Psychology Themes and Variations Briefer International Edition 9Th Edition By Wayne Weiten - Test Bank

Psychology Themes and Variations Briefer International Edition 9Th Edition By Wayne Weiten – Test Bank

 

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Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 5 Multiple-Choice Items

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations, and external stimuli is defined as

a.	consciousness.
b.	hypnosis.
c.	sensation.
d.	perception.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ:   5.1                 TOP:   WWW            KEY:  Factual

 

2. The awareness of internal and external stimuli defines

a.	wakefulness.
b.	the unconscious.
c.	consciousness.
d.	alertness.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

3. The idea that one’s consciousness continually changes, fluctuates, and wanders characterizes William James’s concept that consciousness is

a.	an incomplete picture puzzle.
b.	a partially submerged iceberg.
c.	a stream.
d.	a flower garden.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

4. If you could tape-record your thoughts, you would find

a.	a system of hierarchically organized cognitions.
b.	one central thought and multiple, related subsidiary thoughts.
c.	an endless flow of ideas that constantly shifts and changes.
d.	an organized system of parallel thoughts.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

5. The example of a new parent who sleeps through a loud thunderstorm, but wakes up the minute his newborn infant begins to cry is used to illustrate that during sleep, there is

a.	no awareness of external stimuli.
b.	a selective awareness of external stimuli.
c.	no awareness of either external or internal stimuli.
d.	an awareness of all external stimuli.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

 

 

6. The personal awareness you have of both internal and external stimuli, and your thoughts concerning those stimuli, comprise your

a.	attention.
b.	unconsciousness.
c.	consciousness.
d.	alertness.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

7. William James proposed the concept ____ to describe the continually changing aspect of consciousness.

a.	circadian consciousness
b.	flow of consciousness
c.	stream of unconsciousness
d.	stream of consciousness

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ:   5.1                 TOP:   WWW            KEY:  Factual

 

8. According to Sigmund Freud, conscious and unconscious processes are different

a.	levels of reality.
b.	levels of awareness.
c.	streams of awareness.
d.	streams of consciousness.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

9. Doctors and nurses try to “watch what they say” when performing surgery because

a.	the concentration of other members of the surgical team is disrupted by unnecessary comments.
b.	people under anesthesia occasionally awaken completely during surgery.
c.	people under anesthesia maintain some awareness and can occasionally hear comments.
d.	the patient’s family members occasionally overhear comments.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

10. The electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the

a.	corpus callosum.
b.	cerebral cortex.
c.	hypothalamus.
d.	medulla.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11. A device that measures electrical activity in the brain over time by the means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the skin is

a.	a CT scan.
b.	electroencephalograph.
c.	an MRI.
d.	an fMRI.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

12. An electroencephalograph is a device that measures

a.	glucose metabolism in the brain.
b.	muscle tension in the body.
c.	respiration rates as an index of arousal.
d.	electrical activity of the brain.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

13. Which of the following does NOT belong with the other three?

a.	omega
b.	beta
c.	alpha
d.	delta

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 88%

REF:   On the Nature of Consciousness       OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

14. The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is

a.	gamma.
b.	beta.
c.	alpha.
d.	delta.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 58%

REF:   On the Nature of Consciousness       OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

15. Which brain wave is probably operating while you are taking this exam?

a.	alpha
b.	beta
c.	theta
d.	delta

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

16. The delta-wave EEG pattern is associated with

a.	dreaming.
b.	deep sleep.
c.	a waking state.
d.	none of these states.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 79%

REF:   On the Nature of Consciousness       OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Factual

 

17. At this moment, as you are concentrating on answering this exam question correctly, your dominant brain-wave pattern MOST likely consists of

a.	alpha waves.
b.	beta waves.
c.	delta waves.
d.	theta waves.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

18. If you were to lie down under a tree and relax but not fall asleep, your dominant brain-wave pattern would MOST likely consist of

a.	alpha waves.
b.	beta waves.
c.	delta waves.
d.	theta waves.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ:   5.1                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

19. The 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species are known as ____ rhythms.

a.	circadian
b.	slow-wave
c.	rem
d.	subcortical

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Biological Rhythms and Sleep

OBJ:   5.2                 KEY:  Factual

 

20. The circadian rhythm operates around

a.	a 1-year cycle.
b.	a 28-day cycle.
c.	a 24-hour cycle.
d.	a 90-minute cycle.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Biological Rhythms and Sleep

OBJ:   5.2                 KEY:  Factual

 

21. Which of the following glands is responsible for secreting the hormone involved in adjustments to our biological clocks?

a.	the pineal gland
b.	the pituitary gland
c.	the thyroid
d.	the gonads

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Biological Rhythms and Sleep

OBJ:   5.2                 TOP:   WWW            KEY:  Factual

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

22. Kayla’s core body temperature has risen 1.5 degrees in the last half hour. This change in body temperature means that it is most likely that Kayla

a.	has just fallen asleep.
b.	will fall asleep in the next 60 minutes.
c.	has just woken up.
d.	has been meditating for the past 30 minutes.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Biological Rhythms and Sleep

OBJ:   5.2                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

23. Signals sent from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the pineal gland have been implicated in

a.	inducing sleep.
b.	causing one to dream.
c.	alpha rhythm generation.
d.	adjusting one’s biological clock.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 46%

REF:   Biological Rhythms and Sleep         OBJ:   5.2                 KEY:  Factual

 

24. Which of the following appears to be the sequence of events associated with resetting one’s  biological clock?

a.	The hypothalamus signals the thalamus, which in turn sends signals to the medial forebrain bundle.
b.	The thalamus signals the optic chiasm, which in turn causes a release of the hormone philoxin, which activates the renal gland.
c.	The suprachiasmatic nucleus signals the pineal gland, which in turn secretes the hormone melatonin.
d.	The superior colliculus signals the thalamus, which stimulates Broca’s area.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 71%

REF:   Biological Rhythms and Sleep         OBJ:   5.2                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

25. The hormone that appears to play a key role in adjusting our biological clocks is

a.	melatonin.
b.	cholecystokinin.
c.	serotonin.
d.	phenylalanine.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 73%

REF:   Biological Rhythms and Sleep         OBJ:   5.2                 KEY:  Factual

 

26. What appears to be responsible for regulating the circadian rhythm?

a.	Amount of time spent sleeping
b.	Amount of time spent awake
c.	Cultural practices
d.	Exposure to light

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Biological Rhythms and Sleep

OBJ:   5.2                 KEY:  Factual

 

 

 

 

 

27. Mary is a “night person” and Gary is a “morning person.” This difference is probably due to differences in their

a.	REM sleep patterns.
b.	cytoplasm.
c.	circadian rhythms.
d.	use of alcohol.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 73%

REF:   Biological Rhythms and Sleep         OBJ:   5.2                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

28. The day-night cycle resets the human biological clock when light causes receptors in the retina to direct input to the ____ of the ____.

a.	pineal gland; medulla
b.	pineal gland; hypothalamus
c.	suprachiasmatic nucleus; medulla
d.	suprachiasmatic nucleus; hypothalamus

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Biological Rhythms and Sleep

OBJ:   5.2                 KEY:  Factual

 

29. Based on what is known about circadian rhythms and jet lag, you might expect that a flight attendant would experience the most jet lag on a flight from

a.	Philadelphia to San Francisco (east to west).
b.	Minneapolis to Houston (north to south).
c.	San Francisco to Philadelphia (west to east).
d.	Houston to Minneapolis (south to north).

