Research and Evaluation in Counseling 2nd Edition by Bradley - Test Bank

Research and Evaluation in Counseling 2nd Edition by Bradley – Test Bank

 

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Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 5:

Qualitative Approaches to Research

 

Multiple Choice

 

1. __________ is important to consider when designing rigorous qualitative inquiry.
2. Selecting a sampling method
3. Establishing trustworthiness
4. Identifying the problem
5. All of the above

 

ANS:   D

 

2. Researcher __________ refers to how the researcher’s worldview and presence in the study influences the research design.
3. culture
4. inquiry
5. bias
6. theory

 

ANS:   C

 

3. __________ refers to the extent to which the findings of an inquiry are applicable in other contexts and with other respondents.
4. Consistency
5. Applicability
6. Neutrality
7. Truth Value

 

ANS:   B

 

4. Trustworthiness in qualitative research refers to all of the following EXCEPT:
5. partiality.
6. credibility.
7. transferability.
8. dependability.

 

ANS:   A

 

 

 

5. All of the following can help interviewers improve communication and facilitate data collection EXCEPT:
6. not interrupting.
7. doing most of the talking.
8. avoiding leading questions.
9. not debating over responses.

 

ANS:   B

 

6. In a __________ interview the researcher plans all questions in advance and each participant is asked the same set of questions, often in the same sequence.
7. structured
8. semistructured
9. unstructured
10. None of the above.

 

ANS:   A

 

7. All of the following are true of qualitative research EXCEPT that it:
8. uses smaller samples.
9. integrates the researcher’s voice.
10. emphasizes researcher objectivity.
11. tends to be more open-ended.

 

ANS:   C

 

8. __________ is the process of collecting data, analyzing data, and then selecting additional participants until the description is comprehensive.
9. Purposive-iterative sampling
10. Theoretical sampling
11. Snowball sampling
12. Saturation

 

ANS:   A

 

9. A __________ is usually a one-page summary of questions or reflections from a single contact with a case.
10. summary sheet
11. document summary form
12. questionnaire
13. contact sheet

 

ANS:   D

 

 

 

10. __________ occurs when the observer’s personal attitudes and values affect either the observation or the researcher’s interpretation of the observation.
11. Participant bias
12. Observer bias
13. Research bias
14. Primary source bias

 

ANS:   B

 

11. In __________ sampling, the researcher may choose to interview participants who vary in age, race, gender, and other factors.
12. snowball
13. mixed
14. cross reference
15. maximum variation

 

ANS:   D

 

12. All of the following are categories of documentary evidence EXCEPT:
13. word of mouth information.
14. public records.
15. physical materials.
16. personal documents.

 

ANS:   A

 

13. __________ evidence can include written, oral, visual, or cultural artifacts.
14. Primary
15. Documentary
16. Secondary
17. Valued

 

ANS:   B

 

14. Because qualitative inquiry is an intensive process, researcher __________ is very important.
15. objectivity
16. self-care
17. sampling
18. hiring

 

ANS:   B

 

 

 

15. In qualitative research, the soundness of the research is evaluated by its:
16. reliability.
17. validity.
18. trustworthiness.
19. truth value.

 

ANS:   C

 

16. __________ sampling refers to purposefully selecting participants from a particular subgroup whose experience is suspected to be somewhat alike.
17. Theoretical
18. Cross referencing
19. Homogeneous
20. Snowball

 

ANS:   C

 

17. __________ is when researchers continue to sample participants in a setting until no new information is present or refutes the findings of previous data.
18. Cross referencing
19. Saturation
20. Mixed methodology
21. Theoretical sampling

 

ANS:   B

 

18. _______ pertains to questions about the replication and repetition of themes if the method of inquiry were applied with the same or similar research participants.
19. Neutrality
20. Applicability
21. Truth value
22. Consistency

 

ANS:   D

 

19. __________ questions allow researchers to gather concrete information about participants and settings.
20. Feeling
21. Knowledge
22. Background/demographic
23. Behavior

 

ANS:   C

 

 

 

20. __________ allows a site to be a realistic option for research designs.
21. Diverse participants
22. Accessible entry
23. Established trustworthiness
24. All of the above

 

ANS:   D

 

21. __________ are considered primary sources.
22. Diaries
23. Autobiographies
24. Letters
25. All of the above

 

ANS:   D

 

22. When selecting a site, __________could be considered gatekeepers.
23. employers
24. managers
25. principals
26. All of the above.

 

ANS:   D

 

23. __________ sampling would be used if a researcher wants to explore the experiences of college students who reported having negative experiences at a university counseling center or investigating the coping strategies of women who have recently experienced a miscarriage.
24. Typical case
25. Snowball
26. Deviant
27. Theoretical

 

ANS:   A

 

24. Convenience samples are chosen based on what main criteria?
25. All samples chosen were born in the same year.
26. All samples were easy to access.
27. All samples have the same mental condition.
28. Samples were found based on suggestions from others in the study.

 

ANS:   B

 

 

 

25. Another term for deviant sampling is __________ sampling.
26. minimal
27. extreme
28. mixed
29. snowball

 

ANS:   B

 

True/False

 

1. Qualitative inquiry tends to be an inductive process.

 

ANS:   T

 

2. Trustworthiness includes ways negative researcher bias may be minimized to increase the validity of a study.

 

ANS:   T

 

3. Research questions often influence the data collection and sampling methods.

 

ANS:   T

 

4. Qualitative and quantitative inquiries are similar in that both focus on understanding relationships between constructs in a systematic, scientific manner.

 

ANS:   T

 

5. The process of collecting data, analyzing data, and then selecting additional participants until the description is comprehensive is called theoretical sampling.

 

ANS:   F

 

6. Qualitative researchers avoid using the term sample and instead use purposive selection.

 

ANS:   T

 

7. Only quantitative inquiry is subject to researcher bias.

 

ANS:   F

 

8. Using samples of convenience reduces the credibility of the research investigation.

 

ANS:   T

 

9. Snowball sampling is often an appropriate method for sampling participants who are easy to obtain.

 

ANS:   F

 

10. Researchers who use critical case sampling are looking for experiences that are particularly significant because of their intensity or irregularity.

 

ANS:   T

 

Extended Responses

 

1. Discuss the differences between structured, semistructured, and unstructured interviews.

 

2. Give an example of a qualitative study in which snowball sampling would be the best method of collection.

 

3. Describe the goal of maximum variation sampling.

 

4. Describe and explain the three main types of data collection in qualitative research.

 

5. Explain the difference among transferability, dependability, and confirmability.