Social Psychology 13th Edition by David Myers - Test Bank

Social Psychology 13th Edition by David Myers – Test Bank

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

Chapter 05

Test Bank

According to anthropologists, which of the following is true of human behavior?
A. Humans are more alike than they are different.
Humans prefer living alone to living with others.
Humans have different behavioral tendencies.
Humans develop language through different mechanisms.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 113

Topic: Evolutionary Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

The evolutionary process by which heritable traits that best enable organisms to survive and reproduce in particular environments are passed to ensuing generations is called:
evolutionary adaptation.
evolutionary psychology.
natural adaptation.
D. natural selection.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 113

Topic: Evolutionary Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

According to natural selection, those with genes best suited to an environment are likely to:
struggle and then perish.
perish in other environments.
face many problems.
D. survive and reproduce.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 113

Topic: Evolutionary Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

_____ is the study of the evolution of cognition and behavior using principles of natural selection.
Vertebrate paleontology
B. Evolutionary psychology
Behavioral anthropology
Sociocognitive psychology

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 113

Topic: Evolutionary Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

Evolutionary psychologists study:
physical traits.
psychological traits.
C. both physical and psychological traits.
neither physical nor psychological traits.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 113

Topic: Evolutionary Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

Given the logic of evolutionary psychology, we can assume our distant ancestors preferred _____ foods.
sweet and salty
bitter and sour
C. nutritious and energy-providing
vegetarian

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 113

Topic: Evolutionary Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

The _____ perspective highlights the kinship that results from our shared human nature.
A. evolutionary
cultural
normative
diversity

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 119

Topic: Evolutionary Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

One of the most important similarities in humans is our capacity:
for self-destruction.
for altruism.
to dominate other species.
D. to learn and adapt.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 119

Topic: Culture

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next are called:
beliefs.
norms.
C.
values.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 119

Topic: Culture

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

According to Baumeister, a “huge and powerful advantage of culture” is:
genetic diversity.
B. the division of labor.
evolution.
genetic similarity.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 120

Topic: Culture

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Human kinship is to the _____ perspective as human diversity is to the _____ perspective.
A. evolutionary; cultural
cognitive; psychoanalytical
humanistic; cultural
biological; humanistic

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 112

Topic: Cultural Perspective

Topic: Evolutionary Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Mia, a teenager, likes to wear skirts and has long hair. She also likes to shop in her leisure. On the other hand, David, her brother, likes sports and other physically aggressive activities. In this scenario, Mia and David most likely exemplify the characteristics associated with _____.
sex
B. gender
culture
norm

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 114

Topic: Cultural Perspective

Topic: Gender Roles

Feedback: What Can We Conclude about Genes, Culture, and Gender?

Ryan, a young adult, was assigned a male sex at birth. However, he feels that he is a woman trapped inside a man’s body. After multiple counseling sessions, he decides to live as a woman and have sex reassignment surgery. In this scenario, Ryan most likely exhibits the characteristics of a _____.
culture
cisgender person
C. transgender person
norm

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 114

Topic: Body Image

Feedback: What Can We Conclude about Genes, Culture, and Gender?

Brianna is a 40-year-old divorcee and a mother of three. She has become both assertive and nurturing over the years. In this scenario, Brianna is performing a(n) _____ role.
pangender
cisgender
effeminate
D. androgynous

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 117

Topic: Gender Roles

Feedback: What Can We Conclude about Genes, Culture, and Gender?

Zoe has lived in the United States all of her life, yet her Greek grandmother has made sure that Zoe is fluent in the Greek language, so she would understand the Greek way of life. What has Zoe’s grandmother passed on to her?
an idea
a norm
C. a culture
a value

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 119

Topic: Culture

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Habib, an exchange student from Iran, is doing his thesis in the United States. He notices that people eat sandwiches directly from their paper bags and do not use plates. He is confused as people use eating utensils in his country. This scenario exemplifies _____ differences between Habib’s native country and his country of residence.
ethical
language
climatic
D. cultural

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 120–121

Topic: Culture

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Rules for accepted and expected social behavior are called:
values.
B.
attitudes.
ethics.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 121

Topic: Cultural Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Norms _____ “proper” behavior.
reward
B. prescribe
change
are the result of

