Psychology Themes and Variations Briefer Edition International Edition 8th Edition by Wayne Weiten - Test Bank

Psychology Themes and Variations Briefer Edition International Edition 8th Edition by Wayne Weiten – Test Bank

 

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Chapter 5 Variations in Consciousness

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The awareness of internal and external stimuli defines

a.	wakefulness.
b.	the unconscious.
c.	consciousness.
d.	alertness.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 151            OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

2. The personal awareness you have of both internal and external stimuli, and your thoughts concerning those stimuli, comprise your

a.	attention.
b.	unconsciousness.
c.	consciousness.
d.	alertness.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 151            OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

3. Consciousness includes awareness of

a.	external events only.
b.	internal sensations only.
c.	self only.
d.	external events, internal sensations, and self.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 151            OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

4. Consciousness includes awareness of all of the following EXCEPT

a.	external events.
b.	internal sensations.
c.	dreams.
d.	self.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 151-152     OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

5. Mind wandering is likely to occur during all of the following states EXCEPT

a.	anxious.
b.	excited.
c.	tired.
d.	bored.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.1                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

6. William James proposed the concept ____ to describe the continually changing aspect of consciousness.

a.	circadian consciousness
b.	flow of consciousness
c.	stream of unconsciousness
d.	stream of consciousness

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

7. What did William James mean by his term “the stream of consciousness”?

a.	consciousness always remains at the same level
b.	consciousness never stops
c.	consciousness is always changing
d.	consciousness is beyond personal control

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

8. If you could tape-record your thoughts, you would find

a.	a system of hierarchically organized cognitions.
b.	one central thought and multiple, related subsidiary thoughts.
c.	an endless flow of ideas that constantly shifts and changes.
d.	an organized system of parallel thoughts.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

9. According to Sigmund Freud, conscious and unconscious processes are different

a.	levels of reality.
b.	levels of awareness.
c.	streams of awareness.
d.	streams of consciousness.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

10. Which of the following is NOT a plausible explanation for the evolution of consciousness?

a.	allowed for forethought and planning
b.	allowed for planning of actions based on expected consequences
c.	facilitated trial and error learning
d.	facilitated finding food and avoiding predators

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.1                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Conceptual/Applied

 

11. Which brain wave is probably operating while you are taking this exam?

a.	alpha
b.	beta
c.	theta
d.	delta

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 152-153     OBJ:   5.2                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

12. The four basic EEG patterns are

a.	alpha, beta, gamma, delta.
b.	beta, theta, omega, gamma.
c.	theta, delta, beta, omega.
d.	alpha, beta, theta, delta.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.2                 TOP:   WWW

KEY:  Factual

 

 

13. The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is

a.	gamma.
b.	beta.
c.	alpha.
d.	delta.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 152-153     OBJ:   5.2                 KEY:  Factual

 

14. Which of the following techniques is used MOST often to measure the relationship between consciousness and activity in the brain?

a.	PET
b.	EEG
c.	MRI
d.	fMRI

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.2                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

15. EEG summarizes what aspect of brain activity?

a.	duration
b.	rhythm
c.	intensity
d.	none of these

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.2                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

16. Brainwaves vary in terms of all of the following features EXCEPT

a.	amplitude.
b.	frequency.
c.	CPS.
d.	length.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.2                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

17. Brainwaves that have a frequency of less than 4 cps are referred to as

a.	delta.
b.	theta.
c.	alpha.
d.	beta.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.2                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

18. The Cicada’s ability to burrow up from the ground when exactly 17 years have past illustrates the amazing feat performed by the

a.	circadian rhythm.
b.	subconscious.
c.	alpha waves.
d.	internal biological clock.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 153            OBJ:   5.3                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

19. Circadian rhythms have been shown to influence all of the following EXCEPT

a.	cognitive performance on tasks requiring alertness and short-term memory.
b.	emotional experiences such as feelings of happiness and sadness.
c.	sleep.
d.	physical functions such as body temperature and urine production.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 153            OBJ:   5.3                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

20. The circadian rhythm operates around a:

a.	1-year cycle.
b.	28-day cycle.
c.	24-hour cycle.
d.	90-minute cycle.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 153            OBJ:   5.3                 KEY:  Factual

 

21. According to recent research, we are most likely to fall asleep

a.	as our body temperature begins to drop.
b.	when it gets dark.
c.	when our body temperature stabilizes at normal.
d.	as our body temperature begins to climb.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 153            OBJ:   5.3                 KEY:  Factual

 

22. People generally fall asleep as their body temperature ____ and awaken as it ____.

a.	becomes stable; starts to fluctuate
b.	starts to fluctuate; becomes stable
c.	begins to drop; begins to increase
d.	begins to increase; begins to drop

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 153            OBJ:   5.3                 KEY:  Factual

 

23. Circadian rhythms are biological cycles that are

a.	90 minutes in length.
b.	24 hours in length.
c.	on a monthly cycle.
d.	on a seasonal cycle.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 153            OBJ:   5.3                 KEY:  Factual

 

24. The twenty-four hour biological cycles found in humans and other species are known as

a.	unconscious processes.
b.	circadian rhythms.
c.	biological rhythms.
d.	beta rhythms.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 153            OBJ:   5.3                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

25. In general, research into circadian rhythms has found that overall level of alertness and body temperature are

a.	negatively correlated.
b.	positively correlated in females and negatively correlated in males.
c.	positively correlated in males and negatively correlated in females.
d.	positively correlated.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 153            OBJ:   5.3                 KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

26. Signals sent from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the pineal gland have been implicated in

a.	inducing sleep.
b.	causing one to dream.
c.	alpha rhythm generation.
d.	resetting circadian rhythms.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 153            OBJ:   5.3                 KEY:  Factual

 

27. Research has shown that people who work on a rotating shift schedule are ____ to have accidents and be ____ productive than people who do not work on a rotating shift schedule.

a.	more apt; just as
b.	less apt; less
c.	less apt; more
d.	more apt; less

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 154            OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Factual

 

28. Compared to employees who have set work schedules, employees who work rotating shifts get ____ sleep and ____ quality sleep.

a.	more; poorer
b.	more; higher
c.	less; poorer
d.	less; higher

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 154            OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Factual

 

29. What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?

a.	amount of time spent sleeping
b.	amount of time spent awake
c.	cultural practices
d.	exposure to light

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 153            OBJ:   5.3                 KEY:  Factual

 

30. How long does it typically take a person to readjust her biological clock after experiencing jet lag?

a.	one day for each time zone crossed when flying east, and 2/3 of a day for each time zone crossed when flying west
b.	2/3 of a day for each time zone crossed when flying east, and one day per time zone crossed when flying west
c.	one day per time zone crossed
d.	2/3 of a day for each time zone crossed

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 154            OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Factual

 

31. Gunther is a news anchor who just flew east from San Diego to Paris, crossing eight time zones. Based on what is known about jet lag, Gunther will most likely

a.	take about four days to adjust to the new time zone.
b.	take 48 hours to adjust to the new time zone.
c.	not experience any jet lag because he has flown west to east.
d.	take just over a week to adjust to the new time zone.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 154            OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

32. Which stage of sleep is characterized as a brief transitional stage during which theta waves are prominent?

a.	stage 1
b.	stage 2
c.	stage 4
d.	REM

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 156            OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

33. Stage 1 sleep is represented by EEG brain-wave patterns referred to as

a.	alpha waves.
b.	REM waves.
c.	theta waves.
d.	zeta waves.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 156            OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

34. A light, transitional sleep stage lasting 10-12 minutes is

a.	stage 1.
b.	stage 2.
c.	stage 3.
d.	stage 4.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 156            OBJ:   5.5                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

35. As a person falls into deeper sleep, his pattern of brain wave activity becomes both ____ in frequency and ____ in amplitude.

a.	slower; higher
b.	faster; higher
c.	slower; lower
d.	faster; lower

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 156            OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

36. Rebecca is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab. As the researcher watches the printout from the EEG, delta waves appear. Based on this information, the researcher can conclude that Rebecca

a.	has just entered stage 1 sleep.
b.	is still awake, but is relaxed and drowsy.
c.	is currently in REM sleep.
d.	has just entered stage 3 sleep.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 156            OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

37. Peter is in a deep sleep and his brain wave pattern consists of low frequency delta waves. Peter is experiencing which stage of sleep?

a.	REM
b.	stage 3 or 4
c.	stage 1
d.	stage 2

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 156            OBJ:   5.5                 TOP:   WWW

KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

38. Sleep stages 3 and 4 are referred to as

a.	low amplitude sleep.
b.	high amplitude sleep.
c.	slow-wave sleep.
d.	fast-wave sleep.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 156            OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

39. Sleep spindles, which appear against a background of mixed, mostly lower frequency EEG activity, are characteristic of

a.	stage 1 sleep.
b.	stage 2 sleep.
c.	stage 4 sleep.
d.	REM sleep..

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 156            OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

40. NREM sleep consists of which stages of sleep?

a.	stages 1 and 2
b.	stages 1, 2 and 3
c.	stages 3 and 4
d.	stages 1, 2, 3, and 4

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 156            OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

41. Bailey is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab. She has been asleep for just over an hour now, and her EEG is showing low amplitude, irregular brain wave patterns. Her breathing and pulse rate are irregular, and her eyes are darting back and forth beneath her closed eyelids. The researcher who is monitoring Bailey’s sleep can conclude that Bailey

a.	has just entered REM sleep.
b.	has just entered stage 4 sleep.
c.	is experiencing sleep anoxia and needs immediate medical attention.
d.	suffers from a sleep disorder.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 156-157     OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

42. REM sleep is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

a.	minimal bodily movement.
b.	regular breathing and pulse rate.
c.	beta waves.
d.	dreaming.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 156-157     OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

43. Which of the following is a characteristic of REM sleep?

a.	rapid  eye movements
b.	regular breathing and pulse rate
c.	unstable EEG activity
d.	relatively little dreaming

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 157            OBJ:   5.5                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

44. Dreaming is typically associated with

a.	REM sleep.
b.	stage 1 sleep.
c.	stage 2 sleep.
d.	stage 4 sleep.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 156-157     OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

45. The brain wave pattern of a person in ____ sleep resembles the brain wave pattern observed when the individual is awake and alert.

a.	stage 1
b.	stage 4
c.	REM
d.	NREM

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 156-157     OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

46. REM periods of sleep tend to ____ as the night goes on.

a.	deepen
b.	lighten
c.	shorten
d.	lengthen

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 156-157     OBJ:   5.5                 TOP:   WWW

KEY:  Factual

 

47. The paradox concerning REM sleep is while

a.	it is a deep sleep, the person is easy to awaken.
b.	it is a deep sleep, the brain wave pattern resembles the pattern of an alert and awake individual.
c.	the person is dreaming, the brain wave pattern resembles that of an awake and relaxed individual.
d.	the person is dreaming, his muscles are practically paralyzed.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 157            OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

48. A person typically has ____ sleep cycles during the course of a night’s sleep.

a.	one
b.	two
c.	four
d.	six

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 157            OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

 

49. The most vivid dreams generally occur

a.	during REM sleep.
b.	during NREM sleep.
c.	during the early hours of sleep.
d.	when alpha brain waves are present.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 156            OBJ:   5.5                 TOP:   Study Guide

KEY:  Factual

 

50. Compared to young adults, infants sleep for a ____ period of time each day and spend a ____ proportion of their total sleep time in REM sleep.

a.	longer; smaller
b.	longer; larger
c.	shorter; larger
d.	shorter; smaller

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 158-159     OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Factual

 

51. During adulthood, there is a gradual decline in the proportion of

a.	stage 1 sleep.
b.	stage 2 sleep.
c.	slow-wave sleep.
d.	all stages of NREM sleep.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 158-159     OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Factual

 

52. As adults age, the proportion of sleep time they spend in slow-wave sleep ____ while the proportion of time spent in REM sleep ____.

a.	remains stable; decreases
b.	decreases; remains stable
c.	increases; decreases
d.	decreases; increases

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 158-159     OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Factual

 

53. Charlene is 12, and her elderly aunt has come for a visit. The aunt is using the spare bed in Charlene’s room. Several times during the night, the aunt awakens briefly, and then falls back to sleep. Charlene doesn’t awaken at all during the night. This difference in sleep patterns can best be explained by research that shows

a.	during adulthood the proportion of REM sleep gradually declines.
b.	during adulthood the proportion of slow-wave sleep increases significantly.
c.	the elderly are more affected by jet lag and shifts in their circadian rhythm.
d.	during adulthood the proportion of slow-wave sleep gradually declines.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 158-159     OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

