The Physical Universe 17Th edition By Konrad Krauskopf - Test Bank

The Physical Universe 17Th edition By Konrad Krauskopf – Test Bank

 

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

 

Chapter 08 Test Bank KEY

 

1. The nucleus of an atom cannot be said to

 

1. contain most of the atom’s mass.

 

1. be small in size.

 

1. be electrically neutral.

 

1. deflect alpha particles that come near it.

 

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Section: 08.01

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

2. Of the following particles, the one with the smallest mass is the

 

 

 

 

 

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Section: 08.02

 

Section: 08.03

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

3. Of the following particles, the one with the greatest mass is the

 

 

 

 

 

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Section: 08.02

 

Section: 08.03

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

4. Of the following particles, the only one that is not stable outside an atom is the

 

 

 

 

 

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Section: 08.03

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

5. The atomic number of the nucleus is

 

4. 4.

 

 

 

 

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Section: 08.02

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

6. The mass number of the nucleus is

 

 

 

 

 

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Section: 08.02

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

7. The number of protons in the nucleus is

 

4. 4.

 

 

 

 

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Section: 08.02

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

8. The number of neutrons in the nucleus is

 

4. 4.

 

5. 5.

 

 

 

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Section: 08.02

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

9. The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by its

 

1. atomic number.

 

1. mass number.

 

1. binding energy.

 

1. number of isotopes.

 

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Section: 08.02

 

Topic: Atomic Physics

 

10. The atoms of the isotopes of a given element have the same number of

 

1. protons.

 

 

 

 

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Section: 08.02

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

11. Which of the following is not an isotope of hydrogen?

 

A.

 

 

B.

 

 

C.

 

 

D.

 

 

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Section: 08.02

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

12. The number of neutrons in a nucleus

 

1. is less than the number of protons it contains.

 

1. is the same as the number of protons it contains.

 

1. is more than the number of protons it contains.

 

1. Any of the above, depending on the nucleus.

 

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Section: 08.02

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

13. Which, if any, of the following elements have no radioactive isotopes?

 

1. hydrogen.

 

 

1. potassium.

 

 

1. uranium.

 

 

1. All of these elements have radioactive isotopes.

 

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Section: 08.03

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

14. A molecule of heavy water contains

 

1. two oxygen atoms instead of one.

 

1. three hydrogen atoms instead of two.

 

1. deuterium atoms instead of hydrogen atoms.

 

1. a deuterium atom instead of an oxygen atom.

 

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Section: 08.02

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

15. The nucleus of a helium atom is called

 

1. an alpha particle.

 

1. a beta particle.

 

1. a gamma ray.

 

1. a quark.

 

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Section: 08.03

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

16. The electromagnetic waves emitted by a nucleus are called

 

1. ultraviolet rays.

 

1. X-rays.

 

1. gamma rays.

 

1. quarks.

 

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Section: 08.03

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

17. A particle never emitted in beta decay is the

 

1. neutron.

 

 

 

 

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Section: 08.03

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

18. The mass of a positron is

 

1. equal to the mass of an electron.

 

1. more than the mass of an electron but less than the mass of a proton.

 

1. equal to the mass of a proton.

 

1. more than the mass of a proton.

 

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Section: 08.03

 

Topic: Elementary Particle Physics

 

19. Which one or more of the following statements is true in general?

 

1. Alpha particles are more able to penetrate matter than beta particles and gamma rays.
2. Alpha particles are less able to penetrate matter than beta particles and gamma rays.

 

1. Alpha particles are less able to penetrate matter than beta particles but more able to do so than gamma rays.

 

1. Alpha particles are more able to penetrate matter than beta particles but less able to do so than gamma rays.

 

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Figure: 08.08

 

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Section: 08.03

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

20. The atomic number of a nucleus decreases when it emits

 

1. a proton.

 

1. a neutron.

 

1. an electron.

 

1. a positron.

 

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Section: 08.02

 

Section: 08.03

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

21. When a nucleus undergoes radioactive decay, its new mass number is

 

1. always less than its original mass number.

