Statistics A Gentle Introduction 3rd Edition By Coolidge – Test Bank

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Chapter 5 Test Questions

1. Which of the following is true about correlational designs?
2. Finding a relationship between two variables does not mean that one causes the other but could give clues to set up experiments where causality may be determined.
3. Finding a relationship between two variables NEVER means that one causes the other.
4. Correlational designs are not very common.
5. Correlational designs are more powerful than a controlled experiment.
6. A dependent variable in an experiment can be likened to the ___________ in the signal-to-noise ratio.
7. signal
8. to
9. noise
10. ratio
11. The difference between two means in a controlled experiment that is just attributed to chance or random error is called ___________ in the signal-to-noise ratio.
12. signal
13. to
14. noise
15. ratio
16. Which of the following is a Type I error?
17. rejecting H₀ when H₀ is false
18. rejecting H₀ when H₀ is true
19. not rejecting H₀ when H₀ is true
20. not rejecting H₀ when H₀ is false
21. Because it is said in science “one experiment does not prove anything,” statisticians rely on ___________ to test the usefulness of theories.
22. a controlled experiment
23. at least two experiments
24. parametric and nonparametric tests
25. replication
26. The probability of committing the Type I error is also called ___________.
27. alpha
28. beta
29. delta
30. omega
31. The probability of committing the Type II error is also called ___________.
32. alpha
33. beta
34. delta
35. omega
36. The minimum conventional level of statistical significance is ___________.
37. .01
38. .05
39. .10
40. .50
41. When findings in an experiment do not reach the conventional level of statistical significance, they are reported to be ___________.
42. nonsignificant
43. insignificant
44. significant
45. unworthy
46. A trend in the data means that the experimenter
47. rejected the null hypothesis at p < .05
48. rejected the null hypothesis at p < .01
49. did not reject the null hypothesis but came close to doing so
50. none of the above
51. In the section “Trends, and Does God Really Love the .05 Level of Significance More Than the .06 Level?” Rosnow and Rosenthal have argued that the strength of evidence for or against a null hypothesis should be a fairly continuous function of the size of
52. p (the significance level)
53. beta
54. the sample size
55. the size of the standard deviations for each group
56. If a magician claims that he can bend spoons with his mind, what did Carl Sagan propose to test the claim?
57. a lie detector test
58. the baloney detection kit
59. the salami detection kit
60. the Atkins detection kit
61. In the section “Can Statistics Solve Every Problem?” your course author argues
62. yes
63. no
64. In the classic two-group controlled experiment, what parameter is of central interest between the two groups?
65. the means
66. the standard deviations
67. the sample size
68. the median
69. Which of the following is more likely to end up being too sensitive to chance differences?
70. a nondirectional alternative hypothesis
71. a directional alternative hypothesis
72. a nondirectional research hypothesis
73. all of the above

Chapter 5: Inferential Statistics

1. Finding a relationship between two variables does not mean that one causes the other but could give clues to set up experiments where causality may be determined.
2. signal
3. noise
4. rejecting H₀ when H₀ is true
5. replication
6. alpha
7. beta
8. .05
9. nonsignificant
10. did not reject the null hypothesis but came close to doing so
11. p (the significance level)
12. the baloney detection kit
13. no
14. the means
15. a directional alternative hypothesis