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Biological Rhythms and Sleep

OBJ:   5.3                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

30. Research has shown that people who work on a rotating shift schedule are ____ to have accidents and be ____ productive than people who do not work on a rotating shift schedule.

a.	more apt; just as
b.	less apt; less
c.	less apt; more
d.	more apt; less

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 89%

REF:   Biological Rhythms and Sleep         OBJ:   5.3                 KEY:  Factual

 

31. The evidence from numerous studies on the effectiveness of melatonin indicates that

a.	melatonin consistently reduces the effects of jet lag.
b.	melatonin consistently enhances the effects of jet lag by resynchronizing the biological clock in the wrong direction.
c.	melatonin can be used to reduce jet lag if the dose is given at the right time.
d.	melatonin can be used to reduce jet lag if the right dose is taken.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Biological Rhythms and Sleep

OBJ:   5.3                 KEY:  Factual

 

 

 

 

 

32. Felicia is a participant in a study on stress reactions. Which of the following instruments would MOST likely be used to measure her muscle tension?

a.	electromyograph
b.	circadiometer
c.	electroencephalograph
d.	polygraph

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

33. Philippe is being monitored in a sleep lab. Which of the following instruments would MOST likely be used to measure his eye movements?

a.	electromyograph
b.	electrooculograph
c.	electroencephalograph
d.	polygraph

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

34. Stage 1 sleep is represented by EEG brain-wave patterns referred to as

a.	alpha waves.
b.	REM waves.
c.	theta waves.
d.	zeta waves.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Factual

 

35. Victoria is listening to a lecture in a hot lecture hall, late on a Friday afternoon. She starts to feel drowsy and then falls into a light sleep. If her brain-wave patterns were being monitored, they would show a shift from

a.	alpha waves to beta waves and finally to delta waves.
b.	theta waves to beta waves and finally to alpha waves.
c.	beta waves to alpha waves and finally to theta waves.
d.	beta waves to theta waves and finally to alpha waves.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

36. Alexander is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab. As the researcher watches the printout from the EEG, theta waves appear. Based on this information, the researcher can conclude that Alexander

a.	has just entered Stage 3 sleep.
b.	is still awake, but is relaxed and drowsy.
c.	has just entered Stage 1 sleep.
d.	is currently in REM sleep.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

 

 

 

37. Sleep spindles, which appear against a background of mixed EEG activity, are characteristic of

a.	Stage 1 sleep.
b.	Stage 2 sleep.
c.	Stage 4 sleep.
d.	REM sleep.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 29%

REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle           OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Factual

 

38. Ryan is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab. As the researcher watches the printout from the EEG, sleep spindles begin to appear. Based on this information, the researcher can conclude that Ryan

a.	is currently in REM sleep.
b.	has just entered Stage 2 sleep.
c.	has just entered Stage 1 sleep.
d.	is still awake, but is relaxed and drowsy.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

39. Rebecca is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab. As the researcher watches the printout from the EEG, delta waves appear. Based on this information, the researcher can conclude that Rebecca

a.	has just entered Stage 1 sleep.
b.	is still awake, but is relaxed and drowsy.
c.	is currently in REM sleep.
d.	has just entered Stage 3 sleep.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

40. As a person falls into deeper sleep, his pattern of brain-wave activity becomes both ____ in frequency and ____ in amplitude.

a.	slower; higher
b.	faster; higher
c.	slower; lower
d.	faster; lower

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Factual

 

41. Peter is in a deep sleep, and his brain-wave pattern consists of low-frequency delta waves. Peter is experiencing which stage of sleep?

a.	REM
b.	Stages 3 or 4
c.	Stage 1
d.	Stage 2

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

 

 

 

42. Sleep Stages 3 and 4 are referred to as

a.	low-amplitude sleep.
b.	high-amplitude sleep.
c.	slow-wave sleep.
d.	fast-wave sleep.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 TOP:   WWW            KEY:  Factual

 

43. REM sleep is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

a.	minimal bodily movement.
b.	regular breathing and pulse rate.
c.	beta waves.
d.	dreaming.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

44. The brain-wave pattern of a person in ____ sleep resembles the brain-wave pattern observed when the individual is awake and alert.

a.	Stage 1
b.	Stage 4
c.	REM
d.	NREM

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Factual

 

45. The paradox concerning REM sleep is while

a.	it is a deep sleep, the person is easy to awaken.
b.	it is a deep sleep, the brain-wave pattern resembles the pattern of an alert and awake individual.
c.	the person is dreaming, the brain-wave pattern resembles that of an awake and relaxed individual.
d.	the person is dreaming, his muscles are practically paralyzed.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

46. If you were awakened while you are experiencing rapid eye movements, you probably would report that you had

a.	a headache.
b.	been dreaming.
c.	not been dreaming.
d.	not really been asleep.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

 

 

 

47. Bailey is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab. She has been asleep for just over an hour now, and her EEG is showing low-amplitude brain-wave patterns. Her breathing and pulse rate are irregular, and her eyes are darting back and forth beneath her closed eyelids. The researcher who is monitoring Bailey’s sleep can conclude that Bailey

a.	has just entered REM sleep.
b.	has just entered Stage 4 sleep.
c.	is experiencing sleep anoxia and needs immediate medical attention.
d.	suffers from a sleep disorder.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

48. A rapid EEG (beta waves), dreaming, rapid eye movements, and profound muscle relaxation go with

a.	Stage 1 sleep.
b.	Stage 2 sleep.
c.	REM sleep.
d.	relaxed wakefulness.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 90%

REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle           OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Factual

 

49. Dr. Everett is observing Robert in a sleep lab. Dr. Everett intends to wake Robert up each time he begins REM sleep. Based on the electroencephalograph (EEG) recordings, Robert should be awakened each time the EEG shows

a.	alpha-wave activity.
b.	low-voltage, high-frequency beta waves.
c.	the presence of sleep spindles.
d.	theta-wave activity.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

50. You are observing your friend Melissa while she is sleeping. She is tossing and turning. It is MOST likely that Melissa is currently in

a.	NREM sleep and is acting out a dream that she is experiencing.
b.	REM sleep and is acting out a dream that she is experiencing.
c.	NREM sleep, and her movements are random.
d.	REM sleep, and her movements are random.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

51. “Manny got out of bed and began doing calisthenics during REM sleep, probably because he was dreaming about boot camp.” What is WRONG with this statement?

a.	Sleep is a relaxed condition of the body and, as such, precludes physical activity.
b.	Research shows that no dreaming takes place in REM sleep.
c.	Research shows that we are virtually paralyzed in REM sleep.
d.	Manny was never in boot camp, so he is not likely to be dreaming about it.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

 

 

 

52. Olivia has trouble staying asleep for more than four hours at a time. Olivia is likely to experience

a.	more vivid dreams than people who sleep for a full eight hours.
b.	less REM sleep than people who sleep for a full eight hours.
c.	less deep sleep than people who sleep for a full eight hours.
d.	more sleep spindles than people who sleep for a full eight hours.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

53. In general, as the cycle of sleep recurs through the night, it tends to contain

a.	more Stage 4 and less REM.
b.	more Stage 4 and more REM.
c.	less Stage 4 and less REM.
d.	less Stage 4 and more REM.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 68%

REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle           OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Factual

 

54. Given the cyclical nature of sleep, we can expect to do the MOST dreaming

a.	toward the beginning of the night’s sleep.
b.	in the middle of the night’s sleep.
c.	in NREM sleep.
d.	toward the end of the night’s sleep.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 62%

REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle           OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