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 121

Topic: Cultural Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Victoria, a graduate student in a German university, notices that her German friends hold their forks in their left hand while eating meat. However, she, being an American, cuts her meat and then transfers the fork to her right hand. This scenario exemplifies the _____ prevalent in different countries.
A. norms
schemas
roles
stereotypes

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 121

Topic: Cultural Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Fatemeh, an immigrant in the United States, hails from a Muslim country and wears a hijab at the workplace. She believes that the hijab encourages men to see her as a human rather than as a sexual object. She is most likely following the _____ of her Muslim culture.
A. norms
dogmas
ethics
laws

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 121

Topic: Culture

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Identify a true statement about the prevalence of norms in human society.
Norms liberate humans and provide freedom for willful acts.
B. Norms for expressiveness vary among cultures.
Norms hinder the social machinery in countries.
Norms are not affected by culture.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 122

Topic: Culture

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Punctuality is one of the _____ of North American businesspeople.
attitudes
B. norms
schemes
dimensions

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 122

Topic: Cultural Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Ye-jun, a young immigrant from South Korea, works in the United States. He avoids co-workers who are vegetarians and prefers to eat with his nonvegetarian friends. Ye-jun, in this scenario, is following the _____ of his culture.
laws
dogmas
ethics
D. norms

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 122

Topic: Cultural Perspective

Topic: Evolutionary Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Diego, an immigrant worker from Mexico, is despised by his North American friends as he is always late for meetings. His girlfriend, another North American, complains that he never turns up on time when they meet. Diego, however, is puzzled by their time-obsessed behavior. In the context of culture and behavior, which of the following cultural behaviors is exemplified in this scenario?
A. norms
dogmas
ethics
principles

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 122

Topic: Culture

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

The buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies is called our:
self-zone.
B. personal space.
private zone.
own distance.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 122

Topic: Cultural Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

In the context of norms, most Americans maintain a personal space between themselves and strangers of approximately:
4 feet or less.
B. 4 feet or more.
2 feet or less.
2 feet or more.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 122

Topic: Cultural Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Those living _____ prefer more personal space than those living _____.
closer to the equator; farther away from the equator
in Central America; in Iceland
in Latin America; in North America
D. farther away from the equator; closer to the equator

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 122

Topic: Cultural Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Santiago is a graduate student from Mexico. He experiences a culture shock during his stay in the United States. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about Santiago’s observations in the United States?
He finds that people are inefficient and time-wasting.
B. He finds that people seek more personal space than him.
He finds that vegetarian people stand out from a group and are thus undesirable.
He finds that people are more likely to stigmatize people seen as different than in his country.

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 122

Topic: Cultural Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

What cultural differences or similarities were found in the research on pedestrian interaction in the United States and Japan?
A. Americans were more likely to greet the research confederate who greeted them.
Japanese were more likely to greet the research confederate who greeted them.
Both Japanese and Americans did not smile back when the confederates smiled at them.
Both Japanese and Americans failed to respond to the confederates.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 123

Topic: Cultural Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

What cultural differences or similarities were found in the research on pedestrian interaction in the United States and Japan?
A. Americans were more likely to look at someone who looked at them.
Japanese were more likely to greet the research confederate who greeted them.
Both Japanese and Americans did not smile back when the confederates smiled at them.
Both Japanese and Americans failed to respond to the confederates.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 123

Topic: Cultural Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Although there are many unoccupied tables in the restaurant, Rudolph decides to sit at the same table in the chair right next to James. James feels uncomfortable because Rudolph has violated:
his social role.
B. his personal space.
Brown’s universal norm.
the personal rights taboo.

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 122

Topic: Cultural Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

The best-known universal norm is the taboo against:
cannibalism.
B.
female genital mutilation.
public nudity.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 128

Topic: Cultural Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Leung and Bond (2004) reported that there were five universal dimensions of social beliefs. Which of the following is NOT one of those five?
A. justice
social complexity
reward for application
cynicism

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 127

Topic: Big Five Social Beliefs

Topic: Leung and Bond

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Michael, a middle-aged man, believes that his destiny determines the course of his life and his success and failures. According to Leung and Bond’s five universal dimensions of social beliefs, to which of the following dimensions does Michael adhere?
cynicism
social complexity
reward for application
D. fate control

