Supply Chain Management A Logistics Perspective 9th Edition By Coyle -Test Bank

Supply Chain Management A Logistics Perspective 9th Edition By Coyle -Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

CHAPTER 5 TEST QUESTIONS

 

True-False

 

1. A metric and a measure are the same.

ANSWER:  False, Page 141

 

2. A metric is complex to define, usually involves a calculation or a combination of measurements, and is often in the form of a ratio.

ANSWER:  True, Page 141

 

3. A metric could drive inappropriate behavior.

ANSWER:  True, Page 142

 

4. Scorecards and key performance indicators (KPIs) are the same thing.

ANSWER: True, Page 142

 

5. Evaluating current or potential supply chain performance metrics is not important to a sound logistics program.

ANSWER:  False, Page 145

 

6. The focus on performance measurement is a recent event in industry.

ANSWER: False, Page 144

 

7. 7. Customers and suppliers should be included in the development of metrics.

ANSWER: True, Page 145

 

8. Managers should resist sub-optimization of their particular function unless it benefits the organization as a whole.

ANSWER: True, Pages 145-146

 

9. Four major categories that provide a useful way to examine logistics and supply chain performance are: time, quality, cost, and inventory.

ANSWER:  False, Page 147

 

10. Another metric classification scheme that has been receiving increased attention is that

developed by the Supply Chain Council and contained in the Supply Chain Operations and

Reference (SCOR) model.

ANSWER:  True, Page 147

 

11. Order cycle time (OCT) is another very important logistics service metric. OCT influences product availability, customer inventories, and seller’s cash flow and profit.

ANSWER:  True, Page 150

 

12. Supply chain management involves the control of raw material, in-process, and finished

goods inventories.

ANSWER: True, Page 151

 

Multiple-Choice

13. The purpose of this chapter is to
    1. discuss how supply chain metrics are developed.
    2. develop quantitative tools to show how metrics can be linked to financial performance.
    3. offer methods for classifying supply chain metrics.
    4. all of these answers

ANSWER:  d, Page 140

 

14. An index
    1. combines two or more metrics into a single indicator.
    2. is complex to define, usually involves a calculation and is often in the form of a ratio.
    3. is easily defined with no calculations and with simple dimensions
    4. is any quantitative output of an activity or process

ANSWER:  a, Page 141

 

15. Scorecard and key performance indicators (KPIs) refer to
    1. sporting events.
    2. metrics to manage logistics operations.
    3. management’s evaluation of supply chain staff.
    4. measuring output.

ANSWER: b, Page 142

 

16. The current logistics management approach is supported by which performance measurement concepts?
    2. total cost.
    3. least total cost.
    4. the D1 concept developed by the Supply Chain Council.

ANSWER: c, Page 144

 

17. Another driving influence for supply chain reexamination has been the desire of organizations to change their supply chain focus from a __________to an “investment” center.
    1. warehouse system
    2. logistics-oriented system
    3. cost center
    4. value neutral

ANSWER:  c, Page 145

 

18. An “executive dashboard” is
    1. a small number (usually less than five) of KPIs.
    2. used by senior management to track profits.
    3. metrics used by an organization’s suppliers
    4. a trend that has only recently developed.

ANSWER: a, Page 145

 

19. There are four major categories that provide a useful way for examining logistics and supply chain performance: They are: time, ______, cost, and supporting metrics.
    1. delivery
    2. KPIs
    3. competition
    4. quality

ANSWER: d, Page 147

 

20. In the SCOR Model there are five major categories of metrics that need to be used to measure the performance of Process D1: reliability, ___________, agility, costs, and asset management.
    1. ROA
    2. responsiveness
    3. supply chains
    4. cash to cash cycle

ANSWER: b, Page 147

 

21. The decision to alter the supply chain process is essentially ___________issue.
    1. a management
    2. an optimization
    3. a supply chain
    4. a customer satisfaction

ANSWER: b, Page 151

 

22. What is the best financial metric to show the profit an organization generates in relationship to assets utilized?
23. ROA
24. Profit
25. Return on net worth
26. Stock price

ANSWER: a., Page 155

 

23. Channel structure management includes decisions regarding the use of outsourcing,

channel inventories, ____________, and channel structure.