55. REM periods of sleep tend to ____ as the night goes on.

a.	deepen
b.	lighten
c.	shorten
d.	lengthen

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Factual

 

56. A person typically has ____ sleep cycles during the course of a night’s sleep.

a.	one
b.	two
c.	four
d.	six

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Factual

 

57. The majority of slow-wave sleep occurs ____ the course of a night’s sleep.

a.	early in
b.	late in
c.	in the middle of
d.	evenly distributed throughout

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Factual

 

 

 

58. The stage of sleep in which the SLOWEST brain waves occur is

a.	Stage 1.
b.	Stage 2.
c.	REM.
d.	Stage 4.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 67%

REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle           OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Factual

 

59. If you normally sleep eight hours each night, and last night you only slept for six hours, which stage of sleep would be MOST affected by the loss of total sleep time?

a.	Slow-wave
b.	NREM
c.	Stage 2
d.	REM

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

60. Charlene is 12, and her elderly aunt has come for a visit. The aunt is using the spare bed in Charlene’s room. Several times during the night, the aunt awakens briefly and then falls back to sleep. Charlene doesn’t awaken at all during the night. This difference in sleep patterns can best be explained by research that shows

a.	during adulthood, the proportion of REM sleep gradually declines.
b.	during adulthood, the proportion of slow-wave sleep increases significantly.
c.	the elderly are more affected by jet lag and shifts in their circadian rhythm.
d.	during adulthood, the proportion of slow-wave sleep gradually declines.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

61. Compared to young adults, infants sleep for a ____ period of time each day and spend a ____ proportion of their total sleep time in REM sleep.

a.	longer; smaller
b.	longer; larger
c.	shorter; larger
d.	shorter; smaller

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Factual

 

62. As adults age, the proportion of sleep time they spend in slow-wave sleep ____ while the proportion of time spent in REM sleep ____.

a.	remains stable; decreases
b.	decreases; remains stable
c.	increases; decreases
d.	decreases; increases

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Factual

 

 

 

 

 

63. Recent research suggests that sleep deprivation causes

a.	more impairment in older adults than younger adults.
b.	less impairment in older adults than younger adults.
c.	about the same level of impairment in older and younger adults.
d.	no impairment in either older or younger adults.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Factual

 

64. Which of the following statements about napping practices is NOT accurate?

a.	Napping practices vary along cultural lines.
b.	Industrialization tends to undermine the siesta tradition.
c.	The siesta tradition is found mostly in tropical regions.
d.	The siesta tradition is generally found in most nomadic groups.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 52%

REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle           OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

65. Cody is visiting his pen pal in a tropical, nonindustrialized village. Cody is likely to find that the inhabitants of the village

a.	take a 1- to 2-hour midday nap each day.
b.	are less likely than Americans to encourage co-sleeping.
c.	experience less REM sleep than is typical for Americans.
d.	experience less slow-wave sleep than is typical for Americans.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

66. The midday napping practices of “siesta cultures” are adaptive because the siesta allows individuals

a.	a necessary break from their extremely physical labor.
b.	to sleep at the same time as their young infants.
c.	time to digest their large midday meal.
d.	to avoid working during the hottest part of the day.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.4                 KEY:  Factual

 

67. For the past month, Mitchell has had difficulty falling asleep at night. Even though he goes to bed at his usual time, he lays awake for several hours before he finally drifts off to sleep. As a result, Mitchell has only been getting 5 to 6 hours of sleep, instead of the 8 hours he is used to. Mitchell is likely to find that his lack of sleep leads to

a.	the inability to solve complex problems.
b.	impaired attention.
c.	hallucinations and general disorientation.
d.	night terrors when he actually does fall asleep.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

68. Individuals with partial sleep deprivation or sleep restriction experience

a.	impaired attention.
b.	impaired motor coordination.
c.	impaired decision-making.
d.	impaired attention, motor coordination, and decision-making.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

69. Recent research suggests that neurogenesis may be fostered by

a.	REM sleep.
b.	hypnosis.
c.	alcohol consumption.
d.	memory loss.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

70. While serving as a subject at a sleep clinic, Erica is deprived of dreaming for several nights. As a result, she is likely to

a.	experience REM rebound and spend more time in REM sleep on subsequent nights.
b.	become accustomed to going without dreaming and spend less time in REM sleep on subsequent nights.
c.	immediately return to a normal sleep cycle when she is allowed to sleep through the night.
d.	have difficulty achieving REM on subsequent nights.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 54%

REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle           OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

71. Kara has just fallen asleep and immediately slips into REM. Kara has probably experienced or undergone

a.	selective sleep deprivation.
b.	alcohol overdose.
c.	NREM rebound.
d.	biofeedback training.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 78%

REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle           OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

72. People who are selectively deprived of slow-wave sleep for several nights in a row

a.	will suffer no ill effects whatsoever.
b.	need to be awakened less and less frequently as the deprivation goes on.
c.	will make up for the lost slow-wave sleep when allowed to sleep normally again.
d.	will spend more time in REM sleep to compensate.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

73. Ethan took part in a research study in which he was awakened each time he entered slow-wave sleep for three consecutive nights. Now that Ethan is back at home, it is likely that he will

a.	develop insomnia and show general disturbances in his sleep patterns.
b.	spend extra time in slow-wave sleep for several nights.
c.	spend less time in slow-wave sleep than he did before he took part in the study.
d.	spend extra time in both slow-wave and REM sleep for several nights.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

74. One possible explanation for why humans need REM and slow-wave sleep focuses on the possibility that they contribute to

a.	keeping the individual safe from predators.
b.	the firming up of the learning that took place during that day.
c.	impairing the creative response.
d.	helping the individual keep a low body temperature.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

75. Differences between a REM dream and a non-REM dream include

a.	non-REM dreams are more vivid, visual, and story-like.
b.	dreamers tend to remember their non-REM dreams more frequently and clearly.
c.	REM dreams are more vivid, visual, and story-like.
d.	non-REM dreams don’t exist.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

76. Correlational research shows that people who consistently sleep less than seven hours exhibit ____ mortality risk, and people who consistently sleep more than eight hours exhibit ____ mortality risk.

a.	an increased; a decreased
b.	a decreased; an increased
c.	an increased; an increased
d.	a decreased; a decreased

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

77. Results from a variety of selective deprivation sleep studies have shown that people have a specific need for

a.	at least four hours of sleep each night.
b.	slow-wave sleep.
c.	REM sleep.
d.	REM and slow-wave sleep.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.5                 KEY:  Factual

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

78. The most common known sleep disorder is

a.	sleep apnea.
b.	night terrors.
c.	insomnia.
d.	somnambulism.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 92%

REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle           OBJ:   5.6                 TOP:   WWW

KEY:  Factual

 

79. For the past week, Laura has had difficulty falling asleep at night. Even though she goes to bed at her usual time, she lays awake for several hours before she finally drifts off to sleep. It appears that Laura is experiencing

a.	narcolepsy.
b.	sleep apnea.
c.	insomnia.
d.	night terrors.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

80. Sheri has no trouble falling asleep, but she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri is suffering from

a.	insomnia.
b.	narcolepsy.
c.	sleep apnea.
d.	pseudoinsomnia.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

81. Anne has noticed that for the past three weeks, she is unable to sleep for more than five hours at a time, even though she used to regularly get eight hours of sleep per night. She wakes early in the morning and just can’t fall back to sleep once this happens. It appears that Anne has developed

a.	somnambulism.
b.	insomnia.
c.	pseudoinsomnia.
d.	sleep apnea.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