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 127

Topic: Big Five Social Beliefs

Topic: Leung and Bond

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Ethan, a sales executive in a multinational company, believes that if he tries hard he will succeed. This has helped him climb the corporate ladder. According to Leung and Bond’s five universal dimensions of social beliefs, to which of the following dimensions does Michael adhere?
cynicism
B. reward for application
Fate control
social complexity

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 127

Topic: Big Five Social Beliefs

Topic: Leung and Bond

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Atharv is a religious man. He reads various religious holy books and finds peace and joy visiting religious destinations. He believes that religious faith contributes to good mental health. According to Leung and Bond’s five universal dimensions of social beliefs, to which of the following dimensions does Michael adhere?
cynicism
social complexity
fate control
D. spirituality

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 127

Topic: Big Five Social Beliefs

Topic: Leung and Bond

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

According to research conducted by Leung and Bond (2004), those people who espouse _____ express lower life satisfaction and favor assertive influence tactics and right-wing politics.
justice
social complexity
reward for application
D. cynicism

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 127

Topic: Big Five Social Beliefs

Topic: Leung and Bond

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

In psychology, the characteristics by which people define male and female, whether biologically or socially influenced, are referred to as:
sex.
B.
orientation.
culture.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 114

Topic: Gender Roles

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

Maccoby (2002) found that girls tend to _____ compared to boys.
be less nurturing
B. talk more intimately
play in larger groups
be more active

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 130

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

In the context of friendship, identify a true statement about the behavior of men and women.
A. Women’s phone conversations last longer than men’s.
Men send more text messages than women.
Men talk for longer than women when the goal is affiliation with others.
Women actually talk more overall and when the goal is asserting one’s opinions and giving information.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 130

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

Pratto and her colleagues (1997) reported that _____ tend to gravitate toward jobs that reduce inequalities, such as a public defender.
the young
the elderly
men
D. women

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 132

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

Pratto and colleagues (1997) reported that _____ tend to gravitate toward jobs that enhance inequalities, such as a prosecuting attorney.
the young
the elderly
C. men
women

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 132

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

In the context of independence versus connectedness, which of the following is true of women’s vocations in general?
Women are less interested in jobs dealing with people than are men.
Women are more interested in jobs with things than are men.
Women more than men value earnings, promotion, challenge, and power.
D. Women are less interested in math-intensive careers than are men.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 132

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

When faced with stress, women are more likely than men to:
flee.
fight.
C.
collapse.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 130

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

In the context of independence versus connectedness, _____ are more likely to describe themselves as having empathy.
the young
the elderly
men
D. women

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 132

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

In the context of evolutionary psychology, which of the following statements is true of gender and mating preferences?
Women have stronger sex drives because sex is a cheap investment for women.
Both men and women have an inclination toward dominance.
C. Men and women face different adaptive challenges when it comes to sex and reproduction.
Males invest their reproductive opportunities carefully.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 115

Topic: Evolutionary Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

Worldwide, women’s vocational interests, compared to men,
relate to things rather than people.
B. relate to people rather than things.
relate to things and people.
have no difference.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 132

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

The vicarious experience of another’s feelings or ability to put oneself in another’s shoes is:
reactance.
altruism.
sympathy.
D.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 132

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

Research has found that _____ are generally superior at decoding others’ emotional messages.
the young
the elderly
men
D. women

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 133

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

When men and women want empathy and understanding, they are most likely to turn to a:
spouse.
B.
man.
co-worker.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 133

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

According to a study by Fischer and LaFrance (2015) on gender differences, identify a true statement about the nature of women.
Women are less skilled at expressing emotions nonverbally than are men.
B. Women’s greater connectedness is expressed in their generally higher rate of smiling than men’s.
Women are far less likely to describe themselves as having empathy and having the ability to feel for others than are men.
Women are more vulnerable to autism than are men.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 132

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

_____ are more likely to favor conservative political candidates.
The young
The elderly
C. Men
Women

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 133

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

Women’s wages in most countries are _____ percent of men’s.
80–100
B. 60–75
50–70
30–50

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 133

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

In the context of friendship and peer relationships, which of the following statements is true of the gender styles in conversation and writing?
A. Women tend to be more qualified and hedged than men.
Men tend to be more polite and more sensitive than women.
Women tend to be more direct and interrupt frequently than men.
Men tend to smile more than women.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 131

