to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

103. Damien would like to encourage his children to read more books instead of watching television. He decides to reward his children with a cookie every time he sees them reading and to withhold a small portion of their weekly allowance every time he sees them watching television. Damien’s approach toward his children can best be described as reflecting:
a. structuralism.
b. behaviorism.
c. determinism.
d. functionalism.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.1.5 – Explain the impact of behaviorism in forming the science of psychology.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.2 – Summarize the behavioral approach to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

104. Which expression of human psychological need best illustrates the principles of humanistic psychology?
a. Phillip feels that his need to find a spouse and have children is the primary motivator for the course of his life.
b. Lucy feels that her need for self-expression and creativity as an artist will help her to develop her full potential for happiness in life.
c. Matthew feels that his need to resolve his tensions with his parents is the greatest obstacle in his life.
d. Jasmine feels that her need to understand and master her own mental abilities will be her greatest asset in life.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.4 – Summarize the humanistic approach to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Evaluate
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

105. Professor Gonzalez develops a research study to assess the correlation between salary and job performance among the chief executive officers of Fortune 500 corporations. After the research results are analyzed, Professor Gonzalez concludes that women are less likely than men to perform strongly in the position of CEO. What error is Professor Gonzalez likely making in his study?
a. Determinism
b. Radical behaviorism
c. Gender bias
d. Cultural relativity
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.4 – Identify effective strategies for selecting the population, location, and method of a research project.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.5 – Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

106. Following the principles of behaviorism, what is most likely to happen to a dog that frequently receives a treat for standing on its hind legs?
a. The dog will soon learn to expect the treat when it sits normally.
b. The dog will perform the hind leg standing behavior very often with the expectation that it will receive a treat most of the time.
c. The dog will disassociate the hind leg standing behavior and begin barking for the treat.
d. The dog will quickly lose its appetite and cease performing the hind leg standing behavior.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.1.5 – Explain the impact of behaviorism in forming the science of psychology.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

107. Gigi goes to college and decides to major in physics. She has studied math and science most of her life, and although she did not expect physics to be her primary path of study, she is satisfied that this is the right choice for her. How might a behaviorist and a humanist differ in their psychological perspectives of Gigi’s decision?
a. The behaviorist might conclude that Gigi has been conditioned by her parents to pursue physics, while the humanist might conclude that Gigi wants to study physics because the prospects for employment are good.
b. The behaviorist might conclude that Gigi receives a certain type of reinforcement from her environment for studying physics, while the humanist might conclude that Gigi wants to fully develop her personal potential as a physicist.
c. The behaviorist might conclude that Gigi harbors repressed desires to solve physics problems, while the humanist might conclude that Gigi simply enjoys studying properties of physics.
d. The behaviorist might conclude that Gigi wishes to fulfill her personal potential as a physicist, while the humanist might conclude that Gigi has previously been rewarded by her parents and teachers for doing physics homework.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.2 – Summarize the behavioral approach to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.4 – Summarize the humanistic approach to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

108. Ricardo has enjoyed eating chocolate chip cookies since he was a small boy. He has always looked forward to eating them. Later in college, when he had become ill with a stomach flu, he ate an entire box of chocolate chip cookies, and then he became nauseated. Based on the principles of behaviorism, which of the following is the most likely outcome of Ricardo’s scenario?
a. He will recover from his sickness and continue to enjoy chocolate chip cookies.
b. He will be very careful in the future to avoid any form of stomach illness.
c. He will associate the chocolate chip cookies with his recovery from the stomach flu, and he will enjoy chocolate chip cookies even more than previously.
d. He will associate the chocolate chip cookies with his nausea, and henceforth chocolate chip cookies will be distasteful to him and make him feel ill.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.2 – Summarize the behavioral approach to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Analyze
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