82. The best estimates suggest that about what percentage of adults report problems with insomnia?

a.	15–17%
b.	30–35%
c.	49–50%
d.	75–80%

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Factual

 

 

 

 

 

 

83. Which of the following statements regarding the use of sleeping pills is LEAST accurate?

a.	They are a good long-range solution for insomnia.
b.	There is some danger of overdose.
c.	They can make people drowsy the next day.
d.	They gradually become less effective with continued use.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 88%

REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle           OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

84. For the past two weeks, Cameron has been taking a mild sedative to help him fall asleep. He is likely to find that

a.	he now needs to take a larger dose in order to fall asleep because sedatives become less effective over time.
b.	he can take less of the drug because the effects of sedatives tend to be cumulative.
c.	he will spend more of the night dreaming than he did without the sedative.
d.	after two weeks, his insomnia should be cured, and he can stop using the sedative.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

85. Nathaniel’s wife cannot sleep through the night. She claims that her husband seems to stop breathing in his sleep and then suddenly jerks awake, gasping for breath. This not only disturbs his sleep, it also awakens her. It is likely that Nathaniel

a.	has narcolepsy.
b.	is experiencing night terrors.
c.	has sleep apnea.
d.	has developed pseudoinsomnia.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

86. Stephen wanders about while remaining asleep. Stephen’s condition is called

a.	narcology.
b.	sleep tremors.
c.	somnambulism.
d.	agnosia.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 74%

REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle           OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

87. Iris has been asleep for less than an hour. Her parents are surprised when she walks into the living room, and they tell her to go back to sleep. The next day, Iris does not remember getting up after she went to bed. From this description, it appears that Iris experienced

a.	a night terror.
b.	somnambulism.
c.	a nightmare.
d.	an episode of sleep apnea.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

 

 

 

88. Which of the following statements regarding sleepwalking is MOST accurate?

a.	Sleepwalking is generally a manifestation of underlying psychological problems.
b.	It is unsafe to awaken a sleepwalker.
c.	Sleepwalking typically occurs while the person is dreaming.
d.	There appears to be a genetic predisposition to sleepwalking.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Factual

 

89. Sleepwalking is MOST likely to occur

a.	when a person has emotional or psychological problems.
b.	after a person has been asleep for several hours.
c.	during slow-wave sleep.
d.	during REM sleep.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ:   5.6                 KEY:  Factual

 

90. Research has revealed that most dreams are

a.	about fairly normal activities.
b.	about fairly bizarre activities.
c.	random bursts of activity with little coherence.
d.	focused on others rather than oneself.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 62%

REF:   The World of Dreams                      OBJ:   5.7                 KEY:  Factual

 

91. According to research evidence on dream content, which of the following would a student be LEAST likely to dream about?

a.	falling from the top of a tall building on campus
b.	being chased by his or her most feared instructor
c.	a political candidate who held strong views about tuition increases
d.	missing an important exam

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 70%

REF:   The World of Dreams                      OBJ:   5.7                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

92. Freud called the contents of our waking life that spill into our dreams

a.	the day residue.
b.	manifest content.
c.	reticular synthesis.
d.	wish fulfillment.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The World of Dreams

OBJ:   5.7                 TOP:   WWW            KEY:  Factual

 

93. In which culture would people be held responsible for their dream actions? (For example, an erotic dream about someone could be seen as an adulterous act.)

a.	Marakesh of Morocco
b.	Aborigines of Australia
c.	Arapesh of New Guinea
d.	Parintinin of Brazil

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The World of Dreams

OBJ:   5.8                 KEY:  Factual

 

94. The theorist who advanced the wish-fulfillment idea about dreaming was

a.	Cartwright.
b.	Hobson.
c.	McCarley.
d.	Freud.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 76%

REF:   The World of Dreams                      OBJ:   5.8                 KEY:  Factual

 

95. According to Freud, a sexually frustrated person would probably have highly erotic dreams because, according to him, the principal purpose of a dream is

a.	sexual gratification.
b.	conflict resolution.
c.	wish fulfillment.
d.	the repression of unconscious desires.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 56%

REF:   The World of Dreams                      OBJ:   5.8                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

96. Denise is unemployed. Over the past three years, she has been fired from 10 different positions. If you interpreted Denise’s dream of being the CEO of a Fortune 500 company as an attempt for Denise to fulfill ungratified needs from her waking life, you would be subscribing to the

a.	problem-solving theory of dreams.
b.	activation-synthesis theory of dreams.
c.	wish-fulfillment theory of dreams.
d.	neural overflow hypothesis of dreams.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The World of Dreams

OBJ:   5.8                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

97. If you interpreted Peter’s dream of arguing with a larger-than-life faceless authority figure as an attempt on his part to decide which approach to take in convincing his father of the merits of his future plans, you would be subscribing to the

a.	problem-solving theory of dreams.
b.	activation-synthesis theory of dreams.
c.	wish-fulfillment theory of dreams.
d.	neural overflow hypothesis of dreams.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 70%

REF:   The World of Dreams                      OBJ:   5.8                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

98. The use of dreams to satisfy ungratified needs is referred to as

a.	id idealization.
b.	self-centeredness.
c.	wish fulfillment.
d.	sublimation.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The World of Dreams

OBJ:   5.8                 TOP:   WWW            KEY:  Factual

 

 

 

 

 

99. If a college student who is struggling to keep from flunking out of school dreams of winning the “student of the year award,” this dream would be MOST consistent with which theory of dreaming?

a.	fantasy
b.	activation synthesis
c.	wish fulfillment
d.	problem-solving

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The World of Dreams

OBJ:   5.8                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

100. The idea that dreams are times when people can think creatively about what is going on in their lives and then use that information later when awake is consistent with the

a.	wish-fulfillment view of dreams.
b.	problem-solving view of dreams.
c.	synergistic view of dreams.
d.	James-Verduin view of dreams.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 65%

REF:   The World of Dreams                      OBJ:   5.8                 KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

101. Logan has a dream in which he is taken captive by a band of talking cats who force him to solve complex algebra problems for them. According to Rosalind Cartwright’s cognitive theory of dreaming, the images in Logan’s dream represent

a.	an interpretation of random neuron activity in lower brain centers.
b.	the manifest content of the dream.
c.	an attempt to work through problems he is currently experiencing in his life.
d.	the latent content of the dream.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The World of Dreams

OBJ:   5.8                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

102. The idea that dreams are the cortex’s attempt to make sense out of bursts of general firing from lower brain centers is the core of

a.	the wish-fulfillment theory of dreaming.
b.	the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming.
c.	the problem-solving theory of dreaming.
d.	no current theory of dreaming.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The World of Dreams

OBJ:   5.8                 KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

103. Danielle had a dream in which she was playing rummy with an elephant wearing suspenders. The next instant, the elephant had changed into one of her grade-school teachers and they were watching a purple sunset over a red ocean. According to the activation-synthesis model of dreaming, the sudden bizarre changes in settings that took place in Danielle’s dream represent

a.	an interpretation of random neuron activity in lower brain centers.
b.	the manifest content of the dream.
c.	the latent content of the dream.
d.	an attempt to work through problems she is currently experiencing in her life.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The World of Dreams

OBJ:   5.8                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

104. The observations that both the discovery of insulin and refinements in the design of the sewing machine were inspired, in part, by dreams, provides support for the ____ theory of dreaming.

a.	activation-synthesis
b.	conservation of energy
c.	wish-fulfillment
d.	problem-solving

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   The World of Dreams

OBJ:   5.8                 KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