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

Which of the following statements is true of men and women when they assume leadership roles?
A. Men are preferred over women for competitions between groups.
Women place more priority than men on winning and getting ahead.
Men excel more often in “transformational” or “relational” leadership than women.
Women tend to be more directive and task focused than men.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 134

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

Much of the conversational style we attribute to men is:
based on genetics.
viewed as submissive in nature.
C. typical of people of both sexes of higher status and power.
typical of people with lower status and power.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 131–132

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

In the context of aggression, identify a true statement.
A. Women are slightly more likely to commit indirect aggressive acts.
In surveys, women admit to more aggression than do men.
In laboratory experiments, women exhibit more physical aggression.
Within less assaultive forms of aggression, women are less aggressive than men.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 134

Topic: Aggression

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

Noah, a 35-year-old man, frequently gets angry. He becomes physically abusive and hurts his wife and children. His wife pleads with him to visit a counselor, but he is adamant and always refuses. In the context of social dominance, Noah exhibits traits referred to as _____ in the scenario.
empathy
B. aggression
connectedness
sexuality

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 134

Topic: Aggression

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

Chloe, a young adult woman, is a social worker. She works among the poor and destitute. She is able to feel what others feel, and she collects funds to support the poor in her neighborhood. In the context of connectedness, which of the following traits is most likely exemplified by Chloe in this scenario?
A. empathy
aggression
contentment
patience

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 132

Topic: Social Influence

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

You read about an unsolved murder in the newspaper. Given what you have learned in social psychology about aggressiveness, you can reasonably predict a(n) _____ committed the murder.
A. man
woman
introvert
extrovert

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 134

Topic: Aggression

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

In physiological and subjective responses to sexual stimuli, _____.
men are more aroused than women
women are more aroused than men
men and women are more different than similar
D. men and women are more similar than different

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 135

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

According to Schmitt (2005), an international survey indicated that more _____ than _____ desire unrestricted sex.
women; men
B. men; women
lesbian women; gay men
older men; younger men

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 135

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

Which is NOT a worldwide gender difference found by research?
aggressiveness
dominance
sexuality
D. ageism

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 133–135

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

Connor and Riley, a middle-aged couple, have been married for 7 years. Connor has great physical strength, and he takes care of household activities like gardening, repairs, and plumbing. Riley takes care of her husband and children. Both Connor and Riley exhibit the behaviors expected of them as a man and a woman, and their skills and beliefs are shaped accordingly. Which of the following theories is exemplified in this scenario?
the behavioral game theory of behavior and strategic decisions
B. the social-role theory of gender differences
the general strain theory of gender inequalities
the nudge theory of behavioral influences

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 138

Topic: Social Role Theory

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

Evolutionary psychologists suggest that males are sexually assertive while females are more selective of sexual partners because:
males outnumber females.
B. each strategy is likely to promote gene survival.
males and females are socialized differently.
of differences in brain chemistry.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 117

Topic: Evolutionary Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

Consistent with evolutionary psychology’s explanation of gender differences, Roney (2003) found that teen males reported _____ as most important if left alone in a room with a teen female.
being witty
earning good grades
C. having lots of money
showing one’s sensitive side

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 115—116

Topic: Attraction

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

Evolutionary psychology would explain the male tendency to display their “abs and assets” as an example of their striving to offer what women desire, which is:
charm.
generosity.
a sensitive and emotional nature.
D. external resources and physical protection.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 116

Topic: Attraction

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

According to evolutionary psychologists, which of the following is true of the mating preferences of men and women?
Husbands’ physical attractiveness has a great impact on wives’ satisfaction.
Men married to physically attractive wives reported low marital satisfaction.
Sex differences in mate preferences are negligible compared to most other psychological sex differences.
D. Men favor fertility in women, generally signaled by a youthful and healthy appearance.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 116

Topic: Attraction

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

In the context of gender and mating preferences, which of the following is desired by both men and women in their relationships?
youth
beauty
C. kindness and love
resources and protection

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 116

Topic: Attraction

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

In the context of gender and mating preferences, women of all ages tend to prefer men _____ themselves.
A. slightly older than
slightly younger than
the same age as
less dominant than