54. Riley is happy this morning because Jennifer, his four-month-old infant, finally slept through the night for the first time. If EEG recordings were available for both Riley and Jennifer, a comparison would show

a.	that Jennifer only spent half as much time in REM sleep.
b.	that both Riley and Jennifer spent the same proportion of time in REM sleep.
c.	most of Jennifer’s REM sleep occurred just after she had fallen asleep, and most of Riley’s REM sleep occurred just before he awakened.
d.	that Jennifer spent more than twice as much time in REM sleep.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 158-159     OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

55. Which of the following statements about co-sleeping (i.e., parents and children sleeping together) is NOT accurate?

a.	co-sleeping is widely accepted in Japanese culture
b.	co-sleeping is actively encouraged in most Western societies
c.	American parents generally teach their children to sleep alone
d.	around the world as a whole, co-sleeping is the norm rather than the exception

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 160            OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

56. Which of the following statements about cultural differences in sleep is NOT accurate?

a.	cultural differences in sleep are generally limited to things like sleeping arrangements and napping customs
b.	co-sleeping is actively encouraged in most Western societies
c.	one to two hour midday naps are found mostly in tropical regions of the world
d.	around the world as a whole, co-sleeping is the norm rather than the exception

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 160            OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

57. Siesta cultures tend to be MOST common in societies

a.	that also practice co-sleeping.
b.	that are industrialized.
c.	located in tropical regions.
d.	that are nomadic.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 160            OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Factual

 

58. The midday napping practices of “siesta cultures” are adaptive because the siesta allows individuals

a.	a necessary break from their extremely physical labor.
b.	to sleep at the same time as their young infants.
c.	time to digest their large midday meal.
d.	to avoid working during the hottest part of the day.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 160            OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Factual

 

59. Which of the following statements does NOT represent a current hypothesis on the evolutionary bases of sleep?

a.	sleep helps restore energy and other body resources depleted by waking activities
b.	the immobilization associated with sleep reduces exposure to predators and other dangers
c.	sleep allows us to live out our unconscious wishes and desires
d.	sleep evolved to help maintain a constant, high body temperature by metabolic means

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 160            OBJ:   5.6                 TOP:   WWW

KEY:  Factual

 

60. The hypothesis concerning the evolutionary bases of sleep that has the strongest support suggests that sleep evolved to help individuals

a.	reduce exposure to predators.
b.	conserve energy.
c.	reduce the risk of accidents during the night part of the day-night cycle.
d.	restore energy and other bodily resources.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 160            OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Factual

 

61. Which of the following has NOT been suggested as a hypothesis concerning the evolutionary bases of sleep?

a.	to reduce exposure to predators
b.	to conserve energy
c.	to reduce the risk of accidents during the night part of the day-night cycle
d.	to restore energy and other bodily resources

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 160            OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

62. Individuals with partial sleep deprivation or sleep restriction experience

a.	impaired attention.
b.	impaired motor coordination.
c.	impaired decision-making.
d.	impaired attention, motor coordination, and decision-making.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 161            OBJ:   5.7                 KEY:  Factual

 

63. Recent evidence on the effects of sleep deprivation suggests all of the following EXCEPT that loss of sleep

a.	is not as detrimental as was once thought.
b.	undermines efficiency at work.
c.	may also have a negative impact on immune system functioning.
d.	can impair an individual’s attention and reaction time.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 161            OBJ:   5.7                 TOP:   WWW

KEY:  Factual

 

64. All of the following are impacted by sleep deprivation EXCEPT

a.	motor coordination.
b.	endocrine system.
c.	personality.
d.	immune system.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 161            OBJ:   5.7                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

65. Amy feels ill and is experiencing poor motor coordination, in addition to poor decision-making and attention. She is likely suffering from

a.	ADD.
b.	hypnosis.
c.	sleep walking.
d.	sleep deprivation.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 161            OBJ:   5.7                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Conceptual/Applied

 

66. For the past month Mitchell has had difficulty falling asleep at night. Even though he goes to bed at his usual time, he lays awake for several hours before he finally drifts off to sleep. As a result, Mitchell has only been getting five to six hours of sleep, instead of the eight hours he is used to. Mitchell is likely to find that his lack of sleep leads to

a.	increased ability to solve complex problems.
b.	impaired attention, especially on monotonous tasks.
c.	hallucinations and general disorientation.
d.	night terrors when he actually does fall asleep.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 160            OBJ:   5.7                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

67. Roughly what percentage of motor vehicle accidents has sleepiness as a contributing factor?

a.	10%
b.	>5%
c.	20%
d.	31%

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 161            OBJ:   5.7                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

68. While serving as a subject in a laboratory sleep study for several nights, Steve was awakened whenever he entered REM sleep. It is MOST accurate to state that Steve was in a study designed to examine the effects of

a.	selective deprivation.
b.	sleep deprivation.
c.	sleep restriction.
d.	selective interruption.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 161            OBJ:   5.7                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

69. After being deprived of REM sleep for several days, when first allowed uninterrupted sleep people tend to spend additional time in REM sleep. This increase in REM sleep is called the

a.	catch-up effect.
b.	rebound effect.
c.	dream-rebound effect.
d.	dream effect.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 161            OBJ:   5.7                 KEY:  Factual

 

70. Over the course of several nights Jack is selectively deprived of REM sleep and Jill deprived of slow-wave sleep. Which of the following BEST describes their pattern of sleeping when first allowed uninterrupted sleep?

a.	Jack will show increased REM sleep and Jill will show increased slow-wave sleep
b.	Jack will show increased REM sleep and Jill will show increased REM sleep
c.	Jack will show increased REM sleep and Jill will show no change in REM or slow-wave sleep
d.	Jack will show decreased REM sleep and Jill will show decreased slow-wave sleep

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 161            OBJ:   5.7                 KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

 

71. Results from a variety of selective deprivation sleep studies have shown that people have a specific need for

a.	at least four hours of sleep each night.
b.	slow-wave sleep.
c.	REM sleep.
d.	REM and slow-wave sleep.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 161            OBJ:   5.7                 KEY:  Factual

 

72. The possible theory as to why humans need REM and slow wave sleep focuses on the possibility that they contribute to

a.	keeping the individual safe from predators.
b.	the firming up of the learning that took place during that day.
c.	impairing the individuals creative response.
d.	helping the individual keep their body temperature low.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 161-162     OBJ:   5.7                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

73. Reduced REM and slow-wave sleep negatively impact performance on _______ and _______ tasks.

a.	memory, learning
b.	reflex, memory
c.	reflex, learning
d.	motor, memory

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 161            OBJ:   5.7                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

74. Shortened sleep duration has been linked to a heightened vulnerability for a variety of diseases. This means that sleep duration and these health risks are

a.	positively correlated.
b.	negatively correlated.
c.	uncorrelated.
d.	confounded variables.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 162            OBJ:   5.8                 KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

75. Which of the following is NOT a health risk exacerbated by lack of sleep?

a.	diabetes
b.	coronary disease
c.	vitamin deficiency
d.	hypertension

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 162            OBJ:   5.8                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

76. Insomnia is BEST defined as referring to

a.	chronic difficulties in remaining asleep.
b.	chronic difficulties in falling asleep.
c.	chronic problems in getting adequate sleep.
d.	occasional problems in getting adequate sleep.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 162            OBJ:   5.9                 KEY:  Factual

 

 

77. Matthew has persistent early-morning awakening from sleep. He is MOST likely

a.	a hypersomniac.
b.	an insomniac.
c.	a somnambulist.
d.	a phototrapist.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 162            OBJ:   5.9                 TOP:   WWW

KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

78. The MOST common known sleep disorder is

a.	sleep apnea.
b.	night terrors.
c.	insomnia.
d.	somnambulism.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 162            OBJ:   5.9                 KEY:  Factual

 

79. Matthew often wakes up and wanders around the house in his sleep, usually during the first three hours of the night or so. He is MOST likely

a.	a hypersomniac.
b.	an insomniac.
c.	a somnambulist.
d.	a phototrapist.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 162            OBJ:   5.9                 TOP:   WWW

KEY:  oncept/Applied

 

80. All of the following are drugs used to treat insomnia EXEPT

a.	restoril.
b.	sonata.
c.	lunesta.
d.	thorazine.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 163            OBJ:   5.9                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

81. A disease marked by sudden and irresistible onset of sleep during normal waking hours is

a.	reverse insomnia.
b.	somnambulism.
c.	sleep apnea.
d.	narcolepsy.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 163            OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Factual

 

82. Valerie has episodes in which she experiences a sudden and irresistible urge to sleep during normal waking periods. Valerie MOST likely suffers from

a.	narcolepsy.
b.	hypersomnia.
c.	cretinism.
d.	a lack of REM rebound.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 163            OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

83. Martin wakes up hundreds of times each night gasping for air. He suffers from

a.	sleep apnea.
b.	respiratory deficiency.
c.	insomnia.
d.	narcolepsy.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 163            OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Factual

 

84. Which of the following has been used with modest success in the treatment of narcolepsy?

a.	group therapy
b.	behavioral therapy
c.	sedative drugs
d.	stimulant drugs

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 163            OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Factual

 

85. Sleep apnea is characterized by

a.	a sudden, irresistible urge to sleep during normal waking hours.
b.	a reflexive gasping for air during sleep.
c.	an extremely low rate of REM.
d.	night terrors.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 163-164     OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Factual

 

86. Nathaniel’s wife cannot sleep through the night. She claims that her husband seems to stop breathing in his sleep and then suddenly jerks awake, gasping for breath. This not only disturbs his sleep, it also awakens her. It is likely that Nathaniel

a.	has narcolepsy.
b.	is experiencing night terrors.
c.	has sleep apnea.
d.	has developed pseudoinsomnia.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 163-164     OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

87. Stephen wanders about while remaining asleep. Stephen’s condition is called

a.	narcology.
b.	sleep tremors.
c.	somnambulism.
d.	agnosia.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 164            OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

88. Sleepwalking is MOST likely to occur

a.	when a person has emotional or psychological problems.
b.	after a person has been asleep for several hours.
c.	during slow-wave sleep.
d.	during REM sleep.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 164            OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Factual

 

 

89. Which of the following statements regarding sleepwalking is MOST accurate?

a.	sleepwalking is generally a manifestation of underlying psychological problems
b.	it is unsafe to awaken a sleepwalker
c.	sleepwalking typically occurs while the person is dreaming
d.	there appears to be a genetic predisposition to sleepwalking

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 164            OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Factual

 

90. Research concerning the content of dreams has shown that MOST dreams are

a.	about relatively normal activities.
b.	best described as nightmares.
c.	about strangers.
d.	about participating in or observing unusual activities.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 165            OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Factual

 

91. Which of the following statements about dreams is NOT accurate?

a.	dreams only occur during REM sleep
b.	dreams have sometimes changed the world
c.	dreams are not as bizarre as widely assumed
d.	dreamers sometimes realize that they are dreaming

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 165            OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Factual

 

92. Which of the following is NOT a common theme of dreams?

a.	aggression
b.	current events
c.	sex
d.	conflict

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 165            OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Factual

 

93. According to research evidence on dream content, which of the following would a student be LEAST likely to dream about?

a.	falling from the top of a tall building on campus
b.	being chased by his or her most feared instructor
c.	a political candidate who held strong views about tuition increases
d.	missing an important exam

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 165-166     OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

94. The notion of day residue was first proposed by

a.	Rosalind Cartwright.
b.	J. Allan Hobson.
c.	Sigmund Freud.
d.	Roy Baumeister.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

95. The content of MOST dreams is usually

a.	mundane.
b.	exotic.
c.	exciting.
d.	erotic.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 165            OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Factual

 

96. Freud called the contents of our waking life that spill into our dreams

a.	the day residue.
b.	manifest content.
c.	reticular synthesis.
d.	wish fulfillment.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.11               TOP:   WWW

KEY:  Factual

 

97. As Kayla gets ready for bed her husband tells her not to worry about the job interview she has scheduled for the morning. Based on the results of recent studies on dream content what is MOST likely to be the content of Kayla’s dreams?

a.	she is likely to dream about sex with her husband
b.	she is likely to dream about her children
c.	she is likely to dream about her health concerns
d.	she is likely to dream about the job interview

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 165            OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

98. The MOST prevalent dream content is

a.	falling.
b.	that a person now dead is alive again.
c.	being chased.
d.	being half-awake and paralyzed in bed.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 165            OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

99. Cultures ____ dreaming.

a.	vary in the significance they place on
b.	are very similar in the significance they place on
c.	vary in the proportion of sleep time they spend
d.	vary in the total amount of sleep time they spend

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.12               KEY:  Factual

 

100. In which culture would people be held responsible for their dream actions; for example an erotic dream about someone could be seen as an adulterous act?

a.	Marakesh of Morocco
b.	Aborigines of Australia
c.	Arapesh of New Guinea
d.	Parintinin of Brazil