105. Hypnosis owes its beginnings to the work of which of the following?

a.	Sigmund Freud
b.	Franz Anton Mesmer
c.	Ernest Hilgard
d.	Harry Houdini

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ:   5.9                 TOP:   WWW            KEY:  Factual

 

106. A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility is known as

a.	mesmerization
b.	hypnosis
c.	hallucinations
d.	hypersomnia

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ:   5.9                 KEY:  Factual

 

107. Research suggests that about ____ of the population does NOT respond to hypnosis.

a.	1–2%
b.	25–30%
c.	40%
d.	10–20%

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ:   5.9                 KEY:  Factual

 

108. Research suggests that about ____ of people are exceptionally GOOD hypnotic subjects.

a.	1–2%
b.	20–25%
c.	10–15%
d.	40%

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ:   5.9                 KEY:  Factual

 

109. Which of the following is NOT a common effect of hypnosis?

a.	auditory and visual hallucinations
b.	the reduction of inhibitions
c.	some resistance to pain
d.	total loss of personal control

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 89%

REF:   Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?            OBJ:   5.9

KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

110. Katherine’s new dentist plans to use hypnosis instead of anesthesia while he works on Katherine’s teeth. Katherine asks you if she should go along with this, or if she should find another dentist. Based on research into the effects of hypnosis, you should tell her

a.	hypnosis typically has no effect on the experience of pain.
b.	hypnosis is only effective as an anesthetic when it is used in conjunction with sedatives.
c.	once she is no longer hypnotized, her sensitivity to pain will show a rebound effect.
d.	hypnosis can be an effective substitute for some anesthetic drugs.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ:   5.9                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

111. A stage hypnotist is sometimes successful in getting people to disrobe in public. What is the BEST explanation for this phenomenon?

a.	When hypnotized, a subject comes under the total control of the hypnotist and will follow any instructions to the letter.
b.	The subject is a confederate of the hypnotist and disrobes while pretending to be hypnotized.
c.	When hypnotized, subjects are able to convince themselves that they cannot be held responsible for their actions.
d.	The hypnotist is careful to select only those subjects who look as if they would enjoy disrobing in public.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 88%

REF:   Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?            OBJ:   5.9

KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

112. A hypnotist is putting on a demonstration, and your friend Benjamin is thinking about volunteering. However, he is a little nervous because he is afraid he might do things while he is hypnotized that he would normally not do. Based on research into the effects of hypnosis, you should tell Benjamin

a.	people will never do things under hypnosis that they would normally consider unacceptable.
b.	people will often do things under hypnosis that they would normally consider unacceptable.
c.	sometimes people will do things under hypnosis that they would normally consider unacceptable.
d.	hypnosis doesn’t really work, so he shouldn’t bother volunteering.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ:   5.9                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

113. Which of the following is the MOST common posthypnotic suggestion given to people?

a.	to act infantile
b.	to show amnesia and forget something
c.	to perform a behavior unusual for the person
d.	to act like an animal

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 82%

REF:   Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?            OBJ:   5.9

KEY:  Factual

 

 

 

 

 

114. The procedure used by a hypnotist that relaxes an individual and increases his attention and suggestibility is called a

a.	hypnotic induction.
b.	hypnotic trance.
c.	hypnotic dissociation.
d.	hypnotic deduction.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ:   5.9                 KEY:  Factual

 

115. Which of the following is NOT a common effect produced by hypnosis?

a.	posthypnotic suggestions
b.	decrease in sensitivity to suggestions
c.	sensory distortions and hallucinations
d.	anesthesia

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ:   5.9                 KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

116. The role-playing theory of hypnosis suggests that the hypnotized subject

a.	actually fakes the hypnotic state.
b.	enters into a trance and acts out suggestions.
c.	knows that he or she is only pretending.
d.	is in a normal state but acts out the role of a hypnotized person.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 70%

REF:   Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?            OBJ:   5.10

KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

117. The finding that memories of early life events reported by hypnotized subjects are often inaccurate

a.	supports the role-playing view of hypnosis.
b.	provides support for the notion of posthypnotic suggestion.
c.	supports the idea that hypnosis is a unique altered state.
d.	suggests that hypnosis can tap into the unconscious

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ:   5.10               TOP:   WWW            KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

118. While Kimberly was hypnotized, she vividly recalled the events of her first birthday party. However, when the events she described were compared with an actual video from her birthday party, most of the things she described did not actually happen. Kimberly’s inaccuracy in recall lends support to the view that hypnosis

a.	causes people to act out a role.
b.	is the same as REM sleep.
c.	creates a dissociation in conscious awareness.
d.	is the same as slow-wave sleep.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

 

 

 

119. While Nicholas was hypnotized, he was able to endure painful jaw surgery without any anesthesia. This could be taken as support for the view that hypnosis

a.	causes people to act out a role.
b.	is the same as REM sleep.
c.	is the same as slow-wave sleep.
d.	creates a dissociation in conscious awareness.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

120. Dissociation refers to

a.	a loss of inhibition by hypnotized subjects.
b.	a hypnotized subject’s willingness to act out the hypnotist’s suggestions.
c.	a splitting of mental processes into two separate, simultaneous streams of awareness.
d.	role-playing by hypnotized subjects in response to situational cues.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 85%

REF:   Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?            OBJ:   5.10

KEY:  Factual

 

121. The theory of hypnosis that suggests that hypnosis is NOT an altered state of consciousness is the

a.	wish-fulfillment theory.
b.	dissociation theory.
c.	role-playing theory.
d.	activation-synthesis theory.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Factual

 

122. Hilgard’s dissociation theory of hypnosis suggests that hypnosis is

a.	an altered state of consciousness.
b.	an altered state of consciousness.
c.	not an altered state of consciousness.
d.	identical to meditation.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Factual

 

123. The idea that hypnosis is associated with divided consciousness and is an altered state is MOST consistent with which of the following theories of hypnosis?

a.	Barber’s role theory
b.	Schachter’s cognitive theory
c.	Freud’s psychoanalytic theory
d.	Hilgard’s dissociation theory

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 50%

REF:   Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?            OBJ:   5.10

KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

 

 

 

 

 

124. The dissociation theory of hypnosis states that while hypnotized, a person’s consciousness is divided between two streams of consciousness: one is in communication with the external world and the other is the

a.	role-playing partner.
b.	visible monitor.
c.	overt observer.
d.	hidden observer.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ:   5.10               KEY:  Factual

 

125. Meditation has its roots in

a.	early Christianity.
b.	Eastern religions.
c.	transcendental psychology.
d.	the scientific study of the relaxation response.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 84%

REF:   Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation?                 OBJ:   5.11

KEY:  Factual

 

126. A family of practices that train attention to heighten awareness and bring mental process under greater voluntary control is known as

a.	hypnosis.
b.	transcendental psychology.
c.	meditation.
d.	Buddhism.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation?

OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Factual

 

127. Research has shown that meditation can produce a physiological state similar to

a.	the REM stage of sleep.
b.	that produced by hypnosis.
c.	relaxation.
d.	a drug-induced trance.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 63%

REF:   Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation?                 OBJ:   5.11

KEY:  Factual

 

128. Which of the following does NOT happen when a person is in a meditative state?

a.	alpha waves become more prominent in EEG recordings
b.	heart rate decreases
c.	oxygen consumption increases
d.	respiration rate decreases

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation?

OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

 

 

 

 

129. Scott’s brain is producing alpha and theta waves, and he shows a decrease in his heart rate, oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide elimination. Scott is probably

a.	hypnotized.
b.	in a drug-induced trance.
c.	meditating.
d.	in REM sleep.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation?

OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

130. Mark is meditating by concentrating on a specific sound to narrow his attention. Mark is using which style of meditation?

a.	focused attention
b.	open monitoring
c.	hypnotic induction
d.	dissociation

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation?

OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

131. Mark is meditating by attending to his immediate experience in a non-judgmental way. Mark is using which style of meditation?

a.	focused attention
b.	open monitoring
c.	hypnotic induction
d.	dissociation

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation?

OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

132. Hailey recently began meditating on a regular basis. Over the short term, Hailey should expect to experience

a.	an alteration in her consciousness similar to taking psychedelic drugs.
b.	an increase in relaxation and a decrease in autonomic arousal.
c.	a sense of euphoria similar to that experienced when taking opiate drugs.
d.	an improvement in her immune system and enhanced memory.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation?

OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

133. Which of the following statements regarding physiological functioning is NOT consistent with a person who is in a meditative state?

a.	reduced heart rate
b.	reduced respiration rate
c.	increased alpha and theta brain waves
d.	increased muscular tension

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation?

OBJ:   5.11               KEY:  Factual

 

 

 

 

 

 

134. Research has shown the long-term benefits of meditation to

a.	include benefits for physical health but not mental health.
b.	include benefits for mental health but not physical health.
c.	include benefits for both physical and mental health.
d.	be greatly exaggerated by advocates of meditation.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation?

OBJ:   5.12               KEY:  Factual

 

135. Recent research suggests that experienced meditators are able to endure more pain than non-mediators because of differences in

a.	opiate use.
b.	heart rate.
c.	neuron firing rate.
d.	brain structure.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation?

OBJ:   5.12               KEY:  Factual

 

136. Opiates such as morphine and heroin have a capacity to

a.	alleviate pain.
b.	improve memory.
c.	enhance sensory awareness.
d.	do all of these things

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 94%

REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs                                   OBJ:   5.13

KEY:  Factual

 

137. Heather is taking a prescription drug to control her back pain. She finds that when she takes the drug, she experiences some short-term drowsiness and nausea. It is likely that Heather’s physician has prescribed

a.	a stimulant.
b.	a sedative.
c.	a hallucinogen.
d.	a narcotic.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

138. A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as

a.	a hallucinogen.
b.	a sedative.
c.	a narcotic.
d.	an amphetamine.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 93%

REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs                                   OBJ:   5.13

KEY:  Factual

 

 

 

 

 

139. Charles is taking a prescription drug to reduce the anxiety he has been feeling since he lost his job. He finds that when he takes the drug, he experiences some short-term lethargy and impaired coordination. It is likely that Charles’ physician has prescribed

a.	a sedative.
b.	a narcotic.
c.	a stimulant.
d.	a hallucinogen.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

140. Adam has just consumed a substance that provides him with increased alertness and energy, along with reduced fatigue. However, it also makes him more talkative, increases his blood pressure, reduces his appetite, and makes him restless. Adam has likely ingested

a.	THC.
b.	an amphetamine.
c.	LSD.
d.	a sedative.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 83%

REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs                                   OBJ:   5.13

KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

141. Alicia is taking a prescription drug to help treat her narcolepsy. She finds that when she takes the drug, she feels extremely restless, irritable, and paranoid. It is likely that Alicia’s physician has prescribed

a.	a sedative.
b.	a stimulant.
c.	a narcotic.
d.	a hallucinogen.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

142. Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?

a.	cocaine
b.	LSD
c.	mescaline
d.	psilocybin

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

143. Renee is experiencing distortions in her sensory and perceptual processes. Additionally, she is exhibiting paranoia and “jumbled” thought processes. Renee is most likely under the influence of a

a.	hallucinogen.
b.	sedative.
c.	narcotic.
d.	stimulant.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 78%

REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs                                   OBJ:   5.13

KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

144. Wyatt uses a non-prescription drug on a regular basis. Some of the short-term side effects he experiences are mood swings and poor mental functioning. It is MOST likely Wyatt is using

a.	LSD.
b.	marijuana.
c.	alcohol.
d.	cocaine.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.13               TOP:   WWW            KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

145. Christopher has just taken a drug. He finds that his perceptions are altered, and he feels like his sensory awareness has increased. It is MOST likely that Christopher has taken

a.	LSD or mescaline.
b.	morphine or heroin.
c.	barbiturates or Quaaludes.
d.	cocaine or amphetamines.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

146. Madeline uses a non-prescription drug on a regular basis. Some of the short-term side effects she experiences are anxiety and impaired memory. It is MOST likely that Madeline is using

a.	marijuana.
b.	LSD.
c.	heroin.
d.	cocaine.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

147. Haley has severe glaucoma; she finds that its symptoms can be relieved by using a non-prescription drug. In addition to relieving the symptoms of glaucoma, the drug relaxes her and induces a mild feeling of euphoria. It is MOST likely that Haley is treating her glaucoma using

a.	cocaine.
b.	marijuana.
c.	heroin.
d.	mescaline.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

148. Chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, or behavioral functioning are referred to as

a.	hallucinogens.
b.	psychoactive drugs.
c.	narcotics or opiates.
d.	stimulants.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Factual

 

 

 

 

 

 

149. Which of the following drugs is NOT a narcotic?

a.	codeine
b.	cocaine
c.	morphine
d.	heroin

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Factual

 

150. If your roommate recently took a recreational drug and is very energetic, alert, and has an “I can conquer the world” euphoria, he MOST likely took

a.	a stimulant such as cocaine or amphetamine.
b.	a stimulant such as caffeine or nicotine.
c.	a sedative such as one of the barbiturates.
d.	a cannabis such as marijuana or hashish.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.13               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

151. The idea of multifactorial causation in drug effects suggests that

a.	taking several different drugs at the same time reduces their effects.
b.	taking several different drugs at once increases their effectiveness.
c.	the effects of a drug depend on the dosage and the user’s personal makeup and experience.
d.	each person will have the same physiological response to a drug, but there can be different psychological responses.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

152. A progressive decrease in one’s response to a drug with repeated and prolonged use is called

a.	withdrawal.
b.	habituation.
c.	dependency.
d.	tolerance.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 98%

REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs                                   OBJ:   5.14

KEY:  Factual

 

153. Seymour used to get quite a “buzz” from his first cup of coffee in the morning. Now he finds that he doesn’t start to feel alert until his third cup. This suggests that Seymour

a.	has developed a caffeine dependency.
b.	has developed a drug tolerance for caffeine.
c.	is experiencing the effects of caffeine withdrawal.
d.	has become caffeine intolerant.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

154. Among the following, which drug tends to produce tolerance most SLOWLY?

a.	narcotics
b.	stimulants
c.	sedatives
d.	alcohol

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 52%

REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs                                   OBJ:   5.14

KEY:  Factual

 

155. For which of the following drugs does the tolerance level develop the most RAPIDLY?

a.	cannabis
b.	sedatives
c.	alcohol
d.	hallucinogens

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 75%

REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs                                   OBJ:   5.14

KEY:  Factual

 

156. John needs to continue to take doses of morphine to avoid withdrawal illness symptoms. John is demonstrating

a.	physical dependence.
b.	psychological tolerance.
c.	physical tolerance.
d.	psychological dependence.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

157. When a person must continue to take a drug to satisfy intense cravings for the drug, he is demonstrating

a.	psychological tolerance.
b.	physical dependence.
c.	psychological dependence.
d.	physical tolerance.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