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 116

Topic: Attraction

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

A Gallup survey reports that only _____ percent of adults believe that evolution accounts for “how human beings came to exist on Earth.”
10
B. 50
82
95

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 118

Topic: Evolutionary Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

Research on possible hormonal influences on aggression has indicated that:
testosterone levels influence animal aggression but not human aggression.
B. the gender difference in aggression appears early in life and wanes as testosterone levels decline during adulthood.
gender differences in aggression are clearly unrelated to hormonal differences.
administering testosterone reduces aggression in most animals.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 117

Topic: Aggression

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

As people mature to middle age and beyond,
A. gender differences in interpersonal behavior decrease.
gender differences in interpersonal behavior increase.
androgyny in men decreases.
androgyny in women decreases.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 117

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

A person who is both _____ would be considered androgynous.
A. assertive and nurturing
intelligent and athletic
moral and competent
good and evil

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 117

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

Tyler, a middle-aged man, has been married for 15 years and has two children. During the early years of his marriage, he was very assertive. However, over the years, he has become nurturing too. Identify the gender role performed by Tyler in this scenario.
ambivalent sexism
role-conflicted behavior
C. androgynous role
pangenderism

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 117

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

Evolutionary explanations of gender differences have been criticized because they:
underestimate the role of genetic factors.
B. fail to account for the reality of cultural diversity.
deny the role of hormonal factors.
rely too heavily on the experimental method in testing hypotheses.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 119

Topic: Evolutionary Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

Evolutionary psychology has been criticized for:
A. hindsight biases.
the unethical treatment of human participants.
the use of unrepresentative samples.
functional fixedness.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 117

Topic: Evolutionary Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

A set of behavior expectations for males and females defines a gender:
type.
B.
identity.
position.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 127

Topic: Gender Roles

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

The term “gender role” refers to:
enduring behaviors, attitudes, and traditions transmitted from one generation to the next.
B. a set of behavior expectations for males and females.
a rule for accepted and expected behaviors.
the personality characteristics by which people define male and female.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 127

Topic: Gender Roles

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Which of the following statements about gender roles is true?
Gender roles are the sole result of genetics.
Gender roles are the sole result of learning.
Gender roles vary by climate.
D. Gender roles vary by culture.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 127

Topic: Gender Roles

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

In the mid-1960s, married women in the United States devoted seven times as many hours to housework as did their husbands. By 2013, the gender gap had shrunk, yet persisted. This pattern reflects how gender roles:
are learned.
are biologically determined.
vary by culture.
D. vary over time.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 128

Topic: Gender Roles

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Your mother has commented on how little time your older sister, who recently married, spends on housework, as compared to what she herself used to spend when she was a newlywed. Your mother’s comment reflects how gender roles:
are learned.
are biologically determined.
vary by age.
D. vary over time.

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 128

Topic: Gender Roles

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

The Nurture Assumption refers to the belief that:
women are more caring and caregiving than men.
women are expected to be more caring and caregiving than men.
C. the way parents bring up their children governs who their children become.
the way parents bring up their children has very little to do with who their children become.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 124

Topic: Gender Roles

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

One dramatic finding from developmental psychology (Plomin & Daniels, 1987) is that two children in the same family are, on average,
A. as different from one another as two children selected at random.
more likely to share the same general personality characteristics than two children selected at random.
completely uninfluenced by their genetic heritage.
likely to share the same IQ.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 124

Topic: Gender Roles

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

The evidence from studies of twins and biological and adoptive siblings indicates that genetic influences explain approximately _____ percent of individual variations in personality traits.
0 to 10
15
25
D. 40

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 124

Topic: Biology

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

The evidence from studies of twins and biological and adoptive siblings indicates that shared environmental influences explain approximately _____ percent of individual variations in personality traits.
A. 0 to 1
15
25
50

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 124

Topic: Culture

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

According to behavior geneticists Robert Plomin and Denise Daniels, which of the following is true of the influence of peer-transmitted culture among children?
Children and youth learn their culture—their games, their musical tastes, their accents—mostly from their parents.
Shared environmental influences—including the shared home influence—account for 20 to 30% of children’s personality differences.
C. Two children in the same family are as different from one another as are pairs of children selected randomly from the population.
Genetic influences on individuals explain roughly 90% of individual variations in personality traits.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 124