109. Samantha goes to see her psychologist in order to overcome her cigarette addiction. Although she does not particularly enjoy smoking cigarettes, she finds that she cannot resist the compulsion to smoke in certain situations, most notably when she is socializing with other people who are smoking. Which of the following statements best reflects how a biological perspective of psychology might differ from a sociocultural perspective of psychology to account for Samantha’s smoking behavior?
a. The biological perspective would suggest that Samantha smokes primarily due to a chemical dependency involving the nicotine receptors in her brain, which are triggered in the presence of cigarette smoke; the sociocultural perspective would suggest that Samantha smokes primarily due to the social influence of other smokers in her environment, which powerfully shapes her behavior.
b. The biological perspective would suggest that Samantha smokes due to a physiological dependency to conform to the social norms of her environment; the sociocultural perspective would suggest that the nicotine generated by social smokers triggers an adaptive response in which Samantha smokes in order to be accepted in a group.
c. The biological perspective would suggest that social smoking is an evolutionary adaptation associated with group behavior and communal goals; the sociocultural perspective would suggest that social smoking satisfies her unconscious desire to be accepted in a group.
d. The biological perspective would suggest that a genetic component of Samantha’s metabolism makes it very difficult for her to stop smoking; the sociocultural perspective would suggest that Samantha is merely following a social norm by smoking with a group of other smokers.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.1 – Compare the evolutionary and biological approaches to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.6 – Summarize the sociocultural approaches to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Evaluate
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

110. Professor Chapman is conducting psychological research on learning and memory using laboratory mice as subjects. As part of her experimental design, she administers a drug known to inhibit learning directly into a specific region of the brains of one group of mice, and a placebo into the same region of the brains of another group of mice. She then runs both groups of mice on a maze to see if they can learn the location of a food source. Based on the information in this scenario, you can reasonably infer that Professor Chapman uses which perspective of psychology?
a. The sociocultural perspective
b. The structuralist perspective
c. The biological perspective
d. The humanistic perspective
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.2.1 – Compare the evolutionary and biological approaches to understanding thoughts and behaviors.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.1.2 – Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.
KEYWORDS: Analyze
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

111. Josephine designs an experiment to determine whether tap water or bottled water is best for watering her orchids. She divides her orchids randomly into two groups. The first group receives tap water, and the second group receives bottled water. Josephine gives all plants the same volume of water, and all other conditions for the orchids are identical. Josephine monitors her orchids closely for 12 weeks, and then she observes which group has the most growth. In this scenario, the type of water that Josephine uses is designated as the:
a. dependent variable.
b. independent variable.
c. control group.
d. experimental group.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.5 – Identify independent and dependent variables.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

112. Zoey designs an experiment to determine if she gets better gas mileage in her car using higher grade octane gasoline instead of regular grade octane gasoline. First, she fills up her gas tank to a certain level with regular octane gas and then drives her usual routes around town. She repeats this process three times with the same routes and takes careful note of exactly how many miles her car drives. Then, Zoey fills up her gas tank to the same level with high octane gas and follows the exact same routes, with the same traffic conditions, repeating this process three more times. She takes careful note of exactly how many miles her car drives. At the end of this process, Zoey compares her data and determines that her mileage is slightly better with high-octane gas. In this scenario, the number of miles that her car drives on one tank of gas is designated:
a. a dependent variable.
b. an independent variable.
c. an extraneous variable.
d. an experimental group.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.5 – Identify independent and dependent variables.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

113. Professor Helms teaches two sections of an algebra course at his college. The first section meets early in the morning, and the second section meets later in the afternoon. Professor Helms wishes to observe these two courses to determine if his students perform better in the morning or in the afternoon. Other than the time at which each section meets, the courses are identical in material and in the distribution of students. Given that the course material, homework, and exams are exactly the same, and given that the distribution of students in each course is also the same, Professor Helms decides to look at test scores to see which group scores higher. He notices that the morning class on average performs one-tenth of 1 percent better on exams than the afternoon class. From this observation, Professor Helms concludes that his students do better in the morning. Based on the information in this scenario, what error did Professor Helms make with his conclusion?
a. He did not use random assignment to place his students into different groups.
b. He did not consider the extraneous variables that might affect the performance of his students.
c. He did not use statistical tests to determine if his results were statistically significant.
d. He did not use meta-analysis to determine if his findings were consistent with other studies.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.6 – Explain how statistics are used to describe and draw inferences from data.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

