Statistics and Data Analysis for Nursing Research 2nd Edition By Denise F. Polit - Test Bank

Statistics and Data Analysis for Nursing Research 2nd Edition By Denise F. Polit – Test Bank

 

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Chapter 3

Central Tendency, Variability, and Relative Standing

 

3.1. A distribution of data values can be described in terms of all of the following characteristics except:

1. Central tendency
2. Variability

*c. Relative standing

1. Shape

 

3.2. Central tendency indexes are all of the following except which of the following statements?

1. They are descriptive statistics.

*b. They summarize how dispersed a set of scores is.

1. They provide information about a value around which scores cluster.
2. They are appropriate for interval- and ratio-level measures.

 

3.3. In the following distribution (10  11  12  13  14  15  15  15  15) the mode is:

1. 11
2. 12
3. 14

*d. 15

 

3.4. In the following distribution (10  11  12  13  14  15  15  15  15) the median is:

1. 11
2. 12

*c. 14

1. 15

 

3.5. The median is all of the following except:

1. The 50^th percentile
2. The point that divides a distribution in half
3. Q₂

*d. The most popular score in the distribution

 

3.6. For which of the following set of numbers are the mean, median, and mode the same value?

*a.  1  2  3  3  4  4  4  4  4  5  5  6  7

1. 1 1 2  2  3  3  4  4  5  5  6  6  7  7
2. 1 1 1  2  3  3  4  4  5  5  6  7  7   7
3. All of the above

 

3.7. In which type of distribution is the mean a higher value than the median or mode?

1. A leptokurtic distribution

*b. A positively skewed distribution

1. A negatively skewed distribution
2. A normal distribution

 

 

3.8. If there are outliers at either end of a distribution that is symmetric, a researcher might:

*a. Calculate a trimmed mean

1. Report the median rather than the mean
2. Report the mode rather than the mean
3. Omit the variable from further analyses

 

3.9. Which of the following indexes of dispersion is not in the original units of measurement of the variable?

1. Range
2. Interquartile range
3. Standard deviation

*d. Variance

 

3.10. Which of the following indexes of dispersion tends to be least stable—most likely to fluctuate from one sample to another from the same population?

*a. Range

1. IQR
2. Standard deviation
3. Variance

 

3.11. Which of the following indexes involves the calculation of deviation scores (x)?

1. Range
2. IQR

*c. SD

1. M

 

3.12. Which of the following indexes involves the calculation of percentiles?

1. z

*b. IQR

1. SD
2. M

 

3.13. Which of the following statistical symbols does not belong with the others?

1. SD
2. IQR
3. M

*d. μ

 

3.14. What percentage of cases for a normally distributed variable lies within 1 SD above and below the mean?

1. 34%
2. 50%

*c. 68%

1. 95%

 

3.15. In calculating standard scores, which two descriptive statistics are needed?

1. Median, IQR
2. Median, percentiles
3. Mean, Range

*d. Mean, SD

 

3.16. A z score of 0.00 corresponds to an original score that:

1. Could not be used in the calculation of the mean

*b. Is the same as the mean in the original distribution

1. Is the lowest score in the original distribution
2. Is an outlier

 

3.17. A z score of -1.00 corresponds approximately to a score for a normally distributed variable that is at the:

1. 1^st percentile
2. 10^th percentile

*c. 16^th percentile

1. 84^th percentile

 

3.18. An extreme outlier is:

1. More than 3 SDs above the mean
2. Equivalent to a z score of -3.0 or lower, or +3.0 or higher
3. More than three times the value of the mean

*d. More than 3 times the IQR, below Q₁ or above Q₃

 

3.19. In a boxplot, information about a distribution is depicted in terms of:

*a. Percentiles

1. Standard deviation units
2. z scores
3. T scores

 

3.20. The number 100 can always be thought of as:

1. A mean of a distribution when the SD is 15
2. A value equivalent to the 10^th percentile

*c. A number whose real limits are 99.5 and 100.5

1. An outlier

 

Questions 3.21 through 3.25 pertain to the following table (Table 3):

 

Table 3

Characteristics of Chemotherapy Patients (N =100)

 

Characteristic	M (SD)	Mdn
Age (years)	48.9   (9.8)	47.0
Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2)	27.0  (6.0)	25.1
Number of positive nodes	3.4   (2.9)	2.0
Dose of cyclophosphamide (mg)	1063.0  (477.0)	1250.0
Dose of doxorubicin (mg)	125.0  (53.0)	125.0
Degree of nausea, 0-100 scale	52.1   (25.0)	52.0

 

3.21. Refer to Table 3. For the variable body mass index, the variance is:

27. 27.0
28. 27.0²
29. 6.0

*d. 36.0

 

3.22. Refer to Table 3. For the variable number of positive nodes, the statistics suggest that the distribution is:

*a. Positively skewed

1. Negatively skewed
2. Symmetric
3. Normal

 

3.23. Refer to Table 3. Assume that the distribution for the variable degree of nausea is normally distributed. In such a case, out of the 100 sample members, approximately how many gave a nausea rating of 77 or higher?

1. 0
2. 3

*c. 16

1. 34

 

3.24. Refer to Table 3. Which variable in Table 3 is most likely to be negatively skewed?

1. Age
2. Body mass index

*c. Dose of cyclophosphamide

1. Dose of doxorubicin

 

3.25. Refer to Table 3. For the variable body mass index, what would be the standard score for a person whose BMI was 21.0?

*a. -1.0

1. 0.0
2. 1.0
3. 2.0