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.12               KEY:  Factual

 

 

101. Which of the following statements is NOT correct in describing cultural differences concerning dreams?

a.	some non-Western cultures view dreams as permitting communication with ancestors
b.	individuals in many non-Western cultures tend to have poorer recall of dreams than individuals in Western cultures
c.	many Western cultures view dreams as of little significance
d.	many non-Western cultures view dreams as an important source of information

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.12               KEY:  Factual

 

102. Which of the following statements about culture and dreams is LEAST accurate?

a.	some basic dream themes appear to be nearly universal across cultures
b.	people in Western societies tend to recall their dreams vividly
c.	in many cultures, dreams are seen as a window into the spiritual world
d.	in Western cultures, dreams are largely considered insignificant

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.12               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

103. Freud theorized that dreams

a.	provide a window to the conscious mind.
b.	provide a practical approach to problem-solving.
c.	reflect wish fulfillment.
d.	reflect reality.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Factual

 

104. The theorist who advanced the wish-fulfillment idea about dreaming was

a.	Cartwright.
b.	Hobson.
c.	McCarley.
d.	Freud.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Factual

 

105. The use of dreams to satisfy ungratified needs is referred to as

a.	id idealization.
b.	self-centeredness.
c.	wish fulfillment.
d.	sublimation.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.13               TOP:   WWW

KEY:  Factual

 

106. If a college student who is struggling to keep from flunking out of school dreams of winning the “student of the year award,” this dream would be MOST consistent with which theory of dreaming?

a.	fantasy
b.	activation-synthesis
c.	wish fulfillment
d.	problem-solving

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

107. The theorist who advanced the cogngtive, problem-solving view of dreaming was

a.	Cartwright
b.	Hobson
c.	McCarley
d.	Freud

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 167            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Factual

 

108. According to Freud, a sexually frustrated person would probably have highly erotic dreams because, according to him, the principal purpose of a dream is

a.	sexual gratification.
b.	conflict resolution.
c.	wish-fulfillment.
d.	the repression of unconscious desires.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

109. Cartwright theorized that dreams

a.	provide a window to the conscious mind
b.	provide a practical approach to problem-solving
c.	reflect wish fulfillment
d.	reflect reality

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Factual

 

110. Denise is unemployed. Over the past three years she has been fired from 10 different positions. If you interpreted Denise’s dream of being the CEO of a Fortune 500 company as an attempt for Denise to fulfill ungratified needs from her waking life, you would be subscribing to the

a.	problem-solving theory of dreams.
b.	activation-synthesis theory of dreams.
c.	wish-fulfillment theory of dreams.
d.	neural overflow hypothesis of dreams.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

111. The use of dreams to allow people to engage in creative thinking about pressing personal issues is the claim of which theory of dreaming?

a.	problem-solving theory of dreams
b.	activation-synthesis theory of dreams
c.	wish-fulfillment theory of dreams
d.	neural overflow hypothesis of dreams

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 167            OBJ:   5.13               TOP:   WWW

KEY:  Factual

 

112. If you interpreted Peter’s dream of arguing with a larger-than-life faceless authority figure as an attempt on his part to decide which approach to take in convincing his father of the merits of his future plans, you would be subscribing to the

a.	problem-solving theory of dreams.
b.	activation-synthesis theory of dreams.
c.	wish-fulfillment theory of dreams.
d.	neural overflow hypothesis of dreams.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 167            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

113. The idea that dreams are times when people can think creatively about what is going on in their lives and then use that information later when awake is consistent with the

a.	wish fulfillment view of dreams.
b.	problem-solving view of dreams.
c.	synergistic view of dreams.
d.	James-Verduin view of dreams.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 167            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

114. Logan has a dream in which he is taken captive by a band of talking cats who force him to solve complex algebra problems for them. According to Rosalind Cartwright’s cognitive theory of dreaming, the images in Logan’s dream represent

a.	an interpretation of random neuron activity in lower brain centers.
b.	the manifest content of the dream.
c.	an attempt to work through problems he is currently experiencing in his life.
d.	the latent content of the dream.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 167            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

115. The idea that dreams are the cortex’s attempt to make sense out of bursts of general firing from lower brain centers is the core of

a.	the wish-fulfillment theory of dreaming.
b.	the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming.
c.	the problem-solving theory of dreaming
d.	no current theory of dreaming.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 167            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

116. Danielle had a dream in which she was playing rummy with an elephant wearing suspenders. The next instant, the elephant had changed into one of her grade school teachers and they were watching a purple sunset over a red ocean. According to the activation synthesis model of dreaming, the sudden bizarre changes in settings that took place in Danielle’s dream represent

a.	an interpretation of random neuron activity in lower brain centers.
b.	the manifest content of the dream.
c.	the latent content of the dream.
d.	an attempt to work through problems she is currently experiencing in her life.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 167            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

117. The idea that dreams are times when people can think creatively about what is going on in their lives and then use that information later when awake is consistent with _________ view of dreams.

a.	Freud’s
b.	Cartwright’s
c.	Hobson and McCarley’s
d.	Dement’s

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 167            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

118. Which theory of dreaming suggests that the cortex constructs dreams in order to make sense out of neural impulses from subcortical areas of the brain?

a.	construction
b.	activation-synthesis
c.	conservation of energy
d.	cognitive problem solving

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 167            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Factual

 

119. Hypnosis owes its beginnings to the work of which of the following?

a.	Sigmund Freud
b.	Franz Anton Mesmer
c.	Ernest Hilgard
d.	Harry Houdini

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 168            OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

120. A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility is known as what?

a.	mesmerization
b.	hypnosis
c.	hallucinations
d.	hypersomnia

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 168            OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

121. Research suggests that about ____ of the population does not respond to hypnosis.

a.	1-2%
b.	25-30%
c.	40%
d.	10-20%

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 168            OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

122. Research suggests that about ____ of people are exceptionally good hypnotic subjects.

a.	1-2%
b.	20-25%
c.	10-15%
d.	40%

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 168            OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

123. What percentage of the population would be considered “hypnotic virtuosos”?

a.	1-2%
b.	20-25%
c.	10-15%
d.	40%

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 168            OBJ:   5.14               TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

 

124. Which of the following is likely to produce highly subjective events?

a.	hypnosis
b.	meditation
c.	psychoactive drugs
d.	all these choices can produce highly subjective events

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 168-169     OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

125. The procedure used by a hypnotist that relaxes an individual and increases his/her attention and suggestibility is called a

a.	hypnotic induction.
b.	hypnotic trance.
c.	hypnotic dissociation.
d.	hypnotic deduction.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 168            OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

126. Which of the following is NOT a common effect of hypnosis?

a.	auditory and visual hallucinations
b.	the reduction of inhibitions
c.	some resistance to pain
d.	total loss of personal control

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 169            OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

127. Which of the following is the most common posthypnotic suggestion given to people?

a.	to act infantile
b.	to show amnesia and forget something
c.	to perform a behavior unusual for the person
d.	to act like an animal

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 169            OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

128. The theory of hypnosis that suggests that hypnosis is NOT an altered state of consciousness is the

a.	wish fulfillment theory.
b.	dissociation theory.
c.	role-playing theory.
d.	activation-synthesis theory.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 169-170     OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Factual

 

129. The role-playing theory of hypnosis offered by Barber and Spanos suggests that the hypnotized subject

a.	actually fakes the hypnotic state to trick the hypnotist.
b.	enters into a trance and acts out suggestions.
c.	knows that he or she is only pretending for entertainment purposes.
d.	is in a normal state but acts out the role of a hypnotized person.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 169-170     OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

130. The idea that hypnotized persons are acting in the manner they believe a hypnotized person would is the basic tenet behind the

a.	Freudian theory of hypnosis.
b.	dissociative theory of hypnosis.
c.	divided consciousness theory of hypnosis.
d.	role-playing theory of hypnosis.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 169-170     OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

131. The observation that age-regressed hypnotized individuals recall long-ago events in a vivid but incorrect manner supports the ____ theory of hypnosis.

a.	dissociation
b.	wish fulfillment
c.	role-playing
d.	activation-synthesis

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 170            OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Factual

 

132. The idea that hypnosis splits consciousness into two streams is known as

a.	Freudian theory of hypnosis.
b.	dissociative theory of hypnosis.
c.	divided consciousness theory of hypnosis.
d.	role-playing theory of hypnosis.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 169-170     OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

133. While Kimberly was hypnotized she vividly recalled the events of her first birthday party. However, when the events she described were compared with an actual video from her birthday party, most of the things she described did not actually happen. Kimberly’s inaccuracy in recall lends support to the view that hypnosis

a.	causes people to act out a role.
b.	is the same as REM-sleep.
c.	creates a dissociation in conscious awareness.
d.	is the same as slow-wave sleep.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 170            OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

134. While Nicholas was hypnotized he was able to endure painful jaw surgery without any anesthesia. This could be taken as support for the view that hypnosis

a.	causes people to act out a role.
b.	is the same as REM-sleep.
c.	is the same as slow-wave sleep.
d.	creates a dissociation in conscious awareness.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 170            OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

135. The debate over the mental state of a hypnotized person is

a.	resolved in favor of role-playing theory.
b.	still an open question.
c.	resolved in favor of altered state phenomena.
d.	resolved because hypnosis is fake.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 170            OBJ:   5.15               TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

136. Meditation has its roots in

a.	early Christianity.
b.	Eastern religions.
c.	transcendental psychology.
d.	the scientific study of the relaxation response.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 171            OBJ:   5.16               KEY:  Factual

 

137. A family of practices that train attention to heighten awareness and bring mental process under greater voluntary control is known as

a.	hypnosis.
b.	transcendental psychology.
c.	meditation.
d.	Buddhism.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 171            OBJ:   5.16               KEY:  Factual

 

138. Research has shown that meditation can produce a physiological state similar to

a.	the REM stage of sleep.
b.	that produced by hypnosis.
c.	systematic relaxation training.
d.	a drug-induced trance.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 171            OBJ:   5.16               KEY:  Factual

 

139. Which of the following does NOT happen when a person is in a meditative state?

a.	alpha waves become more prominent in EEG recordings
b.	heart rate decreases
c.	oxygen consumption increases
d.	respiration rate decreases

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 171            OBJ:   5.16               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

140. Scott’s brain is producing alpha and theta waves, and he shows a decrease in his heart rate, oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide elimination. Scott is probably

a.	hypnotized.
b.	in a drug-induced trance.
c.	meditating.
d.	in REM sleep.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 171            OBJ:   5.16               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

141. Hailey recently began meditating on a regular basis. Over the short-term Hailey should expect to experience

a.	an alteration in her consciousness similar to taking psychedelic drugs.
b.	an increase in relaxation and a decrease in autonomic arousal.
c.	a sense of euphoria similar to that experienced when taking opiate drugs.
d.	an improvement in her immune system and enhanced memory.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p.171-172      OBJ:   5.16               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

 

142. In the physiological domain, research has suggested meditation may help with all of the following EXCEPT

a.	regulating hormone levels.
b.	controlling blood pressure.
c.	reducing chronic pain.
d.	improving cardiovascular health.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 172            OBJ:   5.16               KEY:  Factual

 

143. Which of the following statements regarding physiological functioning is not consistent with a person who is in a meditative state?

a.	reduced heart rate
b.	reduced respiration rate
c.	increased alpha and theta brain waves
d.	increased muscular tension

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 171            OBJ:   5.16               KEY:  Factual

 

144. Which of the following physiological changes is unique to meditation?

a.	increased alpha rhythms
b.	decreased heart rate
c.	decreased oxygen consumption
d.	all of these things are common to many forms of relaxation

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 171            OBJ:   5.16               KEY:  Factual

 

145. Research has shown the long-term benefits of meditation to

a.	include benefits for physical health such as control of blood pressure.
b.	include benefits for mental health such as reducing anxiety.
c.	include benefits for both physical and mental health.
d.	be greatly exaggerated by advocates of meditation.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 172            OBJ:   5.17               KEY:  Factual

 

146. Chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, or behavioral functioning are referred to as

a.	hallucinogens.
b.	psychoactive drugs.
c.	narcotics or opiates.
d.	stimulants.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 173            OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Factual

 

147. Renee is experiencing distortions in her sensory and perceptual processes. Additionally, she is exhibiting paranoia, nausea, and “jumbled” thought processes. Renee is MOST likely under the influence of a

a.	hallucinogen.
b.	sedative.
c.	narcotic.
d.	stimulant.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p.173-174      OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

148. Narcotics are drugs that

a.	are derived from opium and are capable of relieving pain.
b.	are derived from the hemp plant.
c.	cause distortions in sensory and perceptual experience.
d.	tend to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 173            OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Factual

 