114. Professor Frank designs an experiment to determine if nicotine gum enhances short-term memory. Professor Frank uses random assignment to create two groups of 50 participants. Each participant in his experimental group individually chews a piece of nicotine gum and then takes a brief memory test. Each member of his control group individually takes the same brief memory test without chewing the nicotine gum. Professor Frank analyzes his data and concludes that nicotine gum significantly enhances short-term memory. Based on the information in this scenario, what is the most conspicuous methodological error in Professor Frank’s experiment?
a. Professor Frank does not use a placebo (gum without nicotine) with this control group.
b. Professor Frank does not consider his own researcher bias as someone who enjoys chewing nicotine gum.
c. Professor Frank does not consider the research participant bias among those students who enjoy chewing nicotine gum.
d. Professor Frank does not use a double-blind study.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.4 – Identify effective strategies for selecting the population, location, and method of a research project.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

115. In recent years, many research studies have emerged that claim to investigate whether moderate alcohol consumption can be beneficial to a person’s health or whether moderate alcohol consumption presents more negative effects than positive effects. Using meta-analysis, the research results have been conflicting, and the research results have become more problematic since it was revealed that much of the research was conducted by scientists on the payroll of large corporate alcohol distributors. To remedy the conflicts of interest on behalf of the researchers, and to ensure that the research results are as accurate and scientifically viable as possible, what would be the best course of action on behalf of the research community?
a. All researchers agree to use placebos in their experimental designs.
b. All researchers agree to use single-blind studies to ensure that there is no research participant bias.
c. All researchers agree to run a battery of statistical tests on their results to ensure that all published results are statistically significant and that all conclusions are meaningful.
d. All researchers agree to use double-blind studies as part of their experimental designs.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.4 – Explain the uses of experimental research and the conclusions that can be drawn from it.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Analyze
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

116. Javier plays guitar in a heavy metal band. He decides to conduct an experiment to determine which one of three different guitar solos he can play, on one particular song, that will generate the highest level of audience satisfaction at live performances. Javier has one live performance scheduled every week for the next 30 weeks. He decides to rotate the three guitar solos on this particular song on a random basis, such that over 30 shows, each solo is played 10 times. He decides to measure audience satisfaction by the degree to which audience members rock their heads and shout loudly, as meticulously observed by four of his friends who attend all of the shows. At the end of 30 shows, Javier studies the data provided by his four friends and determines that one guitar solo produces a much greater audience response than the other two solos. Based on this scenario, exactly what is the dependent variable in Javier’s experiment?
a. Which one of three different guitar solos he can play on one particular song
b. The level of audience satisfaction during the guitar solos
c. No dependent variable in this scenario because there is no clear independent variable
d. The level of Javier’s satisfaction playing each of the guitar solos
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.5 – Identify independent and dependent variables.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

117. Professor Williams designs an experiment to determine whether students follow guidelines more effectively with illustrated pictures or with written instructions. Professor Williams decides to use the task of cooking pancakes as the operation that her students must perform for this experiment. She divides her students into two groups of equal number. One group uses illustrated diagrams on how to mix the pancake batter and cook the pancakes, and the other group uses carefully written instructions to do the same. If the independent variable is whether the guidelines are illustrated or written, and if the dependent variable is the degree to which her students follow guidelines effectively in making pancakes, how can Professor Williams control extraneous variables that might affect the outcome of the experiment, such as a student’s familiarity with cooking?
a. Random assignment of students into participant groups
b. A double-blind study to ensure that there is no researcher bias
c. A single-blind study to ensure that there is no research participant bias
d. Statistical analysis to ensure that results are statistically significant and meaningful
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.4 – Identify effective strategies for selecting the population, location, and method of a research project.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

118. Dr. Adams works at a pharmaceutical company and tests new drugs for commercial use. Dr. Adams designs an experiment to test a controversial new drug that supposedly relieves severe pain by blocking pain receptors and releasing endorphins. Her subject group for this experiment consists of volunteers who suffer from chronic back pain. All of her participants are randomly assigned into either an experimental group that receives the drug or a control group that receives a placebo. Given that there are many possible forms of expectation and bias in this scenario, how can Dr. Adams most effectively ensure that the results of the experiment are scientifically viable and meaningful?
a. Perform a battery of statistical tests on the response data to ensure that it is statistically significant.
b. Use a single-blind study as her experimental model.
c. Perform a meta-analysis of her results to ensure that they are consistent with other studies.
d. Use a double-blind study as her experimental model.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: The Psychology Experiment
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.4 – Identify effective strategies for selecting the population, location, and method of a research project.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Evaluate
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

