Single Subject Research Applications in Educational and Clinical Settings, 2nd Edition by Richards - Test Bank

Single Subject Research Applications in Educational and Clinical Settings, 2nd Edition by Richards – Test Bank

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Sample Questions Are Posted Below

Chapter 1: Historical Aspects and Important Concepts in Single-Subject Research

• In a single-subject design, the _______________ variable is used to encourage (or maintain) change in behavior.

1. dependent
2. independent
3. extraneous
4. confounding

ANS:   B

• What is the name of the phase in a study that measures the target behavior before implementation of an intervention?

1. Baseline Phase
2. Follow-up Phase
3. Changing Phase
4. Intervention Phase

ANS:   A

• In a single-subject design, the ________________ variable is used to determine the changes in the target behavior.

1. dependent
2. independent
3. extraneous
4. confounding

ANS:   A

• What phase is intended to measure the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable over time and following the achievement of the criterion for the dependent variable?

1. Starting Phase
2. Follow-up Phase
3. Superlative Phase
4. Baseline Phase

ANS:   B

• What refers to a believable demonstration that events controlled by the researcher account for the presence or absence of the behavior in question?

1. Behavioral
2. Applied
3. Target
4. Analytic

ANS:   D

• What are notations used for in a single-subject design?

1. Used to demonstrate how an intervention works
2. Used as decoration for the phases
3. Used to label certain phases or aspects of a design
4. Used to denote changes in the dependent variable

ANS:   C

• What does IDEA stand for?

1. Individuals with Disturbances Education Act
2. Infants who are Disabled Education Act
3. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
4. Individuals with Direct Education Act

ANS:   C

• What do broken vertical lines depict in a graph?

1. A change in independent variable
2. A complete phase change
3. The end of the phases
4. A change in the dependent variable

ANS:   A

• What type of graph is more typically used to depict the quantitative data collected in single-subject research?

1. Intervention graph
2. X-Y line graph
3. Bar graph
4. Pictogram

ANS:   B

• How does a follow-up phase strengthen a study?

1. Demonstrates the effectiveness of an intervention over time
2. Gives the researcher ideas to implement in their next design
3. Provides social and ecological validities for the study
4. Both A and C

ANS:   D

Chapter 1:

1. Based on the Baer et al. (1968) journal article, define the terms applied, behavioral, and

Suggested answer points:

Applied refers to the interest of society in the problems being studied; there is a close relationship between the stimuli, behavior, and individual being studied

Behavioral refers to the pragmatic nature of the study; emphases are on what behaviors that people do rather than what they say; behaviors that are reliably measurable/quantifiable; whose behavior changes during a study must also be identified

Analytic refers a believable demonstration that the events controlled by the researcher account for the presence or absence (or changes in) the behavior in question

2. Differentiate among dependent, independent, and extraneous (confounding) variables.

Suggested answer points:

Dependent variable is used measure changes in the target behavior

Independent variable is the intervention used to encourage change in the target behavior (dependent variable)

Extraneous (confounding) variables are any elements of a study that may confuse or obscure the functional relationship between the independent and dependent variables

3. Differentiate among the baseline, intervention, and follow-up phases of a study.

Suggested answer points:

Baseline phase is typically the first stage when the target behavior is exposed to the status quo; in other words, no experimental intervention is in place although existing procedures may be in place; this phase establishes present levels of performance on the dependent variable

Intervention phase typically follows the baseline phase and is when an intervention is introduced and manipulated by the researcher to encourage change in the dependent variable

Follow-up phase typically follows the intervention phase and is used to determine if changes in the dependent variable (target behavior are maintained over time; in many instances, the intervention is no longer in effect during a follow-up phase but it could still also be in effect