149. Which of the following drugs is NOT a narcotic?

a.	codeine
b.	cocaine
c.	morphine
d.	heroin

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 173            OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Factual

 

150. The most widely used recreational drug in the United States is

a.	cocaine.
b.	alcohol.
c.	marijuana.
d.	MDMA.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 174            OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Factual

 

151. Wyatt uses a non-prescription drug on a regular basis. Some of the short-term side effects he experiences are depression and poor mental functioning. It is most likely Wyatt is using

a.	LSD.
b.	marijuana.
c.	alcohol.
d.	cocaine.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 174            OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

152. Madeline uses a non-prescription drug on a regular basis. Some of the short-term side effects she experiences are bloodshot eyes and poor short-term memory. It is most likely Madeline is using

a.	marijuana.
b.	LSD.
c.	heroin.
d.	cocaine.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 174            OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

153. Haley has severe glaucoma and she finds that the symptoms of her glaucoma can be relieved by using a non-prescription drug. In addition to relieving the symptoms of glaucoma, the drug relaxes her and induces a mild feeling of euphoria. It is most likely that Haley is treating her glaucoma using

a.	cocaine.
b.	marijuana.
c.	heroin.
d.	mescaline.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 173-174     OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

154. Christopher has just taken a drug. He finds that his perceptions are altered and he feels like his sensory awareness has increased. It is MOST likely that Christopher has taken

a.	LSD or mescaline.
b.	morphine or heroin.
c.	barbiturates or quaaludes.
d.	cocaine or amphetamines.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 174            OBJ:   5.19               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

155. Christine has just taken a drug. She experiences a short-lived high that lasted a few hours and reports that she feels warm, friendly, sensual, and insightful. Additionally her blood pressure has increased and shows sweating, insomnia and transient anxiety. It is MOST likely that Christine has taken

a.	MDMA.
b.	morphine or heroin.
c.	barbiturates or quaaludes.
d.	cocaine or amphetamines.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 174            OBJ:   5.19               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

156. Psychoactive drugs exert their effects on the brain by

a.	decreasing blood supply to the brain.
b.	altering neurotransmitter activity.
c.	breaking down essential brain amino acids.
d.	penetrating the nucleus of the neurons.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 175            OBJ:   5.19               KEY:  Factual

 

157. Sleep-inducing drugs that tend to decrease central nervous system activation and behavioral activity are

a.	opiates.
b.	stimulants.
c.	sedatives.
d.	cannabis.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 173-174     OBJ:   5.19               KEY:  Factual

 

158. Stimulants are drugs that

a.	are derived from opium and are capable of relieving pain.
b.	contain ethyl alcohol.
c.	cause distortions in sensory and perceptual experience.
d.	tend to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 173            OBJ:   5.19               KEY:  Factual

 

159. If your roommate recently took a recreational drug and is very energetic, alert and has an “I can conquer the world” euphoria, he MOST likely took

a.	a stimulant such as cocaine or amphetamine.
b.	a stimulant such as caffeine or nicotine.
c.	a sedative such as one of the barbiturates.
d.	a cannabis such as marijuana or hashish.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 173-174     OBJ:   5.19               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

 

160. Hallucinogens are drugs that

a.	are derived from opium and are capable of relieving pain.
b.	are derived from the hemp plant.
c.	cause distortions in sensory and perceptual experience.
d.	tend to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 174            OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Factual

 

161. All of the following drugs are from the same category of recreational drugs EXCEPT

a.	mescaline.
b.	marijuana.
c.	psilocybin.
d.	LSD.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 173-174     OBJ:   5.19               KEY:  Factual

 

162. Cannabis is a drug that

a.	is derived from opium and are capable of relieving pain
b.	is derived from the hemp plant
c.	causes extreme distortions in sensory and perceptual experience
d.	tends to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 174            OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Factual

 

163. Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, quarrelsomeness, and impaired mental and motor functioning.

a.	narcotics
b.	sedatives
c.	cannabis
d.	alcohol

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 174            OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Factual

 

164. The idea of multifactorial causation in drug effects suggests that

a.	taking several different drugs at the same time reduces their effects.
b.	taking several different drugs at once increases their effectiveness.
c.	the effects of a drug depend on the dosage and the user’s personal makeup and experience.
d.	each person will have the same physiological response to a drug, but there can be different psychological responses.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 174            OBJ:   5.19               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

165. The effects of amphetamines appear to be associated with which of the following neurotransmitter systems?

a.	serotonin and dopamine
b.	serotonin and norepinephrine
c.	norepinephrine and dopamine
d.	GABA and norepinephrine

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 175            OBJ:   5.19               KEY:  Factual

 

 

166. Dr. Dow has developed a new drug that works as a stimulant. It is likely that this drug will

a.	increase release of dopamine and norepinephrine.
b.	decrease release of dopamine and norepinephrine.
c.	block the reuptake of acetylcholine and seratonin.
d.	enhance the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 175            OBJ:   5.19               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

167. A progressive decrease in one’s response to a drug with repeated and prolonged use is called

a.	withdrawal.
b.	habituation.
c.	dependency.
d.	tolerance.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 174-175     OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Factual

 

168. Bryan finds that, where he used to need only one, he now needs two or more sleeping pills to fall asleep. This development indicates that Bryan

a.	is using sleeping pills as a recreational drug.
b.	has developed a tolerance to sleeping pills.
c.	has become physically addicted to sleeping pills.
d.	has become psychologically addicted to sleeping pills.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 174-175     OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

169. Seymour used to get quite a “buzz” from his first cup of coffee in the morning. Now he finds that he doesn’t start to feel alert until his third cup. This suggests that Seymour

a.	has developed a caffeine dependency.
b.	has developed a drug tolerance for caffeine.
c.	is experiencing the effects of caffeine withdrawal.
d.	has become caffeine intolerant.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 174-175     OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

170. Among the following, which drug tends to produce tolerance most SLOWLY?

a.	narcotics
b.	stimulants
c.	sedatives
d.	alcohol

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 174            OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Factual

 

171. Which of the following statements is correct?

a.	alcoholism is a disease
b.	alcoholism is the result of personal failure
c.	alcoholism results from abuse as a child
d.	the cause of alcoholism will depend on who gets to define the term

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 182            OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Conceptual/applied

 

 

172. John needs to continue to take doses of morphine to avoid withdrawal illness symptoms. John is demonstrating

a.	physical dependence.
b.	psychological tolerance.
c.	physical tolerance.
d.	psychological dependence.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 174-175     OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

173. A progressive decrease in a person’s responsiveness to a drug as a result of continued use is called

a.	physical dependence
b.	psychological dependence
c.	resistance
d.	tolerance

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 174-175     OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Factual

 

174. Symptoms such as fever, chills, tremors, convulsions, vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea are associated with

a.	consuming psychoactive drugs.
b.	tolerance.
c.	psychological dependence.
d.	physical dependence.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 176            OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Factual

 

175. When a person must continue to take a drug to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving it is termed

a.	tolerance.
b.	physical dependence.
c.	psychological dependence.
d.	codependence.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 176            OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Factual

 

176. Aaron has been taking a mild amphetamine for the past four months to help him cope with being a full-time student while holding down a full-time job. Now that his classes have ended he wants to stop taking the amphetamine, but each time he tries to skip the medication he starts sweating and he develops tremors. It appears that Aaron has

a.	developed a drug tolerance for amphetamines.
b.	become amphetamine intolerant.
c.	developed a physical dependence for amphetamines.
d.	habituated to the effects of amphetamines.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p.176             OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

177. Hannah used to experience insomnia once or twice a week. A month ago she starting taking Seconal to help her sleep, but now she finds she cannot get to sleep unless she takes a Seconal tablet. This would suggest that Hannah has

a.	developed a drug tolerance for Seconal.
b.	developed a physical dependency on Seconal.
c.	habituated to the effects of Seconal.
d.	developed pseudoinsomnia.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 176            OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

178. Which of the following drugs would MOST likely result in a fatal overdose?

a.	LSD
b.	mescaline
c.	marijuana
d.	morphine

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 176            OBJ:   5.21               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

179. Which of the following drugs is LEAST likely to result in a fatal overdose?

a.	LSD
b.	heroin
c.	cocaine
d.	morphine

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 176            OBJ:   5.21               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

180. Which of the following is NOT an example of a direct effect health-related risk associated with recreational drugs?

a.	marijuana can increase the risk of respiratory disease
b.	sedatives and alcohol can increase the risk of automobile accidents
c.	cocaine can increase the risk of heart attacks
d.	alcohol can increase the risk of liver damage

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 177            OBJ:   5.21               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

181. Which drug has the MOST diverse negative effects on physical health?

a.	marijuana
b.	alcohol
c.	cocaine
d.	heroin

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 176-177     OBJ:   5.21               KEY:  Factual

 

182. Chronic, heavy use of marijuana is NOT associated with

a.	decreases in testosterone levels.
b.	sterility and impotence in men.
c.	increased risk of automobile accidents.
d.	increase risk for respiratory and pulmonary disease.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 176-177     OBJ:   5.21               KEY:  Factual

 

 

183. The findings discussed in this chapter show that people often misjudge the quality of their sleep and that the alterations of consciousness produced by drugs often depend on personal experiences BEST illustrates which of the textbook’s unifying themes?

a.	psychology is empirical
b.	psychology evolves in a socio-historical context
c.	our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage
d.	our experience of the world is highly subjective

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 178            OBJ:   5.22               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

184. The fact that the importance people place on dreams varies across societies best illustrates which of the textbook’s unifying themes?

a.	psychology is empirical
b.	psychology evolves in a socio-historical context
c.	our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage
d.	our experience of the world is highly subjective

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 178            OBJ:   5.22               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

185. The fact that the alterations of consciousness produced by drugs depend significantly on personal expectations illustrates which of the following unifying themes?

a.	psychology is empirical
b.	psychology evolves in a socio-historical context
c.	behavior is determined by multiple causes
d.	our experience of the world is highly subjective

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 178            OBJ:   5.22               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

186. The effects of many psychoactive drugs depend to a large extent on users’ expectations. This finding illustrates which of your text’s unifying themes?

a.	psychology is empirical
b.	psychology evolves in a socio-historical context
c.	our experience of the world is highly subjective
d.	our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 178            OBJ:   5.22               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

187. What is the impact of theoretical debate?

a.	to create rivalry
b.	to stimulate research
c.	to guide research
d.	to create rivalry, stimulate and guide research

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 178-179     OBJ:   5.22               KEY:  Factual

 

188. Behavior is governed by ______ illustrates one of your texts unifying themes:

a.	multifactorial causes
b.	individual factors
c.	only environmental factors
d.	only internal factors

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 178            OBJ:   5.22               TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

189. The effect of short naps are

a.	generally considered to be a waste of time.
b.	generally considered to be damaging to the quality of sleep.
c.	variable depending on the person.
d.	a great enhancement to the overall quality of sleep.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 179            OBJ:   5.23               TOP:   NEW

KEY:  factual

 

190. Clayton is 40 years old, and slightly overweight. What sleep problem is he MOST likely to experience?

a.	snoring
b.	insomnia
c.	early morning waking
d.	sleep walking

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 179            OBJ:   5.23               TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Critical thinking

 

191. All of the following can negatively impact sleep quality EXCEPT

a.	going to bed stuffed with food.
b.	consuming caffeine in the late afternoon.
c.	exercising during the day.
d.	smoking before bed.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 180            OBJ:   5.23               TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

192. Meghan has had trouble falling asleep for three nights in a row. She is becoming anxious about her developing insomnia. This anxiety is likely to ______ her sleeping troubles.

a.	alleviate
b.	exacerbate
c.	have no impact
d.	none of the above

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 180            OBJ:   5.23               TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Critical thinking

 

193. Many dreams are forgotten. Specifically, what percentage of dreams is forgotten?

a.	60-65%
b.	85-90%
c.	95-99%
d.	40-44%

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 181            OBJ:   5.24               TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

194. According to Freud the plot and other surface characteristics of dreams are

a.	latent content.
b.	symbolic content.
c.	factual content.
d.	manifest content.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 181            OBJ:   5.24               TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

195. The tendency to equate naming something with explaining it is known as the

a.	development of tolerance.
b.	mental set.
c.	nominal fallacy.
d.	REM effect.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 183            OBJ:   5.25               KEY:  Factual

 

196. Kelly knows that something is wrong with her son. He won’t talk or make eye contact, and he often seems incapable of being reached socially.  A therapist tells her her son has autism.  Kelly feels like this label explains everything about her son’s behavior.  Kelly is guilty of

a.	the nominal fallacy.
b.	critical thinking.
c.	manifest content.
d.	the latent fallacy.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   183                OBJ:   5.25               TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Applied

 