1.   cash to cash management
2. information systems
3. order cycle
4. KPIs

ANSWER:  b, Page 156

 

24. Effective order management can have an impact on
25. reducing supply chain costs.
26. increasing revenues.
27. improving ROA.
28. all of these answers

ANSWER: d, Page 157

 

25. Which of the following is NOT an element of Order Management?
26. reducing stockouts
27. reducing order processing times
28. optimizing mode mix
29. optimizing order fill rate

ANSWER c, Page 157

 

26. Which of the following is NOT a supply chain decision area regarding ROA

improvement?

1. Channel Structure Management
2. Inventory Management
3. Order Management
4. Information Management

ANSWER d, Page 157

 

27. Gross margin equals
28. sales minus COGS
29. Sales + taxes minus COGS
30. COGS – Sales
31. COGS – taxes

ANSWER a, Page 177

 

Essay

 

28. 28. Discuss the differences between the terms metric, measure, and index.

ANSWER:  Traditionally, the term measure was used to denote any quantitative output of an activity or process. Today, the term metric is being used more often in place of the term measure. A measure is easily defined with no calculations and with simple dimensions. Logistics examples would include units of inventory and backorder dollars. A metric is more complex to define and usually involves a calculation or a combination of measurements, often in the form of a ratio. Logistics examples would include inventory future days of supply, inventory turns, and sales dollars per stock-keeping unit. An index combines two or more metrics into a single indicator.  Usually an index is used to track trends in the output of a process.  A logistics example of an index is the perfect order.  (Page 141)

 

29. There are ten characteristics of a good metric. Name at least five, and pick any two for further discussion.

 

ANSWER: A good metric:

• Is quantitative
• Is easy to understand
• Encourages appropriate behavior
• Is visible
• Is defined and mutually understood
• Encompasses both outputs and inputs
• Measures only what is important
• Is multidimensional
• Uses economies of effort
• Facilitates trust (Figure 5.1 on Page 141)

 

30. There are seven factors in the successful development of supply chain metrics. Name them, and select any two to discuss in more detail.

ANSWER:  First, develop a metrics program that is the result of a team effort. Second, involve customers and suppliers, where appropriate, in the metrics development process. Third, develop a tiered structure for the metrics. Many organizations develop a small number (usually less than five) of KPIs or “executive dashboard” metrics that are reviewed at the executive level for strategic decision making. Fourth, identify metric “owners” and tie metric goal achievement to an individual’s or division’s performance evaluation. Fifth, establish a procedure to mitigate conflicts arising from metric development and implementation. A true process metric might require a functional area within an organization to sub-optimize its performance to benefit the organization as a whole. Sixth, establish supply chain metrics that are consistent with corporate strategy. Finally, establish top management support for the development of a supply chain metrics program. (Pages 145-146)

 

31. 31. There are four major categories that provide a useful way to classify supply chain performance metrics. Name them, and select one to discuss in more detail.

ANSWER: Four major categories that provide a useful way for examining logistics and supply chain performance are: (1) time, (2) quality, (3) cost, and (4) supporting metrics. (Pages 146-147)

 

32. Discuss the metric classification scheme that has been developed by the Supply Chain Council and defined in the Supply Chain Operations and Reference (SCOR) model to measure the performance of Process D1: Deliver Stocked Product.

ANSWER: According to the Supply Chain Council, there are five major categories of metrics that need to be used to measure the performance of Process D1: (1) reliability – the performance of the supply chain in delivering the correct product, to the correct place, at the correct time, in the correct condition and packaging, in the correct quantity, with the correct documentation, to the correct customer; (2) responsiveness – the speed at which the supply chain provides products to customers; (3) agility – the flexibility of the supply chain in responding to marketplace changes to gain or maintain competitive advantage; (4) costs – the expenditures associated with operating the supply chain; and (5) asset management – the effectiveness of an organization in managing assets to support demand satisfaction and including the management of all assets (fixed and working capital). (Page 147)

 

33. 33. Discuss how a seller’s cost influences a customer’s profit and how a seller’s service impacts a customer’s revenue.