158. Judy feels that she needs her can of Diet Coke every morning to wake her up and satisfy her cravings. She doubts that she could ever give up drinking Diet Coke. Judy is demonstrating

a.	physical dependence.
b.	psychological tolerance.
c.	physical tolerance.
d.	psychological dependence.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

 

 

 

 

159. Which of the following drugs carries the GREATEST risk for physical and/or psychological dependence?

a.	LSD
b.	cocaine
c.	alcohol
d.	heroin

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.14               TOP:   WWW            KEY:  Factual

 

160. Aaron has been taking a mild amphetamine for the past four months to help him cope with being a full-time student while holding down a full-time job. Now that his classes have ended, he wants to stop taking the amphetamine, but each time he tries to skip the medication, he starts sweating and twitching. It appears that Aaron has

a.	developed a drug tolerance for amphetamines.
b.	become amphetamine intolerant.
c.	developed a physical dependence for amphetamines.
d.	habituated to the effects of amphetamines.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

161. Hannah used to experience insomnia once or twice a week. A month ago, she starting taking Seconal to help her sleep, but now she finds she cannot get to sleep unless she takes a Seconal tablet. This would suggest that Hannah has

a.	developed a drug tolerance for Seconal.
b.	developed a dependency on Seconal.
c.	habituated to the effects of Seconal.
d.	developed pseudoinsomnia.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

162. A morphine addict experiences a state of euphoria after a dose of morphine, and a postsurgical patient experiences a reduction in pain after the same dosage. This difference in effect most clearly reflects the influence of ____ on drug effects.

a.	personality
b.	expectations
c.	potency
d.	age

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

163. Which of the following categories of psychoactive drugs does NOT result in a rapid development a tolerance for the drug?

a.	hallucinogens
b.	sedatives
c.	stimulants
d.	narcotics

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

164. Dr. Montgomery has developed a new drug that blocks the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. It is likely that this drug will

a.	function as a sedative.
b.	have stimulant effects in the body.
c.	produce hallucinogenic effects.
d.	act as an effective pain killer.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

165. Psychoactive drugs work primarily by altering

a.	the functioning of the endocrine system.
b.	the functioning of sensory receptor cells.
c.	neurotransmitter activity in the brain.
d.	neurotransmitter activity in the peripheral nervous system.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

166. Amphetamines appear to exert their main effects by altering the release and reuptake of

a.	serotonin and acetylcholine.
b.	dopamine and norepinephrine.
c.	endorphins.
d.	GABA.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

167. Which of the following categories of psychoactive drugs has the LEAST risk for developing physical and psychological dependence?

a.	hallucinogens
b.	stimulants
c.	sedatives
d.	alcohol

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

168. Which category of psychoactive drug is best characterized as having a moderate risk for physical dependence associated with a high risk for psychological dependence?

a.	cannabis
b.	stimulants
c.	hallucinogens
d.	narcotics

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

169. Which of the following categories of psychoactive drugs has the greatest risk for developing physical and psychological dependence?

a.	narcotics and sedatives
b.	stimulants and hallucinogens
c.	sedatives and alcohol
d.	cannabis and alcohol

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

170. Symptoms such as fever, chills, tremors, convulsions, vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea are associated with

a.	consuming psychoactive drugs.
b.	tolerance.
c.	psychological dependence.
d.	physical dependence.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

171. The ____ neural pathway has been characterized as a “reward pathway” that is believed to be responsible for the reinforcing effects of most abused drugs.

a.	cortical
b.	medulla-pons
c.	mesolimbic dopamine
d.	hypothalamus dopamine

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.14               KEY:  Factual

 

172. Which of the following drugs would MOST likely result in a fatal overdose?

a.	LSD
b.	mescaline
c.	marijuana
d.	morphine

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 82%

REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs                                   OBJ:   5.15

KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

173. Which of the following drugs is LEAST likely to result in a fatal overdose?

a.	LSD
b.	heroin
c.	cocaine
d.	morphine

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

 

 

 

 

174. Rachel has been using a non-prescription drug on a regular basis for several years. She has now developed liver disease and ulcers, and she has been in three car accidents. It is MOST likely that Rachel is a chronic user of

a.	LSD.
b.	marijuana.
c.	sedatives.
d.	alcohol.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

175. Ralph has been using a drug on a regular basis for several years. He has now developed damaged nasal membranes and a host of respiratory problems and cardiovascular disease. It is MOST likely that Ralph is a chronic user of

a.	cocaine.
b.	marijuana.
c.	sedatives.
d.	alcohol.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

176. Psychoactive drugs that are associated with a low risk of a lethal overdose include all of the following EXCEPT

a.	marijuana.
b.	hallucinogens.
c.	sedatives.
d.	cannabis.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Factual

 

177. Which of the following is NOT an example of a direct effect health-related risk associated with recreational drugs?

a.	Marijuana can increase the risk of respiratory disease.
b.	Sedatives and alcohol can increase the risk of automobile accidents.
c.	Cocaine can increase the risk of heart attacks.
d.	Alcohol can increase the risk of liver damage.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

178. The negative effect of recreational drugs that results from the drug’s impact on the individual’s behavior is referred to as

a.	an indirect effect.
b.	a direct effect.
c.	a lifestyle effect.
d.	a codependency effect.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Factual

 

 

 

 

179. Recent studies have reported an unexpected link between cannabis use and

a.	severe mood disorders, including bipolar disorder.
b.	the onset of some dementias, including Alzheimer’s disease.
c.	severe psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia.
d.	the onset of some motor system disorders, including Parkinson’s disease.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Factual

 

180. There is the GREATEST amount of debate on the risks associated with which of the following drugs?

a.	marijuana
b.	alcohol
c.	cocaine
d.	heroin

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 90%

REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs                                   OBJ:   5.15

KEY:  Factual

 

181. Chronic, heavy use of marijuana is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

a.	increased risk for respiratory and pulmonary disease.
b.	reduced levels of testosterone.
c.	increased risk of developing a severe psychotic disorder.
d.	increased risks of automobile accidents.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ:   5.15               KEY:  Factual

 

182. The fact that research on consciousness dwindled in the early part of the 20th century after psychology was redefined as the science of behavior, only to be reborn in the early 1960s, BEST illustrates which of the textbook’s unifying themes?

a.	Psychology is empirical.
b.	Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.
c.	Our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage.
d.	Our experience of the world is highly subjective.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes

OBJ:   5.16               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

183. Research on consciousness dwindled in the early part of the 20th century after psychology was redefined as the science of behavior by

a.	Sigmund Freud.
b.	Roger Sperry.
c.	John Watson.
d.	Wilhelm Wundt.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 71%

REF:   Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes                                  OBJ:   5.16

KEY:  Factual

 

 

 

 

 

 

184. Which of the following statements regarding the study of consciousness is accurate?

a.	Psychology began as the study of behavior rather than the study of consciousness.
b.	John Watson and others viewed psychology as the science of consciousness.
c.	The 1960s saw an increase in the study of variations of consciousness.
d.	Today, psychologists are generally not interested in studying issues related to consciousness.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 62%

REF:   Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes                                  OBJ:   5.16

KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

185. The fact that the importance people place on dreams varies across societies BEST illustrates which of the textbook’s unifying themes?

a.	Psychology is empirical.
b.	Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.
c.	Our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage.
d.	Our experience of the world is highly subjective.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes

OBJ:   5.16               TOP:   WWW            KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

186. The observations that both the setting in which a psychoactive drug is taken and an individual’s expectations influence the drug’s effect and individuals vary in their susceptibility to hypnosis BEST reflect which unifying theme in psychology?