Chapter 5 Variations in Consciousness

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The awareness of internal and external stimuli defines

a.	wakefulness.
b.	the unconscious.
c.	consciousness.
d.	alertness.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 151            OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

2. The personal awareness you have of both internal and external stimuli, and your thoughts concerning those stimuli, comprise your

a.	attention.
b.	unconsciousness.
c.	consciousness.
d.	alertness.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 151            OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

3. Consciousness includes awareness of

a.	external events only.
b.	internal sensations only.
c.	self only.
d.	external events, internal sensations, and self.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 151            OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

4. Consciousness includes awareness of all of the following EXCEPT

a.	external events.
b.	internal sensations.
c.	dreams.
d.	self.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 151-152     OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

5. Mind wandering is likely to occur during all of the following states EXCEPT

a.	anxious.
b.	excited.
c.	tired.
d.	bored.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.1                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

6. William James proposed the concept ____ to describe the continually changing aspect of consciousness.

a.	circadian consciousness
b.	flow of consciousness
c.	stream of unconsciousness
d.	stream of consciousness

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

7. What did William James mean by his term “the stream of consciousness”?

a.	consciousness always remains at the same level
b.	consciousness never stops
c.	consciousness is always changing
d.	consciousness is beyond personal control

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

8. If you could tape-record your thoughts, you would find

a.	a system of hierarchically organized cognitions.
b.	one central thought and multiple, related subsidiary thoughts.
c.	an endless flow of ideas that constantly shifts and changes.
d.	an organized system of parallel thoughts.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

9. According to Sigmund Freud, conscious and unconscious processes are different

a.	levels of reality.
b.	levels of awareness.
c.	streams of awareness.
d.	streams of consciousness.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

10. Which of the following is NOT a plausible explanation for the evolution of consciousness?

a.	allowed for forethought and planning
b.	allowed for planning of actions based on expected consequences
c.	facilitated trial and error learning
d.	facilitated finding food and avoiding predators

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.1                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Conceptual/Applied

 

11. Which brain wave is probably operating while you are taking this exam?

a.	alpha
b.	beta
c.	theta
d.	delta

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 152-153     OBJ:   5.2                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

12. The four basic EEG patterns are

a.	alpha, beta, gamma, delta.
b.	beta, theta, omega, gamma.
c.	theta, delta, beta, omega.
d.	alpha, beta, theta, delta.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.2                 TOP:   WWW

KEY:  Factual

 

 

13. The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is

a.	gamma.
b.	beta.
c.	alpha.
d.	delta.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 152-153     OBJ:   5.2                 KEY:  Factual

 

14. Which of the following techniques is used MOST often to measure the relationship between consciousness and activity in the brain?

a.	PET
b.	EEG
c.	MRI
d.	fMRI

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.2                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

15. EEG summarizes what aspect of brain activity?

a.	duration
b.	rhythm
c.	intensity
d.	none of these

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.2                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

16. Brainwaves vary in terms of all of the following features EXCEPT

a.	amplitude.
b.	frequency.
c.	CPS.
d.	length.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.2                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

17. Brainwaves that have a frequency of less than 4 cps are referred to as

a.	delta.
b.	theta.
c.	alpha.
d.	beta.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 152            OBJ:   5.2                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

18. The Cicada’s ability to burrow up from the ground when exactly 17 years have past illustrates the amazing feat performed by the

a.	circadian rhythm.
b.	subconscious.
c.	alpha waves.
d.	internal biological clock.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 153            OBJ:   5.3                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

19. Circadian rhythms have been shown to influence all of the following EXCEPT

a.	cognitive performance on tasks requiring alertness and short-term memory.
b.	emotional experiences such as feelings of happiness and sadness.
c.	sleep.
d.	physical functions such as body temperature and urine production.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 153            OBJ:   5.3                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

20. The circadian rhythm operates around a:

a.	1-year cycle.
b.	28-day cycle.
c.	24-hour cycle.
d.	90-minute cycle.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 153            OBJ:   5.3                 KEY:  Factual

 

21. According to recent research, we are most likely to fall asleep

a.	as our body temperature begins to drop.
b.	when it gets dark.
c.	when our body temperature stabilizes at normal.
d.	as our body temperature begins to climb.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 153            OBJ:   5.3                 KEY:  Factual

 

22. People generally fall asleep as their body temperature ____ and awaken as it ____.

a.	becomes stable; starts to fluctuate
b.	starts to fluctuate; becomes stable
c.	begins to drop; begins to increase
d.	begins to increase; begins to drop

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 153            OBJ:   5.3                 KEY:  Factual

 

23. Circadian rhythms are biological cycles that are

a.	90 minutes in length.
b.	24 hours in length.
c.	on a monthly cycle.
d.	on a seasonal cycle.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 153            OBJ:   5.3                 KEY:  Factual

 

24. The twenty-four hour biological cycles found in humans and other species are known as

a.	unconscious processes.
b.	circadian rhythms.
c.	biological rhythms.
d.	beta rhythms.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 153            OBJ:   5.3                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

25. In general, research into circadian rhythms has found that overall level of alertness and body temperature are

a.	negatively correlated.
b.	positively correlated in females and negatively correlated in males.
c.	positively correlated in males and negatively correlated in females.
d.	positively correlated.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 153            OBJ:   5.3                 KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

26. Signals sent from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the pineal gland have been implicated in

a.	inducing sleep.
b.	causing one to dream.
c.	alpha rhythm generation.
d.	resetting circadian rhythms.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 153            OBJ:   5.3                 KEY:  Factual

 

27. Research has shown that people who work on a rotating shift schedule are ____ to have accidents and be ____ productive than people who do not work on a rotating shift schedule.

a.	more apt; just as
b.	less apt; less
c.	less apt; more
d.	more apt; less

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 154            OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Factual

 

28. Compared to employees who have set work schedules, employees who work rotating shifts get ____ sleep and ____ quality sleep.

a.	more; poorer
b.	more; higher
c.	less; poorer
d.	less; higher

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 154            OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Factual

 

29. What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?

a.	amount of time spent sleeping
b.	amount of time spent awake
c.	cultural practices
d.	exposure to light

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 153            OBJ:   5.3                 KEY:  Factual

 

30. How long does it typically take a person to readjust her biological clock after experiencing jet lag?

a.	one day for each time zone crossed when flying east, and 2/3 of a day for each time zone crossed when flying west
b.	2/3 of a day for each time zone crossed when flying east, and one day per time zone crossed when flying west
c.	one day per time zone crossed
d.	2/3 of a day for each time zone crossed

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 154            OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Factual

 

31. Gunther is a news anchor who just flew east from San Diego to Paris, crossing eight time zones. Based on what is known about jet lag, Gunther will most likely

a.	take about four days to adjust to the new time zone.
b.	take 48 hours to adjust to the new time zone.
c.	not experience any jet lag because he has flown west to east.
d.	take just over a week to adjust to the new time zone.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 154            OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

32. Which stage of sleep is characterized as a brief transitional stage during which theta waves are prominent?

a.	stage 1
b.	stage 2
c.	stage 4
d.	REM

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 156            OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

33. Stage 1 sleep is represented by EEG brain-wave patterns referred to as

a.	alpha waves.
b.	REM waves.
c.	theta waves.
d.	zeta waves.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 156            OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

34. A light, transitional sleep stage lasting 10-12 minutes is

a.	stage 1.
b.	stage 2.
c.	stage 3.
d.	stage 4.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 156            OBJ:   5.5                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

35. As a person falls into deeper sleep, his pattern of brain wave activity becomes both ____ in frequency and ____ in amplitude.

a.	slower; higher
b.	faster; higher
c.	slower; lower
d.	faster; lower

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 156            OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

36. Rebecca is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab. As the researcher watches the printout from the EEG, delta waves appear. Based on this information, the researcher can conclude that Rebecca

a.	has just entered stage 1 sleep.
b.	is still awake, but is relaxed and drowsy.
c.	is currently in REM sleep.
d.	has just entered stage 3 sleep.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 156            OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

37. Peter is in a deep sleep and his brain wave pattern consists of low frequency delta waves. Peter is experiencing which stage of sleep?

a.	REM
b.	stage 3 or 4
c.	stage 1
d.	stage 2

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 156            OBJ:   5.5                 TOP:   WWW

KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

38. Sleep stages 3 and 4 are referred to as

a.	low amplitude sleep.
b.	high amplitude sleep.
c.	slow-wave sleep.
d.	fast-wave sleep.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 156            OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

39. Sleep spindles, which appear against a background of mixed, mostly lower frequency EEG activity, are characteristic of

a.	stage 1 sleep.
b.	stage 2 sleep.
c.	stage 4 sleep.
d.	REM sleep..

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 156            OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

40. NREM sleep consists of which stages of sleep?

a.	stages 1 and 2
b.	stages 1, 2 and 3
c.	stages 3 and 4
d.	stages 1, 2, 3, and 4

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 156            OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

41. Bailey is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab. She has been asleep for just over an hour now, and her EEG is showing low amplitude, irregular brain wave patterns. Her breathing and pulse rate are irregular, and her eyes are darting back and forth beneath her closed eyelids. The researcher who is monitoring Bailey’s sleep can conclude that Bailey

a.	has just entered REM sleep.
b.	has just entered stage 4 sleep.
c.	is experiencing sleep anoxia and needs immediate medical attention.
d.	suffers from a sleep disorder.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 156-157     OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

42. REM sleep is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

a.	minimal bodily movement.
b.	regular breathing and pulse rate.
c.	beta waves.
d.	dreaming.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 156-157     OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

43. Which of the following is a characteristic of REM sleep?

a.	rapid  eye movements
b.	regular breathing and pulse rate
c.	unstable EEG activity
d.	relatively little dreaming

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 157            OBJ:   5.5                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

44. Dreaming is typically associated with

a.	REM sleep.
b.	stage 1 sleep.
c.	stage 2 sleep.
d.	stage 4 sleep.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 156-157     OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

45. The brain wave pattern of a person in ____ sleep resembles the brain wave pattern observed when the individual is awake and alert.

a.	stage 1
b.	stage 4
c.	REM
d.	NREM

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 156-157     OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

46. REM periods of sleep tend to ____ as the night goes on.

a.	deepen
b.	lighten
c.	shorten
d.	lengthen

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 156-157     OBJ:   5.5                 TOP:   WWW

KEY:  Factual

 

47. The paradox concerning REM sleep is while

a.	it is a deep sleep, the person is easy to awaken.
b.	it is a deep sleep, the brain wave pattern resembles the pattern of an alert and awake individual.
c.	the person is dreaming, the brain wave pattern resembles that of an awake and relaxed individual.
d.	the person is dreaming, his muscles are practically paralyzed.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 157            OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

48. A person typically has ____ sleep cycles during the course of a night’s sleep.

a.	one
b.	two
c.	four
d.	six

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 157            OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

 

49. The most vivid dreams generally occur

a.	during REM sleep.
b.	during NREM sleep.
c.	during the early hours of sleep.
d.	when alpha brain waves are present.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 156            OBJ:   5.5                 TOP:   Study Guide

KEY:  Factual

 

50. Compared to young adults, infants sleep for a ____ period of time each day and spend a ____ proportion of their total sleep time in REM sleep.

a.	longer; smaller
b.	longer; larger
c.	shorter; larger
d.	shorter; smaller

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 158-159     OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Factual

 

51. During adulthood, there is a gradual decline in the proportion of

a.	stage 1 sleep.
b.	stage 2 sleep.
c.	slow-wave sleep.
d.	all stages of NREM sleep.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 158-159     OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Factual

 

52. As adults age, the proportion of sleep time they spend in slow-wave sleep ____ while the proportion of time spent in REM sleep ____.

a.	remains stable; decreases
b.	decreases; remains stable
c.	increases; decreases
d.	decreases; increases

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 158-159     OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Factual

 

53. Charlene is 12, and her elderly aunt has come for a visit. The aunt is using the spare bed in Charlene’s room. Several times during the night, the aunt awakens briefly, and then falls back to sleep. Charlene doesn’t awaken at all during the night. This difference in sleep patterns can best be explained by research that shows

a.	during adulthood the proportion of REM sleep gradually declines.
b.	during adulthood the proportion of slow-wave sleep increases significantly.
c.	the elderly are more affected by jet lag and shifts in their circadian rhythm.
d.	during adulthood the proportion of slow-wave sleep gradually declines.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 158-159     OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

54. Riley is happy this morning because Jennifer, his four-month-old infant, finally slept through the night for the first time. If EEG recordings were available for both Riley and Jennifer, a comparison would show

a.	that Jennifer only spent half as much time in REM sleep.
b.	that both Riley and Jennifer spent the same proportion of time in REM sleep.
c.	most of Jennifer’s REM sleep occurred just after she had fallen asleep, and most of Riley’s REM sleep occurred just before he awakened.
d.	that Jennifer spent more than twice as much time in REM sleep.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 158-159     OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