Topic: Culture

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Logan, a 7-year-old boy, comes from an abusive family, where his parents would physically abuse him, and he later grows up in a foster family. However, he continues in the same school and has the same set of friends. He grows to be a loving and caring person just like his friends. According to behavior geneticists Robert Plomin and Denise Daniels, Logan develops into a loving personality most likely due to _____.
A. the peer-transmitted culture
shared environmental influences, including the shared home influence
the environment in his foster family
genetic influences

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 124

Topic: Culture

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Harris (1996) suggested that if children were left with their same schools, neighborhoods, and peers, but their parents were switched, the children would develop into the same sort of adults. This conclusion reflects the power of:
parents.
siblings.
C.
teachers.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 124

Topic: Culture

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between biology and culture?
competition
B. interaction
interpolation
reciprocation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 137

Topic: Biology

Topic: Culture

Feedback: What Can We Conclude about Genes, Culture, and Gender?

A relationship in which the effect of one factor (such as biology) depends on another factor (such as environment) is called:
competition.
B.
interpolation.
reciprocation.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 137

Topic: Biology

Topic: Culture

Feedback: What Can We Conclude about Genes, Culture, and Gender?

A very strong cultural norm dictates that males should be taller than their female mates. This height norm is cited as evidence that:
relationship behavior is influenced more by biology than culture.
gender roles are essentially cultural and thus completely arbitrary.
what is biologically “fit” may be culturally disastrous
D. biology and culture interact to develop norms.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 138

Topic: Biology

Topic: Culture

Feedback: What Can We Conclude about Genes, Culture, and Gender?

Eagly and Wood (2007) theorized that in adult life the immediate causes of gender differences in social behavior are:
A. the roles that reflect a sexual division of labor.
biologically based differences in power and aggressiveness.
learned habits reinforced by social rewards like affection.
rules and laws that legislate and maintain the status quo.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 138

Topic: Gender Roles

Feedback: What Can We Conclude about Genes, Culture, and Gender?

As women’s employment in formerly male occupations has increased, the gender difference in self-reported assertiveness has:
increased.
B.
remained the same.
remained unknown.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 139

Topic: Gender Roles

Feedback: What Can We Conclude about Genes, Culture, and Gender?

As men and women perform more similar roles, their psychological differences:
A.
magnify.
stay the same.
are unknown.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 139

Topic: Gender Roles

Feedback: What Can We Conclude about Genes, Culture, and Gender?

Which of the following is true of the varying gender roles in the world?
American married women, on an average, devote seven times as many hours to housework as do their husbands.
Despite increasing gender equality, the number of women represented in the parliaments of most nations has decreased.
Societies with less gender equality are more likely to engage in war than societies with more gender equality.
D. The variety of gender roles across cultures and over time shows that culture indeed helps construct gender roles.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Understand how culture’s influence is vividly illustrated by differing gender roles across place and time.

Page: 127–128

Topic: Gender Roles

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Which of the following is true of the interaction between biology and culture?
Cultural norms are independent of biology in powerfully affecting one’s attitude.
Men and women have more gender differences than similarities across cultures.
C. Biological factors operate in a cultural context, and culture builds on a biological foundation.
Genes and hormones suppress gender differences through norms that culture amplifies.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 137

Topic: Biology

Topic: Culture

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: What Can We Conclude about Genes, Culture, and Gender?

_____ implies that those genes that predispose traits that increase the odds of an individual surviving long enough to reproduce and nurture descendants will become more abundant in the population.
A. Natural selection
The social role theory
Social facilitation
The Nurture Assumption

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 113

Topic: Evolutionary Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Differences in how people greet one another, select and eat their foods, pick out their clothing, and speak with one another reflect differences in:
extraversion.
genetics.
evolution.
D.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 119

Topic: Culture

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Which of the following is true of personal space in various cultures across the world?
Children maintain more distance than do adults.
Women keep more distance from one another than men do.
C. Cultures near the equator prefer less space than cultures away from the equator.
All individuals maintain a large personal space regardless of their relationships with others.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 122

Topic: Culture

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Which of the following statements is an example of aggression?
A. Jenny spreads a hurtful rumor about Sally.
Jim believes that John’s extraverted behavior is based on his internal dispositions.
Joanna starts crying when her good friend Kelly tells her of a recent breakup.
Jim believes that John’s extraverted behavior is based on situational constraints.