119. Hamid is interested in studying the behavior of nocturnal birds such as owls. He identifies a region of a nearby forest with a small population of owls, and at approximately midnight he goes to the forest with his camera, notebook, and a powerful flashlight. His method of observation is to shine the light on the owls, then photograph them, and then record in his notebook the behavior he notices. Hamid assumes that he is practicing naturalistic observation, because he is observing the owls in their natural environment. Based on this information, what methodological error is Hamid making?
a. Anthropomorphic error
b. Observer effect
c. Observer bias
d. Researcher bias
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.1 – Explain how data are collected in observational research.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

120. Stephanie adores dogs. As part of her animal psychology course, she writes a report about dog behavior. Over the course of the semester, she observes her own dogs and other dogs in various situations and takes note as they exhibit many different kinds of behavior, both individually and in groups. Which of the following statements best illustrates an anthropomorphic error that Stephanie should avoid?
a. Stephanie notes that two dogs, one male and one female, like to sniff each other’s hind regions, which would suggest that they are in love.
b. Stephanie notes that two dogs, one male and one female, bark aggressively at each other and show their teeth to each other, which would suggest that they are threatened by one another.
c. In the course of making observations, Stephanie approaches several dogs and plays with them and then stops, allowing them to continue their previous behavior.
d. In the course of making observations, Stephanie does not find the urinary behavior of dogs relevant or interesting, and so she does not record these behaviors.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.1 – Explain how data are collected in observational research.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

121. In a research study designed to assess the relation between social media activity and interpersonal skill, researchers found a moderate negative correlation between the number of hours participants spend using social media and their interpersonal skill, as measured by a widely used psychological questionnaire and index. In this scenario, how can we best describe the relation between social media use and interpersonal skill?
a. More time spent on social media is associated with better interpersonal skill.
b. Social media causes people to have poor interpersonal skills.
c. More time spent on social media is associated with lower interpersonal skill.
d. A high level of interpersonal skill likely results in more time on social media.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.3 – Explain the uses of correlational research and the conclusions that can be drawn from it.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

122. A team of doctors is interested in studying the genetic components of Alzheimer’s disease. They identify three genetically identical brothers, triplets at age 85, each of whom appears to exhibit symptoms of advanced Alzheimer’s disease. The doctors proceed to gather as much information as possible about the triplets for their research study. Based on this information, the research method used by the doctors can best be described as:
a. a naturalistic observation.
b. an experimental method.
c. a correlational method.
d. a clinical method.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.4 – Identify effective strategies for selecting the population, location, and method of a research project.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

123. Darnell is a musician who plays and studies jazz. He is also a university student. As part of his psychology course, he develops a survey questionnaire to determine how knowledgeable people are about jazz music and also how much cultural importance they attribute to jazz music. He distributes his surveys to as many people as possible at jazz clubs, jazz concerts, and music stores. The results of Darnell’s research suggest that jazz is extremely important to the population and also that most people have a strong knowledge of jazz history. Based on this information, what methodological error does Darnell make with his research?
a. He does not use a representative sample of the population, and hence his research reflects a biased sample.
b. He does not use an Internet survey, and hence the number of people in his sample is too small.
c. He does not take into account the courtesy bias of those responding to his survey, and hence many people answer more affirmatively than they honestly feel.
d. He does not take into account his own researcher bias, and hence his survey encourages people to respond affirmatively when they might not otherwise do so.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.2 – Compare the use of surveys and interviews with case study methods.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