ANSWER: If the cost of a seller’s logistics service allows a customer to make more profit from the seller’s product, the customer should be willing to buy more products from the seller. For example, a manufacturer is able to deliver its product to the buyer’s retail store for $0.25 less per case than the competitor can deliver its product to the same store. By keeping the price constant at the shelf, the buyer can realize an additional $0.25 per case profit. Similarly, a manufacturer’s logistics service level will have an impact on the retailer’s revenues. For example, the same manufacturer in the previous example has an in-stock rate at the buyer’s store of 98 percent, compared to 90 percent for the competition.  This higher in-stock service level allows the buyer to realize higher revenues from the higher product availability.  So, transaction cost and revenue highlight the need to emphasize the impacts of logistics cost and service on supply chain profits and revenues.  (Page 150)

 

34. What is the “Order-to-Cash” cycle?

 

ANSWER: The order-to-cash cycle includes all of the activities that occur from the time an order is received by a seller until the seller receives payment for the shipment. Typically, the invoice is sent to the customer after the order is shipped. If the terms of sale are net 30 days, the seller will receive payment in 30 days plus the time needed to process the order. The longer the order-to-cash cycle, the longer it takes for the seller to get its payment. The longer the order-to-cash cycle, the higher the accounts receivable and the higher the investment in “sold” finished goods. So the length of the order-to-cash cycle directly relates to the amount of capital tied up and not available for other investments. (Page 151)

 

35. Discuss the revenue-cost savings connection and include the formula.

 

ANSWER: Logistics and supply chain managers find it advantageous to transform cost reductions into equivalent revenue increases to explain to top management the effects of improved supply chain cost performance. To accomplish this, the following equations can be used:

 

Profit = Revenue − Costs

where

Cost = (X%)(Revenue)

then

Profit = Revenue − (X%)(Sales) = Revenue(1 − X%)

where

(1 − X%) = Profit Margin

Sales = Profit/Profit Margin

 

Assuming that everything else remains unchanged, a logistics cost saving will directly increase pre-tax profits by the amount of the cost saving. If a logistics cost saving increases profit by the same amount, the revenue equivalent of this cost saving is found by dividing the cost saving by the profit margin, as shown in the preceding equations. (Page 153)

 

36. Discuss the Supply Chain Financial Impact on an organization.

 

ANSWER: A major financial objective for any organization is to produce a satisfactory return for stockholders. This requires the generation of sufficient profit in relation to the size of the stockholders’ investment to ensure that investors will maintain confidence in the organization’s ability to manage its investments. Low returns over time will see investors seek alternative uses for their capital. High returns over time, however, will buoy investor confidence to maintain their investments with the organization.

 

The absolute size of the profit must be considered in relation to the stockholders’ net investment, or net worth. For example, if Company A makes a profit of $1 million and Company B makes a profit of $100 million, it would appear that Company B would be a better investment. However, if A has a net worth of $10 million and B $10 billion, the return on net worth for a stockholder in Company A is 10 percent ($1 million/$10 million) and for Company B it is 1 percent ($100 million/$10 billion).

 

An organization’s financial performance is also judged by the profit it generates in relationship to the assets utilized, or return on assets (ROA). An organization’s return on assets is a financial performance metric that is used as a benchmark to compare management and organization performance to that of other organizations in the same industry or similar industries. As with return on net worth, return on assets is dependent on the level of profits for the organization.

 

The supply chain plays a critical role in determining the level of profitability in an organization. The more efficient and productive the supply chain, the greater the profit potential of the organization. Conversely, the less efficient and less productive, the higher the supply chain costs and the lower the profitability. (Pages 154 – 155)