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 134

Topic: Aggression

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different

Anthropologists argue that if we could trace our ancestors back 100,000 years or more, we would see that we are all:
Asians.
Americans.
Europeans.
D.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 113

Topic: Evolutionary Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Dr. Smith is interested in how the principles of natural selection impact humans’ cognitions and behavior. Dr. Smith is most likely a(n):
anthropologist.
B. evolutionary psychologist.
sociologist.
cultural psychologist.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 113

Topic: Evolutionary Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

According to Baumeister, which of the following is true about the role of culture in human life?
A. Culture enables humans to communicate through language and evolve.
The diversity of expressive behaviors shows that human behaviors are hardwired, not socially programmed.
Culture and biology are two completely separate influences on behavior formation in humans.
Culture explains why Africans have darker skin than Scandinavians.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 120

Topic: Culture

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Which of the following is an apparent universal norm for friendship?
One should lower one’s eyes while talking to a friend.
One should involve oneself in every matter of a friend’s private life.
One should be forgiven if one embarrasses a friend with public criticism.
D. One should not divulge things said in confidence.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective.

Page: 125

Topic: Culture

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

According to Leung and Bond’s universal social belief dimensions, which of the following sample questionnaire items is used to check people’s adherence to reward for application?
A. “One will succeed if he/she really tries.”
“Powerful people tend to exploit others.”
“Religious faith contributes to good mental health.”
“One has to deal with matters according to the specific circumstances.”

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 127

Topic: Big Five Social Beliefs

Topic: Leung and Bond

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

Compared with males, the average female:
has fewer neural connections.
is less vulnerable to depression.
C. is more sensitive to smells and sounds.
is more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 129

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

According to Pratto and her colleagues (1997), which type of job is a male most likely to gravitate toward?
public defender
advertiser for charity organizations
C. corporate advertising
elementary school guidance counselor

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 132

Topic: Gender Roles

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

When Trudy’s best friend Jada sobs to her that she just broke up with her fiancé, Trudy begins crying too. Trudy’s emotional reaction to Jada’s heartbreak is best explained in terms of:
A.
cynicism.
sympathy.
altruism.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 132

Topic: Gender Variations

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

In how many societies today do we see women dominating men?
A. 0
5
7
10

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 132

Topic: Gender Roles

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

In which of the following situations are women likely to be more aggressive than men?
hunting
warring
C. spreading of malicious gossip
men are more likely than women to be aggressive in all of these situations

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 134

Topic: Aggression

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

Which of the following is NOT a criticism against evolutionary psychology?
It is based on hindsight.
There is not enough empirical evidence to support its claims.
C. It goes against biological research.
The theories reinforce male-female stereotypes.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 119

Topic: Evolutionary Perspective

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

Peer influence best explains why:
sisters Karen and Alisha are both introverted.
B. Carol was only willing to try sushi after her best friend did.
Sharon is a democrat.
Alex is Catholic.

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 124

Topic: Social Influence

Feedback: Evolution and Gender, Doing What Comes Naturally

Compared to girls, boys:
play less aggressively.
B. play in larger groups.
talk more intimately.
spend more time on social networking sites.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 130

Topic: Gender Roles

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

In the context of a study by Putnam (2000) on family relations, identify a true statement about the behaviors of men and women.
Compared with women, men buy more greeting cards and gifts.
Compared with women, men write two to four times as many personal letters.
C. Compared with women, men make fewer long-distance calls to their loved ones.
Compared with women, men become more traditional in their gender-related attitudes following their child’s birth.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 132

Topic: Gender Roles

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

Women are typically _____ leaders. Men are typically _____ leaders.
directive; task-focused
task-focused; transformational
C. transformational; task-focused
task-focused; relational

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Page: 134

Topic: Gender Roles

Feedback: How Are Males and Females Alike and Different?

According to Haselton and Gildersleeve, which of the following statements is true of women during ovulation when compared to other days?
A woman will be less mindful of potentially threatening men.
A woman will despise and avoid men who are confident and socially dominant.
A woman will be more attracted to aggressive men.
D. A woman will express greater ability to detect men’s sexual orientation.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 116

Topic: Attraction

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Biology?