55. Which of the following statements about co-sleeping (i.e., parents and children sleeping together) is NOT accurate?

a.	co-sleeping is widely accepted in Japanese culture
b.	co-sleeping is actively encouraged in most Western societies
c.	American parents generally teach their children to sleep alone
d.	around the world as a whole, co-sleeping is the norm rather than the exception

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 160            OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

56. Which of the following statements about cultural differences in sleep is NOT accurate?

a.	cultural differences in sleep are generally limited to things like sleeping arrangements and napping customs
b.	co-sleeping is actively encouraged in most Western societies
c.	one to two hour midday naps are found mostly in tropical regions of the world
d.	around the world as a whole, co-sleeping is the norm rather than the exception

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 160            OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

57. Siesta cultures tend to be MOST common in societies

a.	that also practice co-sleeping.
b.	that are industrialized.
c.	located in tropical regions.
d.	that are nomadic.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 160            OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Factual

 

58. The midday napping practices of “siesta cultures” are adaptive because the siesta allows individuals

a.	a necessary break from their extremely physical labor.
b.	to sleep at the same time as their young infants.
c.	time to digest their large midday meal.
d.	to avoid working during the hottest part of the day.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 160            OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Factual

 

59. Which of the following statements does NOT represent a current hypothesis on the evolutionary bases of sleep?

a.	sleep helps restore energy and other body resources depleted by waking activities
b.	the immobilization associated with sleep reduces exposure to predators and other dangers
c.	sleep allows us to live out our unconscious wishes and desires
d.	sleep evolved to help maintain a constant, high body temperature by metabolic means

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 160            OBJ:   5.6                 TOP:   WWW

KEY:  Factual

 

60. The hypothesis concerning the evolutionary bases of sleep that has the strongest support suggests that sleep evolved to help individuals

a.	reduce exposure to predators.
b.	conserve energy.
c.	reduce the risk of accidents during the night part of the day-night cycle.
d.	restore energy and other bodily resources.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 160            OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Factual

 

61. Which of the following has NOT been suggested as a hypothesis concerning the evolutionary bases of sleep?

a.	to reduce exposure to predators
b.	to conserve energy
c.	to reduce the risk of accidents during the night part of the day-night cycle
d.	to restore energy and other bodily resources

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 160            OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

62. Individuals with partial sleep deprivation or sleep restriction experience

a.	impaired attention.
b.	impaired motor coordination.
c.	impaired decision-making.
d.	impaired attention, motor coordination, and decision-making.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 161            OBJ:   5.7                 KEY:  Factual

 

63. Recent evidence on the effects of sleep deprivation suggests all of the following EXCEPT that loss of sleep

a.	is not as detrimental as was once thought.
b.	undermines efficiency at work.
c.	may also have a negative impact on immune system functioning.
d.	can impair an individual’s attention and reaction time.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 161            OBJ:   5.7                 TOP:   WWW

KEY:  Factual

 

64. All of the following are impacted by sleep deprivation EXCEPT

a.	motor coordination.
b.	endocrine system.
c.	personality.
d.	immune system.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 161            OBJ:   5.7                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

65. Amy feels ill and is experiencing poor motor coordination, in addition to poor decision-making and attention. She is likely suffering from

a.	ADD.
b.	hypnosis.
c.	sleep walking.
d.	sleep deprivation.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 161            OBJ:   5.7                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Conceptual/Applied

 

66. For the past month Mitchell has had difficulty falling asleep at night. Even though he goes to bed at his usual time, he lays awake for several hours before he finally drifts off to sleep. As a result, Mitchell has only been getting five to six hours of sleep, instead of the eight hours he is used to. Mitchell is likely to find that his lack of sleep leads to

a.	increased ability to solve complex problems.
b.	impaired attention, especially on monotonous tasks.
c.	hallucinations and general disorientation.
d.	night terrors when he actually does fall asleep.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 160            OBJ:   5.7                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

67. Roughly what percentage of motor vehicle accidents has sleepiness as a contributing factor?

a.	10%
b.	>5%
c.	20%
d.	31%

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 161            OBJ:   5.7                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

68. While serving as a subject in a laboratory sleep study for several nights, Steve was awakened whenever he entered REM sleep. It is MOST accurate to state that Steve was in a study designed to examine the effects of

a.	selective deprivation.
b.	sleep deprivation.
c.	sleep restriction.
d.	selective interruption.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 161            OBJ:   5.7                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

69. After being deprived of REM sleep for several days, when first allowed uninterrupted sleep people tend to spend additional time in REM sleep. This increase in REM sleep is called the

a.	catch-up effect.
b.	rebound effect.
c.	dream-rebound effect.
d.	dream effect.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 161            OBJ:   5.7                 KEY:  Factual

 

70. Over the course of several nights Jack is selectively deprived of REM sleep and Jill deprived of slow-wave sleep. Which of the following BEST describes their pattern of sleeping when first allowed uninterrupted sleep?

a.	Jack will show increased REM sleep and Jill will show increased slow-wave sleep
b.	Jack will show increased REM sleep and Jill will show increased REM sleep
c.	Jack will show increased REM sleep and Jill will show no change in REM or slow-wave sleep
d.	Jack will show decreased REM sleep and Jill will show decreased slow-wave sleep

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 161            OBJ:   5.7                 KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

 

71. Results from a variety of selective deprivation sleep studies have shown that people have a specific need for

a.	at least four hours of sleep each night.
b.	slow-wave sleep.
c.	REM sleep.
d.	REM and slow-wave sleep.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 161            OBJ:   5.7                 KEY:  Factual

 

72. The possible theory as to why humans need REM and slow wave sleep focuses on the possibility that they contribute to

a.	keeping the individual safe from predators.
b.	the firming up of the learning that took place during that day.
c.	impairing the individuals creative response.
d.	helping the individual keep their body temperature low.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 161-162     OBJ:   5.7                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

73. Reduced REM and slow-wave sleep negatively impact performance on _______ and _______ tasks.

a.	memory, learning
b.	reflex, memory
c.	reflex, learning
d.	motor, memory

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 161            OBJ:   5.7                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

74. Shortened sleep duration has been linked to a heightened vulnerability for a variety of diseases. This means that sleep duration and these health risks are

a.	positively correlated.
b.	negatively correlated.
c.	uncorrelated.
d.	confounded variables.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 162            OBJ:   5.8                 KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

75. Which of the following is NOT a health risk exacerbated by lack of sleep?

a.	diabetes
b.	coronary disease
c.	vitamin deficiency
d.	hypertension

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 162            OBJ:   5.8                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

76. Insomnia is BEST defined as referring to

a.	chronic difficulties in remaining asleep.
b.	chronic difficulties in falling asleep.
c.	chronic problems in getting adequate sleep.
d.	occasional problems in getting adequate sleep.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 162            OBJ:   5.9                 KEY:  Factual

 

 

77. Matthew has persistent early-morning awakening from sleep. He is MOST likely

a.	a hypersomniac.
b.	an insomniac.
c.	a somnambulist.
d.	a phototrapist.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 162            OBJ:   5.9                 TOP:   WWW

KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

78. The MOST common known sleep disorder is

a.	sleep apnea.
b.	night terrors.
c.	insomnia.
d.	somnambulism.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 162            OBJ:   5.9                 KEY:  Factual

 

79. Matthew often wakes up and wanders around the house in his sleep, usually during the first three hours of the night or so. He is MOST likely

a.	a hypersomniac.
b.	an insomniac.
c.	a somnambulist.
d.	a phototrapist.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 162            OBJ:   5.9                 TOP:   WWW

KEY:  oncept/Applied

 

80. All of the following are drugs used to treat insomnia EXEPT

a.	restoril.
b.	sonata.
c.	lunesta.
d.	thorazine.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 163            OBJ:   5.9                 TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

81. A disease marked by sudden and irresistible onset of sleep during normal waking hours is

a.	reverse insomnia.
b.	somnambulism.
c.	sleep apnea.
d.	narcolepsy.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 163            OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Factual

 

82. Valerie has episodes in which she experiences a sudden and irresistible urge to sleep during normal waking periods. Valerie MOST likely suffers from

a.	narcolepsy.
b.	hypersomnia.
c.	cretinism.
d.	a lack of REM rebound.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 163            OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

83. Martin wakes up hundreds of times each night gasping for air. He suffers from

a.	sleep apnea.
b.	respiratory deficiency.
c.	insomnia.
d.	narcolepsy.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 163            OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Factual

 

84. Which of the following has been used with modest success in the treatment of narcolepsy?

a.	group therapy
b.	behavioral therapy
c.	sedative drugs
d.	stimulant drugs

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 163            OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Factual

 

85. Sleep apnea is characterized by

a.	a sudden, irresistible urge to sleep during normal waking hours.
b.	a reflexive gasping for air during sleep.
c.	an extremely low rate of REM.
d.	night terrors.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 163-164     OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Factual

 

86. Nathaniel’s wife cannot sleep through the night. She claims that her husband seems to stop breathing in his sleep and then suddenly jerks awake, gasping for breath. This not only disturbs his sleep, it also awakens her. It is likely that Nathaniel

a.	has narcolepsy.
b.	is experiencing night terrors.
c.	has sleep apnea.
d.	has developed pseudoinsomnia.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 163-164     OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

87. Stephen wanders about while remaining asleep. Stephen’s condition is called

a.	narcology.
b.	sleep tremors.
c.	somnambulism.
d.	agnosia.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 164            OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

88. Sleepwalking is MOST likely to occur

a.	when a person has emotional or psychological problems.
b.	after a person has been asleep for several hours.
c.	during slow-wave sleep.
d.	during REM sleep.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 164            OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Factual

 

 

89. Which of the following statements regarding sleepwalking is MOST accurate?

a.	sleepwalking is generally a manifestation of underlying psychological problems
b.	it is unsafe to awaken a sleepwalker
c.	sleepwalking typically occurs while the person is dreaming
d.	there appears to be a genetic predisposition to sleepwalking

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 164            OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Factual

 

90. Research concerning the content of dreams has shown that MOST dreams are

a.	about relatively normal activities.
b.	best described as nightmares.
c.	about strangers.
d.	about participating in or observing unusual activities.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 165            OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Factual

 

91. Which of the following statements about dreams is NOT accurate?

a.	dreams only occur during REM sleep
b.	dreams have sometimes changed the world
c.	dreams are not as bizarre as widely assumed
d.	dreamers sometimes realize that they are dreaming

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 165            OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Factual

 

92. Which of the following is NOT a common theme of dreams?

a.	aggression
b.	current events
c.	sex
d.	conflict

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 165            OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Factual

 

93. According to research evidence on dream content, which of the following would a student be LEAST likely to dream about?

a.	falling from the top of a tall building on campus
b.	being chased by his or her most feared instructor
c.	a political candidate who held strong views about tuition increases
d.	missing an important exam

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 165-166     OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

94. The notion of day residue was first proposed by

a.	Rosalind Cartwright.
b.	J. Allan Hobson.
c.	Sigmund Freud.
d.	Roy Baumeister.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

95. The content of MOST dreams is usually

a.	mundane.
b.	exotic.
c.	exciting.
d.	erotic.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 165            OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Factual

 

96. Freud called the contents of our waking life that spill into our dreams

a.	the day residue.
b.	manifest content.
c.	reticular synthesis.
d.	wish fulfillment.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.11               TOP:   WWW

KEY:  Factual

 

97. As Kayla gets ready for bed her husband tells her not to worry about the job interview she has scheduled for the morning. Based on the results of recent studies on dream content what is MOST likely to be the content of Kayla’s dreams?

a.	she is likely to dream about sex with her husband
b.	she is likely to dream about her children
c.	she is likely to dream about her health concerns
d.	she is likely to dream about the job interview

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 165            OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

98. The MOST prevalent dream content is

a.	falling.
b.	that a person now dead is alive again.
c.	being chased.
d.	being half-awake and paralyzed in bed.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 165            OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

99. Cultures ____ dreaming.

a.	vary in the significance they place on
b.	are very similar in the significance they place on
c.	vary in the proportion of sleep time they spend
d.	vary in the total amount of sleep time they spend

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.12               KEY:  Factual

 

100. In which culture would people be held responsible for their dream actions; for example an erotic dream about someone could be seen as an adulterous act?

a.	Marakesh of Morocco
b.	Aborigines of Australia
c.	Arapesh of New Guinea
d.	Parintinin of Brazil

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.12               KEY:  Factual

 

 