a.	Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.
b.	People’s experience of the world is highly subjective.
c.	Behavior is determined by multiple causes.
d.	Behavior is shaped by cultural heritage.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes

OBJ:   5.16               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

187. The observations that many approaches to meditation are rooted in Eastern religions and some societies use hallucinogens in religious practices BEST reflect the unifying theme in psychology that

a.	behavior is determined by multiple causes.
b.	behavior is shaped by cultural heritage.
c.	psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.
d.	people’s experience of the world is highly subjective.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes

OBJ:   5.16               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

188. Mark’s mother is worried because he only sleeps about 4 to 5 hours per night. What would you tell her?

a.	She has reason to be concerned because, in the long run, Mark’s lack of sleep will take its toll physically.
b.	There is nothing to worry about because young people need less sleep than older people.
c.	There is no problem as long as Mark spends most of his sleep time in REM sleep.
d.	There is probably nothing to be worried about since different people need differing amounts of sleep.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 77%

REF:   Personal Application: Addressing Practical Questions About Sleep and Dreams

OBJ:   5.17               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

189. James is 40 years old; his sister Jasmine is 30 years old. Recently, they both came home for their parents’ anniversary party and stayed overnight. If you were to walk through the house while they were sleeping, you might expect that

a.	Jasmine is more likely to be snoring because she is younger and female.
b.	both are equally likely to be snoring because snoring is hereditary.
c.	James is more likely to be snoring because he is older and male.
d.	James is more likely to snore during slow-wave sleep, but Jasmine is more likely to snore during REM sleep.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

REF:   Personal Application: Addressing Practical Questions About Sleep and Dreams

OBJ:   5.17               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

190. Which of the following is NOT good advice for avoiding sleep problems?

a.	Minimize consumption of stimulants such as caffeine and nicotine.
b.	Vary the time when you go to bed at night.
c.	Establish a daytime exercise program.
d.	Avoid daytime naps if you’re having trouble sleeping at night.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

REF:   Personal Application: Addressing Practical Questions About Sleep and Dreams

OBJ:   5.17               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

191. Twyla insists she never dreams; she is convinced of this because she has never recalled a single dream. If Twyla were tested in a sleep lab, it is likely that she would

a.	experience REM sleep, but she would only report a dream if she was awakened from slow-wave sleep.
b.	experience REM sleep, and she would report a dream if she was awakened from REM sleep.
c.	wake each time she entered REM sleep and show no evidence of completing a full cycle of REM sleep.
d.	experience REM sleep, but she would not report any dreams if she was awakened from REM sleep.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

REF:   Personal Application: Addressing Practical Questions About Sleep and Dreams

OBJ:   5.17               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

192. Which of the following statements about dreams is MOST accurate?

a.	Only about 75% of all people dream.
b.	The reason we do not remember our dreams is that the content of the dream is repressed.
c.	People cannot remember their dreams because of too much time passing between when they dreamed and when they try to recall the dream.
d.	Most dreams people can remember deal with sexually oriented topics.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 74%

REF:   Personal Application: Addressing Practical Questions About Sleep and Dreams

OBJ:   5.17               KEY:  Critical Thinking

 

 

 

 

 

 

193. The psychoanalyst interpreted his patient’s dream of riding a horse as indicative of her repressed sexual urges. This interpretation constitutes the

a.	latent content of the dream.
b.	manifest content of the dream.
c.	overt content of the dream.
d.	subliminal content of the dream.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 44%

REF:   Personal Application: Addressing Practical Questions About Sleep and Dreams

OBJ:   5.17               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

194. Alice decided that her dream of flying reflects her desire to escape from an unfulfilling marriage. What would a contemporary dream theorist say to Alice?

a.	Her interpretation may be accurate because she is the person best equipped to decipher her dream.
b.	Her interpretation is too superficial and does not get at the latent meaning of the dream.
c.	Alice needs an analyst to interpret her dream for her because the dream is a reflection of unconscious wishes.
d.	Before any credibility is given to her interpretation, she needs to have a series of similar dreams.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 44%

REF:   Personal Application: Addressing Practical Questions About Sleep and Dreams

OBJ:   5.17               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

195. Brittany had a dream in which she was arrested by a blue giraffe riding a motorcycle. Brittany is convinced the dream represents an unconscious desire to cancel her upcoming wedding. According to Freud, Brittany’s unconscious desire to cancel her upcoming wedding would represent

a.	the manifest content of the dream.
b.	an interpretation of random neural activity in lower brain centers.
c.	an attempt to work through problems she is currently experiencing in her life.
d.	the latent content of the dream.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1

REF:   Personal Application: Addressing Practical Questions About Sleep and Dreams

OBJ:   5.17               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

196. People who rarely remember their dreams probably

a.	are from non-Western cultures.
b.	are among the 15% of the population who do not dream.
c.	have their last REM sleep period a relatively long time before they awaken.
d.	have their last REM sleep period immediately before they awaken.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

REF:   Personal Application: Addressing Practical Questions About Sleep and Dreams

OBJ:   5.17               KEY:  Factual

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

197. According to Freud, the hidden or disguised meaning of the events in dreams is the ____ of the dream.

a.	latent content
b.	symbolic content
c.	factual content
d.	manifest content

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1

REF:   Personal Application: Addressing Practical Questions About Sleep and Dreams

OBJ:   5.17               KEY:  Factual

 

198. Historically alcoholism has been categorized under all of the following labels EXCEPT

a.	a personal weakness.
b.	normal behavior.
c.	physical illness.
d.	mental illness.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

REF:   Critical Thinking Application: Is Alcoholism a Disease? The Power of Definitions

OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Factual

 

199. Which of the following statements regarding the use of definitions in psychology is the MOST accurate?

a.	Definitions generally emerge out of research.
b.	Definitions can be useful as explanations for phenomena.
c.	Definitions are typically crafted by experts in a specific field.
d.	The source of a definition is unimportant in evaluating its validity.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1

REF:   Critical Thinking Application: Is Alcoholism a Disease? The Power of Definitions

OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

200. Concluding that a person drinks too much because he/she is an alcoholic is an example of

a.	logical reasoning.
b.	circular reasoning.
c.	inductive reasoning.
d.	deductive reasoning.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1

REF:   Critical Thinking Application: Is Alcoholism a Disease? The Power of Definitions

OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Concept/Applied

 

201. The logical fallacy involved in circular reasoning, where a person mistakes a label or definition for an explanation, is termed the

a.	nominal fallacy.
b.	inductive fallacy.
c.	deductive fallacy.
d.	ordinal fallacy.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1

REF:   Critical Thinking Application: Is Alcoholism a Disease? The Power of Definitions

OBJ:   5.18               KEY:  Factual

 

 

 

202. Tyler was relaxing and not really paying attention to anything when his roommate came home. The roommate asked for help working through some difficulties with a computer program. As Tyler helps his roommate solve the programming problem, his brain waves will

a.	decrease in both frequency and amplitude.
b.	increase in both frequency and amplitude.
c.	increase in frequency and decrease in amplitude.
d.	decrease in frequency and increase in amplitude.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    KEY:  Integrative

 

203. Alpha waves are likely to be prominent if you are

a.	programming a computer.
b.	meditating.
c.	under hypnosis.
d.	doing any of these things

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    KEY:  Integrative

 

204. Which of the following statements about dreams is NOT accurate?

a.	Dreams only occur during REM sleep.
b.	Dreams have sometimes changed the world.
c.	Dreams are not as bizarre as widely assumed.
d.	People most frequently dream about familiar people.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    DIF:    Correct = 61%

OBJ:   Integrative      KEY:  Factual