124. Dora is a researcher who is interested in studying the grooming behavior of squirrels. She goes into a forest to observe squirrels in their natural habitat. In order to lure the squirrels into an area visible to her, Dora places a bowl of honey-soaked nuts on a tree branch. Before long, several squirrels approach the bowl of nuts, begin eating, and then appear to groom themselves after handling the honey. Dora sits close to the tree branch and records the grooming behavior she sees. Based on this information, which statement best describes how the observer effect is different from the observer bias?
a. The observer effect describes Dora’s error in offering honey-soaked nuts to the squirrels, which are not natural to their environment; the observer bias describes Dora’s selective documentation of their grooming behavior.
b. The observer effect describes Dora’s error in making herself plainly visible to the squirrels, such that her presence likely affects their behavior; the observer bias describes Dora’s personal affinity for grooming behavior.
c. The observer effect describes Dora’s considerable skill in luring the squirrels to a place where she can see them; the observer bias describes Dora’s affinity for squirrels.
d. The observer effect describes Dora’s error in making herself plainly visible to the squirrels, such that her presence likely affects their behavior; the observer bias describes Dora’s selective documentation of their grooming behavior.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.1 – Explain how data are collected in observational research.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

125. Recent psychological research has found a moderate positive correlation between authoritarian personality type and religiousness. That is, authoritarian personality is mildly associated with religious belief of some kind. However, this relation is not straightforward because some contrasting personality types also show a mild positive correlation with religiousness. Researchers speculate that a myriad of other correlations between authoritarian personality and religiousness are in play. Which of the following statements best accounts for this complex relation?
a. Authoritarian personality is positively correlated with obedience to authority and conventional beliefs about right and wrong, both of which are also positively correlated with religiousness.
b. Authoritarian personality is positively correlated with a belief in aggression toward those who do not agree with conventional thinking.
c. Authoritarian personality is associated with a need for strong leadership, which can be attributed to belief in a god.
d. Authoritarian personality is associated with a negative view of people in general, which engenders the moral codes offered by religious doctrine.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.7 – Explain how conclusions are drawn from research.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.3 – Explain the uses of correlational research and the conclusions that can be drawn from it.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.4 – Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
KEYWORDS: Analyze
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

126. Jennifer and Eugene become interested in a legal case involving the basketball coach at their university. It seems that the basketball coach was involved in a scandal of an unknown nature, and because of his questionable status with regard to this scandal, the school administration decided to dismiss him from his position. Jennifer and Eugene would like to know more about the campus climate regarding this issue involving the basketball coach. Jennifer and Eugene each develop a survey that asks several questions about the matter and about the actions of the university administration. Jennifer decides to distribute her survey to a sample population of students, faculty, and staff, although she decides to carefully screen out all student athletes from the survey in order to eliminate researcher participation bias. Eugene decides to distribute his survey to only a random sampling of students and not to any faculty or staff. Based on the information in this scenario, which research study is more scientifically viable as a measure of campus climate?
a. Jennifer’s study is more scientifically viable because she includes all members of the campus (students, faculty, and staff) rather than just students, and hence she avoids using a biased population.
b. Jennifer’s study is more scientifically viable because she eliminates the student athletes from her survey, who might have a biased opinion on the matter.
c. Eugene’s study is more scientifically viable because his research participants constitute a representative sample; however, his results are limited only to students.
d. Neither Jennifer’s study nor Eugene’s study is scientifically viable because both researchers make significant methodological errors in designating their population samples, and hence neither study presents an accurate measure of campus opinion.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology: Nonexperimental Research Methods
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.4 – Identify effective strategies for selecting the population, location, and method of a research project.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.1 – Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.
KEYWORDS: Analyze
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

127. Sally is writing a research report on the subject of forgiveness and reconciliation for her psychology class. In the process of gathering information, she finds many websites from nonprofit organizations containing information that she believes to be useful. These websites offer information that she considers more straightforward and comprehensible than information offered by scholarly books on the psychology of forgiveness and reconciliation. She therefore bases her report thesis on the information provided by the nonprofit organizations, and she disregards the scholarly work of psychologists. Based on this information, which of the following statements best describes why Sally’s research report might be problematic?
a. Nonprofit organizations are most often commercial businesses, and hence the information they provide will likely be trying to sell a product.
b. Nonprofit organizations are most often associated with political lobbying groups, and hence the information they provide will likely have a biased agenda.
c. Nonprofit organizations are likely to publish information that supports their mission statement or ideological cause, and hence the information on their websites is likely to be carefully selected and not as likely to be peer-reviewed, objective, or scientific.
d. Nonprofit organizations are not likely to conduct research experiments with a control group, and hence information on their websites is not scientifically viable.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology Skills in Action: Information Literacy
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.2 – Identify research that uses the scientific method.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.5 – Identify appropriate sources for empirical studies.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.2 – Demonstrate psychology information literacy.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