101. Which of the following statements is NOT correct in describing cultural differences concerning dreams?

a.	some non-Western cultures view dreams as permitting communication with ancestors
b.	individuals in many non-Western cultures tend to have poorer recall of dreams than individuals in Western cultures
c.	many Western cultures view dreams as of little significance
d.	many non-Western cultures view dreams as an important source of information

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.12               KEY:  Factual

 

102. Which of the following statements about culture and dreams is LEAST accurate?

a.	some basic dream themes appear to be nearly universal across cultures
b.	people in Western societies tend to recall their dreams vividly
c.	in many cultures, dreams are seen as a window into the spiritual world
d.	in Western cultures, dreams are largely considered insignificant

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.12               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

103. Freud theorized that dreams

a.	provide a window to the conscious mind.
b.	provide a practical approach to problem-solving.
c.	reflect wish fulfillment.
d.	reflect reality.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Factual

 

104. The theorist who advanced the wish-fulfillment idea about dreaming was

a.	Cartwright.
b.	Hobson.
c.	McCarley.
d.	Freud.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Factual

 

105. The use of dreams to satisfy ungratified needs is referred to as

a.	id idealization.
b.	self-centeredness.
c.	wish fulfillment.
d.	sublimation.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.13               TOP:   WWW

KEY:  Factual

 

106. If a college student who is struggling to keep from flunking out of school dreams of winning the “student of the year award,” this dream would be MOST consistent with which theory of dreaming?

a.	fantasy
b.	activation-synthesis
c.	wish fulfillment
d.	problem-solving

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

107. The theorist who advanced the cogngtive, problem-solving view of dreaming was

a.	Cartwright
b.	Hobson
c.	McCarley
d.	Freud

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 167            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Factual

 

108. According to Freud, a sexually frustrated person would probably have highly erotic dreams because, according to him, the principal purpose of a dream is

a.	sexual gratification.
b.	conflict resolution.
c.	wish-fulfillment.
d.	the repression of unconscious desires.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

109. Cartwright theorized that dreams

a.	provide a window to the conscious mind
b.	provide a practical approach to problem-solving
c.	reflect wish fulfillment
d.	reflect reality

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Factual

 

110. Denise is unemployed. Over the past three years she has been fired from 10 different positions. If you interpreted Denise’s dream of being the CEO of a Fortune 500 company as an attempt for Denise to fulfill ungratified needs from her waking life, you would be subscribing to the

a.	problem-solving theory of dreams.
b.	activation-synthesis theory of dreams.
c.	wish-fulfillment theory of dreams.
d.	neural overflow hypothesis of dreams.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 166            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

111. The use of dreams to allow people to engage in creative thinking about pressing personal issues is the claim of which theory of dreaming?

a.	problem-solving theory of dreams
b.	activation-synthesis theory of dreams
c.	wish-fulfillment theory of dreams
d.	neural overflow hypothesis of dreams

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 167            OBJ:   5.13               TOP:   WWW

KEY:  Factual

 

112. If you interpreted Peter’s dream of arguing with a larger-than-life faceless authority figure as an attempt on his part to decide which approach to take in convincing his father of the merits of his future plans, you would be subscribing to the

a.	problem-solving theory of dreams.
b.	activation-synthesis theory of dreams.
c.	wish-fulfillment theory of dreams.
d.	neural overflow hypothesis of dreams.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 167            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

113. The idea that dreams are times when people can think creatively about what is going on in their lives and then use that information later when awake is consistent with the

a.	wish fulfillment view of dreams.
b.	problem-solving view of dreams.
c.	synergistic view of dreams.
d.	James-Verduin view of dreams.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 167            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

114. Logan has a dream in which he is taken captive by a band of talking cats who force him to solve complex algebra problems for them. According to Rosalind Cartwright’s cognitive theory of dreaming, the images in Logan’s dream represent

a.	an interpretation of random neuron activity in lower brain centers.
b.	the manifest content of the dream.
c.	an attempt to work through problems he is currently experiencing in his life.
d.	the latent content of the dream.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 167            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

115. The idea that dreams are the cortex’s attempt to make sense out of bursts of general firing from lower brain centers is the core of

a.	the wish-fulfillment theory of dreaming.
b.	the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming.
c.	the problem-solving theory of dreaming
d.	no current theory of dreaming.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 167            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

116. Danielle had a dream in which she was playing rummy with an elephant wearing suspenders. The next instant, the elephant had changed into one of her grade school teachers and they were watching a purple sunset over a red ocean. According to the activation synthesis model of dreaming, the sudden bizarre changes in settings that took place in Danielle’s dream represent

a.	an interpretation of random neuron activity in lower brain centers.
b.	the manifest content of the dream.
c.	the latent content of the dream.
d.	an attempt to work through problems she is currently experiencing in her life.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 167            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

117. The idea that dreams are times when people can think creatively about what is going on in their lives and then use that information later when awake is consistent with _________ view of dreams.

a.	Freud’s
b.	Cartwright’s
c.	Hobson and McCarley’s
d.	Dement’s

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 167            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

118. Which theory of dreaming suggests that the cortex constructs dreams in order to make sense out of neural impulses from subcortical areas of the brain?

a.	construction
b.	activation-synthesis
c.	conservation of energy
d.	cognitive problem solving

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 167            OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Factual

 

119. Hypnosis owes its beginnings to the work of which of the following?

a.	Sigmund Freud
b.	Franz Anton Mesmer
c.	Ernest Hilgard
d.	Harry Houdini

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 168            OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

120. A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility is known as what?

a.	mesmerization
b.	hypnosis
c.	hallucinations
d.	hypersomnia

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 168            OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

121. Research suggests that about ____ of the population does not respond to hypnosis.

a.	1-2%
b.	25-30%
c.	40%
d.	10-20%

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 168            OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

122. Research suggests that about ____ of people are exceptionally good hypnotic subjects.

a.	1-2%
b.	20-25%
c.	10-15%
d.	40%

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 168            OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

123. What percentage of the population would be considered “hypnotic virtuosos”?

a.	1-2%
b.	20-25%
c.	10-15%
d.	40%

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 168            OBJ:   5.14               TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

 

124. Which of the following is likely to produce highly subjective events?

a.	hypnosis
b.	meditation
c.	psychoactive drugs
d.	all these choices can produce highly subjective events

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 168-169     OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

125. The procedure used by a hypnotist that relaxes an individual and increases his/her attention and suggestibility is called a

a.	hypnotic induction.
b.	hypnotic trance.
c.	hypnotic dissociation.
d.	hypnotic deduction.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 168            OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

126. Which of the following is NOT a common effect of hypnosis?

a.	auditory and visual hallucinations
b.	the reduction of inhibitions
c.	some resistance to pain
d.	total loss of personal control

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 169            OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

127. Which of the following is the most common posthypnotic suggestion given to people?

a.	to act infantile
b.	to show amnesia and forget something
c.	to perform a behavior unusual for the person
d.	to act like an animal

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 169            OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

128. The theory of hypnosis that suggests that hypnosis is NOT an altered state of consciousness is the

a.	wish fulfillment theory.
b.	dissociation theory.
c.	role-playing theory.
d.	activation-synthesis theory.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 169-170     OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Factual

 

129. The role-playing theory of hypnosis offered by Barber and Spanos suggests that the hypnotized subject

a.	actually fakes the hypnotic state to trick the hypnotist.
b.	enters into a trance and acts out suggestions.
c.	knows that he or she is only pretending for entertainment purposes.
d.	is in a normal state but acts out the role of a hypnotized person.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 169-170     OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

130. The idea that hypnotized persons are acting in the manner they believe a hypnotized person would is the basic tenet behind the

a.	Freudian theory of hypnosis.
b.	dissociative theory of hypnosis.
c.	divided consciousness theory of hypnosis.
d.	role-playing theory of hypnosis.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 169-170     OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

131. The observation that age-regressed hypnotized individuals recall long-ago events in a vivid but incorrect manner supports the ____ theory of hypnosis.

a.	dissociation
b.	wish fulfillment
c.	role-playing
d.	activation-synthesis

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 170            OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Factual

 

132. The idea that hypnosis splits consciousness into two streams is known as

a.	Freudian theory of hypnosis.
b.	dissociative theory of hypnosis.
c.	divided consciousness theory of hypnosis.
d.	role-playing theory of hypnosis.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 169-170     OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

133. While Kimberly was hypnotized she vividly recalled the events of her first birthday party. However, when the events she described were compared with an actual video from her birthday party, most of the things she described did not actually happen. Kimberly’s inaccuracy in recall lends support to the view that hypnosis

a.	causes people to act out a role.
b.	is the same as REM-sleep.
c.	creates a dissociation in conscious awareness.
d.	is the same as slow-wave sleep.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 170            OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

134. While Nicholas was hypnotized he was able to endure painful jaw surgery without any anesthesia. This could be taken as support for the view that hypnosis

a.	causes people to act out a role.
b.	is the same as REM-sleep.
c.	is the same as slow-wave sleep.
d.	creates a dissociation in conscious awareness.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 170            OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

135. The debate over the mental state of a hypnotized person is

a.	resolved in favor of role-playing theory.
b.	still an open question.
c.	resolved in favor of altered state phenomena.
d.	resolved because hypnosis is fake.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 170            OBJ:   5.15               TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

136. Meditation has its roots in

a.	early Christianity.
b.	Eastern religions.
c.	transcendental psychology.
d.	the scientific study of the relaxation response.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 171            OBJ:   5.16               KEY:  Factual

 

137. A family of practices that train attention to heighten awareness and bring mental process under greater voluntary control is known as

a.	hypnosis.
b.	transcendental psychology.
c.	meditation.
d.	Buddhism.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 171            OBJ:   5.16               KEY:  Factual

 

138. Research has shown that meditation can produce a physiological state similar to

a.	the REM stage of sleep.
b.	that produced by hypnosis.
c.	systematic relaxation training.
d.	a drug-induced trance.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 171            OBJ:   5.16               KEY:  Factual

 

139. Which of the following does NOT happen when a person is in a meditative state?

a.	alpha waves become more prominent in EEG recordings
b.	heart rate decreases
c.	oxygen consumption increases
d.	respiration rate decreases

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 171            OBJ:   5.16               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

140. Scott’s brain is producing alpha and theta waves, and he shows a decrease in his heart rate, oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide elimination. Scott is probably

a.	hypnotized.
b.	in a drug-induced trance.
c.	meditating.
d.	in REM sleep.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 171            OBJ:   5.16               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

141. Hailey recently began meditating on a regular basis. Over the short-term Hailey should expect to experience

a.	an alteration in her consciousness similar to taking psychedelic drugs.
b.	an increase in relaxation and a decrease in autonomic arousal.
c.	a sense of euphoria similar to that experienced when taking opiate drugs.
d.	an improvement in her immune system and enhanced memory.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p.171-172      OBJ:   5.16               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

 

142. In the physiological domain, research has suggested meditation may help with all of the following EXCEPT

a.	regulating hormone levels.
b.	controlling blood pressure.
c.	reducing chronic pain.
d.	improving cardiovascular health.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 172            OBJ:   5.16               KEY:  Factual

 

143. Which of the following statements regarding physiological functioning is not consistent with a person who is in a meditative state?

a.	reduced heart rate
b.	reduced respiration rate
c.	increased alpha and theta brain waves
d.	increased muscular tension

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 171            OBJ:   5.16               KEY:  Factual

 

144. Which of the following physiological changes is unique to meditation?

a.	increased alpha rhythms
b.	decreased heart rate
c.	decreased oxygen consumption
d.	all of these things are common to many forms of relaxation

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 171            OBJ:   5.16               KEY:  Factual

 

145. Research has shown the long-term benefits of meditation to

a.	include benefits for physical health such as control of blood pressure.
b.	include benefits for mental health such as reducing anxiety.
c.	include benefits for both physical and mental health.
d.	be greatly exaggerated by advocates of meditation.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 172            OBJ:   5.17               KEY:  Factual

 

146. Chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, or behavioral functioning are referred to as

a.	hallucinogens.
b.	psychoactive drugs.
c.	narcotics or opiates.
d.	stimulants.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 173            OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Factual

 

147. Renee is experiencing distortions in her sensory and perceptual processes. Additionally, she is exhibiting paranoia, nausea, and “jumbled” thought processes. Renee is MOST likely under the influence of a

a.	hallucinogen.
b.	sedative.
c.	narcotic.
d.	stimulant.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p.173-174      OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

148. Narcotics are drugs that

a.	are derived from opium and are capable of relieving pain.
b.	are derived from the hemp plant.
c.	cause distortions in sensory and perceptual experience.
d.	tend to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 173            OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Factual

 

149. Which of the following drugs is NOT a narcotic?

a.	codeine
b.	cocaine
c.	morphine
d.	heroin

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 173            OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Factual

 