William is a researcher who studies the pattern of gene expression in human beings. He observes that when people face major life-changing events or stressors, they experience depression that ranges from mild to severe. If people have a good support system, the expression of the gene related to depression is mitigated. William most likely studies _____ in this scenario.
genealogy
B. epigenetics
metagenomics
preformationism

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 119–120

Topic: Biology

Feedback: How Are We Influenced by Culture?

According to Wood and Eagly’s research on the interaction of biology and culture, which of the following statements is true of gender roles in societies?
As women’s employment in formerly male occupations has increased, the gender difference in self-reported assertiveness has increased.
B. A variety of factors, including biological influences and childhood socialization, predispose a sexual division of labor.
In cultures with greater equality of gender roles, the gender difference in mate preferences is more than cultures with less equality.
As men and women enact more similar roles, all psychological differences disappear.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 138

Topic: Social Role Theory

Feedback: What Can We Conclude about Genes, Culture, and Gender?

Explain the hindsight criticism of evolutionary psychology. Provide an example of this type of thinking in evolutionary psychology.

Answers will vary.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 117

Topic: Evolutionary Perspective

Imagine yourself going to the head of a very long line for a popular movie and cutting in. What are the likely consequences of such a norm violation? How does this scenario illustrate the function(s) of social norms?

Answers will vary.

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 122

Topic: Culture

Discuss cultural versus evolutionary explanations for gender differences in aggressiveness. Given the implications of this theory, what do you suggest for reducing aggression in our society?

Answers will vary.

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 134

Topic: Aggression

In your opinion, what are the most important gender differences described in the textbook? Why?

Answers will vary.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ.

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 130–132

Topic: Gender Variations

Harris (1996) argued that if you left a group of children with their same schools, neighborhoods, and peers but switched their parents, those children “would develop into the same sort of adults.” What then is the role of parenting? How do parents influence the development of their children?

Answers will vary.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations.

Page: 124

Topic: Social Influence

Discuss the social-role theory of gender differences in social behavior.

Answers will vary.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 138

Topic: Social Role Theory

What are the pros and cons of seeing ourselves as free agents while viewing others as influenced by their environments?

Answers will vary.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s Level: Understand

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations.

Page: 121—122

Topic: Culture

Category # of Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 126

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology 27

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains 76

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology 23

Bloom’s Level: Apply 24

Bloom’s Level: Remember 53

Bloom’s Level: Understand 49

Difficulty: High 27

Difficulty: Low 52

Difficulty: Medium 47

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast how evolutionary psychologists and psychologists working from a sociocultural perspective, seek to explain gender variations. 46

Learning Objective: Describe how males and females are alike, and how they differ. 32

Learning Objective: Explain how biology and culture interact, and also how our individual personalities interact with our situations. 25

Learning Objective: Summarize two perspectives on human similarities and differences: the evolutionary perspective and the cultural perspective. 23

Learning Objective: Understand how culture’s influence is vividly illustrated by differing gender roles across place and time. 1

Page: 112 1

Page: 113 9

Page: 114 3

Page: 115 1

Page: 115—116 1

Page: 116 5

Page: 117 8

Page: 118 1

Page: 119 7

Page: 119–120 1

Page: 120 2

Page: 120–121 1

Page: 121 4

Page: 121—122 1

Page: 122 11

Page: 123 2

Page: 124 9

Page: 125 1

Page: 127 9

Page: 127–128 1

Page: 128 3

Page: 129 1

Page: 130 4

Page: 130–132 1

Page: 131 1

Page: 131–132 1

Page: 132 12

Page: 133 4

Page: 133–135 1

Page: 134 8

Page: 135 2

Page: 137 3

Page: 138 5

Page: 139 2

Topic: Aggression 7

Topic: Attraction 6

Topic: Big Five Social Beliefs 6

Topic: Biology 6

Topic: Body Image 1

Topic: Cultural Perspective 15

Topic: Culture 22

Topic: Evolutionary Perspective 19

Topic: Gender Roles 19

Topic: Gender Variations 28

Topic: Leung and Bond 6

Topic: Social Influence 3

Topic: Social Role Theory 3

Social Psychology 13th Edition by David Myers - Test Bank

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Social Psychology 13th Edition by David Myers - Test Bank

Description

Additional Information

Reviews

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