128. Alejandro is interested in becoming a pharmacist. In college, he studies biology and chemistry with the intent to pursue a career in pharmacology. As he learns more about drugs and their effects, he discovers that most new drugs do not have numerous accessible clinical trials or research studies to determine their effectiveness or side effects. Instead, Alejandro notices that many pharmaceutical companies publish their own findings based on their internal research studies, which are not available for review. Based on this information, which of the following statements best describes how Alejandro can find reliable information to ensure that new drugs are safe and effective?
a. Alejandro should look for research studies only on university websites with the URL extension .edu, because only these websites will contain unbiased scientific research experiments conducted by credentialed researchers.
b. Alejandro should seek publications that appear in professional and scholarly databases, he should look closely at the claims made by research studies to determine if the conclusions are valid, and he should check to see if research experiments use control groups with placebos.
c. Alejandro should look only for studies that incorporate meta-analysis to ensure that research findings are consistent.
d. Alejandro should contact directly the pharmaceutical companies that produce new drugs in order to see firsthand how they conduct their research.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology Skills in Action: Information Literacy
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.2 – Identify research that uses the scientific method.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.8 – Identify limitations of the findings and/or conclusions in a research project.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.2 – Demonstrate psychology information literacy.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

129. Mandy is interested in adopting a dog, but she is unsure what breed of dog would be the best match for her. She does some online searching for information about dog breeds and finds a website devoted to the Pomeranian breed. This website makes the claim that Pomeranians are the best match for all types of people, because Pomeranians provide excellent companionship, they are eager to maintain a compassionate and trusting relationship with their owner, they enjoy playing games such as chase and fetch, and with proper care, they can live for 10 years or more. Based on this information, which of the following statements best describes what is wrong with these claims?
a. Pomeranians are not compassionate and trusting.
b. Pomeranians do not enjoy playing chase and fetch.
c. The claims confuse correlation for causation, because the correlation of Pomeranians associated with playing chase and fetch does not necessarily cause them to be good companions.
d. Most, if not all, dogs can satisfy the conditions for these claims, which are oversimplifications as to the specificity of Pomeranians.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology Skills in Action: Information Literacy
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.8 – Identify limitations of the findings and/or conclusions in a research project.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.5 – Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry.
KEYWORDS: Apply
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM

130. Francesca studies environmental science as a university student. She is concerned about global warming, and she decides to write a research paper discussing the scientific basis for global warming. In the course of gathering information, Francesca finds volumes of information that provide a scientific basis for how global warming has become manifest, but to her surprise, she also finds considerable volumes of information that provide a scientific basis for how the earth naturally has cycles of warming and cooling, such that a certain degree of warming is predictable and natural, and perfectly consistent with geological patterns over time. To make matters more confusing, she finds a considerable volume of information that seeks to disprove global warming, some of which appears scientific, and some of which does not. Based on this information, which of the following statements most accurately describes Francesca’s best course of action in order to discern what information to use for her research paper?
a. Francesca should filter all of her information by source so that only research studies from scholarly domains would be considered.
b. Francesca should expand her research slightly to accommodate the scientific finding that the earth naturally undergoes phases of climate change and then, with this background established, proceed by carefully reviewing each research study with critical attention to its source, methods, claims, and theoretical orientation.
c. Francesca should survey the major news media in order to determine the general consensus about global warming, with particular attention to policy makers and government agencies.
d. Francesca should limit her research topic significantly to focus only on media representations of global warming, such that her research paper becomes feasible and manageable.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Introducing Psychology Skills in Action: Information Literacy
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.2 – Identify research that uses the scientific method.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.3.3 – Identify research questions and hypotheses.
Universal.Intro.Psych.LO.1.4.4 – Explain the uses of experimental research and the conclusions that can be drawn from it.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States – APA.2.2 – Demonstrate psychology information literacy.
KEYWORDS: Analyze
DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 7:29 AM