150. The most widely used recreational drug in the United States is

a.	cocaine.
b.	alcohol.
c.	marijuana.
d.	MDMA.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 174            OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Factual

 

151. Wyatt uses a non-prescription drug on a regular basis. Some of the short-term side effects he experiences are depression and poor mental functioning. It is most likely Wyatt is using

a.	LSD.
b.	marijuana.
c.	alcohol.
d.	cocaine.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 174            OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

152. Madeline uses a non-prescription drug on a regular basis. Some of the short-term side effects she experiences are bloodshot eyes and poor short-term memory. It is most likely Madeline is using

a.	marijuana.
b.	LSD.
c.	heroin.
d.	cocaine.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 174            OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

153. Haley has severe glaucoma and she finds that the symptoms of her glaucoma can be relieved by using a non-prescription drug. In addition to relieving the symptoms of glaucoma, the drug relaxes her and induces a mild feeling of euphoria. It is most likely that Haley is treating her glaucoma using

a.	cocaine.
b.	marijuana.
c.	heroin.
d.	mescaline.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 173-174     OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

154. Christopher has just taken a drug. He finds that his perceptions are altered and he feels like his sensory awareness has increased. It is MOST likely that Christopher has taken

a.	LSD or mescaline.
b.	morphine or heroin.
c.	barbiturates or quaaludes.
d.	cocaine or amphetamines.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 174            OBJ:   5.19               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

155. Christine has just taken a drug. She experiences a short-lived high that lasted a few hours and reports that she feels warm, friendly, sensual, and insightful. Additionally her blood pressure has increased and shows sweating, insomnia and transient anxiety. It is MOST likely that Christine has taken

a.	MDMA.
b.	morphine or heroin.
c.	barbiturates or quaaludes.
d.	cocaine or amphetamines.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 174            OBJ:   5.19               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

156. Psychoactive drugs exert their effects on the brain by

a.	decreasing blood supply to the brain.
b.	altering neurotransmitter activity.
c.	breaking down essential brain amino acids.
d.	penetrating the nucleus of the neurons.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 175            OBJ:   5.19               KEY:  Factual

 

157. Sleep-inducing drugs that tend to decrease central nervous system activation and behavioral activity are

a.	opiates.
b.	stimulants.
c.	sedatives.
d.	cannabis.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 173-174     OBJ:   5.19               KEY:  Factual

 

158. Stimulants are drugs that

a.	are derived from opium and are capable of relieving pain.
b.	contain ethyl alcohol.
c.	cause distortions in sensory and perceptual experience.
d.	tend to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 173            OBJ:   5.19               KEY:  Factual

 

159. If your roommate recently took a recreational drug and is very energetic, alert and has an “I can conquer the world” euphoria, he MOST likely took

a.	a stimulant such as cocaine or amphetamine.
b.	a stimulant such as caffeine or nicotine.
c.	a sedative such as one of the barbiturates.
d.	a cannabis such as marijuana or hashish.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 173-174     OBJ:   5.19               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

 

160. Hallucinogens are drugs that

a.	are derived from opium and are capable of relieving pain.
b.	are derived from the hemp plant.
c.	cause distortions in sensory and perceptual experience.
d.	tend to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 174            OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Factual

 

161. All of the following drugs are from the same category of recreational drugs EXCEPT

a.	mescaline.
b.	marijuana.
c.	psilocybin.
d.	LSD.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 173-174     OBJ:   5.19               KEY:  Factual

 

162. Cannabis is a drug that

a.	is derived from opium and are capable of relieving pain
b.	is derived from the hemp plant
c.	causes extreme distortions in sensory and perceptual experience
d.	tends to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 174            OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Factual

 

163. Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, quarrelsomeness, and impaired mental and motor functioning.

a.	narcotics
b.	sedatives
c.	cannabis
d.	alcohol

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 174            OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Factual

 

164. The idea of multifactorial causation in drug effects suggests that

a.	taking several different drugs at the same time reduces their effects.
b.	taking several different drugs at once increases their effectiveness.
c.	the effects of a drug depend on the dosage and the user’s personal makeup and experience.
d.	each person will have the same physiological response to a drug, but there can be different psychological responses.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 174            OBJ:   5.19               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

165. The effects of amphetamines appear to be associated with which of the following neurotransmitter systems?

a.	serotonin and dopamine
b.	serotonin and norepinephrine
c.	norepinephrine and dopamine
d.	GABA and norepinephrine

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 175            OBJ:   5.19               KEY:  Factual

 

 

166. Dr. Dow has developed a new drug that works as a stimulant. It is likely that this drug will

a.	increase release of dopamine and norepinephrine.
b.	decrease release of dopamine and norepinephrine.
c.	block the reuptake of acetylcholine and seratonin.
d.	enhance the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 175            OBJ:   5.19               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

167. A progressive decrease in one’s response to a drug with repeated and prolonged use is called

a.	withdrawal.
b.	habituation.
c.	dependency.
d.	tolerance.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 174-175     OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Factual

 

168. Bryan finds that, where he used to need only one, he now needs two or more sleeping pills to fall asleep. This development indicates that Bryan

a.	is using sleeping pills as a recreational drug.
b.	has developed a tolerance to sleeping pills.
c.	has become physically addicted to sleeping pills.
d.	has become psychologically addicted to sleeping pills.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 174-175     OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

169. Seymour used to get quite a “buzz” from his first cup of coffee in the morning. Now he finds that he doesn’t start to feel alert until his third cup. This suggests that Seymour

a.	has developed a caffeine dependency.
b.	has developed a drug tolerance for caffeine.
c.	is experiencing the effects of caffeine withdrawal.
d.	has become caffeine intolerant.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 174-175     OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

170. Among the following, which drug tends to produce tolerance most SLOWLY?

a.	narcotics
b.	stimulants
c.	sedatives
d.	alcohol

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 174            OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Factual

 

171. Which of the following statements is correct?

a.	alcoholism is a disease
b.	alcoholism is the result of personal failure
c.	alcoholism results from abuse as a child
d.	the cause of alcoholism will depend on who gets to define the term

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 182            OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Conceptual/applied

 

 

172. John needs to continue to take doses of morphine to avoid withdrawal illness symptoms. John is demonstrating

a.	physical dependence.
b.	psychological tolerance.
c.	physical tolerance.
d.	psychological dependence.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 174-175     OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

173. A progressive decrease in a person’s responsiveness to a drug as a result of continued use is called

a.	physical dependence
b.	psychological dependence
c.	resistance
d.	tolerance

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 174-175     OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Factual

 

174. Symptoms such as fever, chills, tremors, convulsions, vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea are associated with

a.	consuming psychoactive drugs.
b.	tolerance.
c.	psychological dependence.
d.	physical dependence.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 176            OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Factual

 

175. When a person must continue to take a drug to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving it is termed

a.	tolerance.
b.	physical dependence.
c.	psychological dependence.
d.	codependence.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 176            OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Factual

 

176. Aaron has been taking a mild amphetamine for the past four months to help him cope with being a full-time student while holding down a full-time job. Now that his classes have ended he wants to stop taking the amphetamine, but each time he tries to skip the medication he starts sweating and he develops tremors. It appears that Aaron has

a.	developed a drug tolerance for amphetamines.
b.	become amphetamine intolerant.
c.	developed a physical dependence for amphetamines.
d.	habituated to the effects of amphetamines.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p.176             OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

177. Hannah used to experience insomnia once or twice a week. A month ago she starting taking Seconal to help her sleep, but now she finds she cannot get to sleep unless she takes a Seconal tablet. This would suggest that Hannah has

a.	developed a drug tolerance for Seconal.
b.	developed a physical dependency on Seconal.
c.	habituated to the effects of Seconal.
d.	developed pseudoinsomnia.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 176            OBJ:   5.20               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

178. Which of the following drugs would MOST likely result in a fatal overdose?

a.	LSD
b.	mescaline
c.	marijuana
d.	morphine

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 176            OBJ:   5.21               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

179. Which of the following drugs is LEAST likely to result in a fatal overdose?

a.	LSD
b.	heroin
c.	cocaine
d.	morphine

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 176            OBJ:   5.21               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

180. Which of the following is NOT an example of a direct effect health-related risk associated with recreational drugs?

a.	marijuana can increase the risk of respiratory disease
b.	sedatives and alcohol can increase the risk of automobile accidents
c.	cocaine can increase the risk of heart attacks
d.	alcohol can increase the risk of liver damage

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 177            OBJ:   5.21               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

181. Which drug has the MOST diverse negative effects on physical health?

a.	marijuana
b.	alcohol
c.	cocaine
d.	heroin

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 176-177     OBJ:   5.21               KEY:  Factual

 

182. Chronic, heavy use of marijuana is NOT associated with

a.	decreases in testosterone levels.
b.	sterility and impotence in men.
c.	increased risk of automobile accidents.
d.	increase risk for respiratory and pulmonary disease.

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 176-177     OBJ:   5.21               KEY:  Factual

 

 

183. The findings discussed in this chapter show that people often misjudge the quality of their sleep and that the alterations of consciousness produced by drugs often depend on personal experiences BEST illustrates which of the textbook’s unifying themes?

a.	psychology is empirical
b.	psychology evolves in a socio-historical context
c.	our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage
d.	our experience of the world is highly subjective

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 178            OBJ:   5.22               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

184. The fact that the importance people place on dreams varies across societies best illustrates which of the textbook’s unifying themes?

a.	psychology is empirical
b.	psychology evolves in a socio-historical context
c.	our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage
d.	our experience of the world is highly subjective

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 178            OBJ:   5.22               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

185. The fact that the alterations of consciousness produced by drugs depend significantly on personal expectations illustrates which of the following unifying themes?

a.	psychology is empirical
b.	psychology evolves in a socio-historical context
c.	behavior is determined by multiple causes
d.	our experience of the world is highly subjective

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 178            OBJ:   5.22               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

186. The effects of many psychoactive drugs depend to a large extent on users’ expectations. This finding illustrates which of your text’s unifying themes?

a.	psychology is empirical
b.	psychology evolves in a socio-historical context
c.	our experience of the world is highly subjective
d.	our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 178            OBJ:   5.22               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

187. What is the impact of theoretical debate?

a.	to create rivalry
b.	to stimulate research
c.	to guide research
d.	to create rivalry, stimulate and guide research

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 178-179     OBJ:   5.22               KEY:  Factual

 

188. Behavior is governed by ______ illustrates one of your texts unifying themes:

a.	multifactorial causes
b.	individual factors
c.	only environmental factors
d.	only internal factors

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 178            OBJ:   5.22               TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

189. The effect of short naps are

a.	generally considered to be a waste of time.
b.	generally considered to be damaging to the quality of sleep.
c.	variable depending on the person.
d.	a great enhancement to the overall quality of sleep.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 179            OBJ:   5.23               TOP:   NEW

KEY:  factual

 

190. Clayton is 40 years old, and slightly overweight. What sleep problem is he MOST likely to experience?

a.	snoring
b.	insomnia
c.	early morning waking
d.	sleep walking

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   p. 179            OBJ:   5.23               TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Critical thinking

 

191. All of the following can negatively impact sleep quality EXCEPT

a.	going to bed stuffed with food.
b.	consuming caffeine in the late afternoon.
c.	exercising during the day.
d.	smoking before bed.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 180            OBJ:   5.23               TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

192. Meghan has had trouble falling asleep for three nights in a row. She is becoming anxious about her developing insomnia. This anxiety is likely to ______ her sleeping troubles.

a.	alleviate
b.	exacerbate
c.	have no impact
d.	none of the above

 

 

ANS:  B                    REF:   p. 180            OBJ:   5.23               TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Critical thinking

 

193. Many dreams are forgotten. Specifically, what percentage of dreams is forgotten?

a.	60-65%
b.	85-90%
c.	95-99%
d.	40-44%

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 181            OBJ:   5.24               TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

194. According to Freud the plot and other surface characteristics of dreams are

a.	latent content.
b.	symbolic content.
c.	factual content.
d.	manifest content.

 

 

ANS:  D                    REF:   p. 181            OBJ:   5.24               TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Factual

 

195. The tendency to equate naming something with explaining it is known as the

a.	development of tolerance.
b.	mental set.
c.	nominal fallacy.
d.	REM effect.

 

 

ANS:  C                    REF:   p. 183            OBJ:   5.25               KEY:  Factual

 

196. Kelly knows that something is wrong with her son. He won’t talk or make eye contact, and he often seems incapable of being reached socially.  A therapist tells her her son has autism.  Kelly feels like this label explains everything about her son’s behavior.  Kelly is guilty of

a.	the nominal fallacy.
b.	critical thinking.
c.	manifest content.
d.	the latent fallacy.

 

 

ANS:  A                    REF:   183                OBJ:   5.25               TOP:   NEW

KEY:  Applied