 

1. always more than its original mass number.

 

1. never less than its original mass number.

 

1. never more than its original mass number.

 

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Section: 08.02

 

Section: 08.03

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

22. A nucleus with too few neutrons for stability may decay radioactively with the emission of

 

1. a neutron.

 

1. a proton.

 

1. an electron.

 

1. a positron.

 

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Figure: 08.09

 

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Section: 08.03

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

23. As a sample of a radioactive nuclide decays, its half-life

 

1. decreases.

 

1. remains the same.

 

 

1. Any of these choices could be correct, depending upon the nuclide.

 

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Section: 08.04

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

24. If radium and chlorine combine to form radium chloride, the compound is

 

1. no longer radioactive.

 

1. half as radioactive as its radium content.

 

1. as radioactive as its radium content.

 

1. twice as radioactive as its radium content.

 

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Section: 08.04

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

25. Most known nuclides

 

1. are stable.

 

1. are radioactive.

 

1. can undergo fission.

 

1. have more nuclear mass than the total mass of their constituent nucleons.

 

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Section: 08.03

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

26. The sievert is a unit of

 

 

1. half-life.

 

1. particle energy.

 

1. radiation dosage.

 

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Section: 08.05

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

27. The most important single source of radiation dosage received by an average person in the United States is

 

 

 

1. medical x-rays

 

1. nuclear reactors.

 

 

 

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Figure: 08.12

 

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Section: 08.05

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

28. By far the most dangerous diagnostic x-rays in medicine are

 

1. dental x-rays.

 

1. chest x-rays.

 

1. CT scans.

 

 

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Figure: 08.12

 

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Section: 08.05

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

29. The radiation dosage due to cosmic rays is greatest

 

1. in orbiting spacecraft.

 

1. in airplanes at high altitudes.

 

1. at sea level.

 

 

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Section: 08.05

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

30. Which of the following is not a unit of energy?

 

1. joule.
2. kilowatt-hour.
3. ampere-hour.
4. electron volt.

 

 

 

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Section: 08.06

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

31. The unit in which atomic masses are usually expressed is the

 

 

 

 

 

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Section: 08.06

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

32. An atomic nucleus has a mass that is

 

1. less than the total mass of its constituent nucleons.

 

1. the same as the total mass of its constituent nucleons.

 

1. more than the total mass of its constituent nucleons.

 

1. Any of theses choices could be correct, depending on the nucleus.

 

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Figure: 08.13

 

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Section: 08.07

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

33. Nuclear fission and fusion reactions give off energy because

 

1. the binding energy per nucleon is least for nuclei of intermediate size.

 

1. the binding energy per nucleon is greatest for nuclei of intermediate size.

 

1. they result in the production of neutrons.

 

1. they result in the production of plutonium.

 

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Figure: 08.15

 

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Section: 08.08

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

34. A chain reaction does not occur in

 

1. ordinary nuclear reactors.

 

1. breeder reactors.

 

1. fusion reactors.

 

1. fission nuclear weapons.

 

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Section: 08.09

 

Section: 08.13

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

35. A nuclear reactor itself does not produce

 

1. electricity.

 

 

 

 

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Section: 08.10

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

36. The moderator in a nuclear reactor

 

1. slows down neutrons emitted during fission.

 

1. reduces the production of plutonium.

 

1. reduces the production of radiation.

 

1. prevents explosions.

 

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Section: 08.10

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

37. Enriched uranium contains

 

1. more than natural uranium.
2. more than natural uranium.

 

 

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Section: 08.10

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

38. Slightly enriched uranium can be the energy source of which of the following?

 

1. Nuclear fission reactors.
2. Nuclear fusion reactors.
3. Nuclear weapons.
4. X-rays

 

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Section: 08.10

 

Section: 08.13

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

39. A breeder reactor is designed to produce more nuclear fuel than it consumes. The new fuel is in the form of

 

A.	.
B.	.
C.  plutonium.
D.  tritium.
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	Section: 08.12
	Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

40. The number of major accidents that have occurred at nuclear power plants is

 

3. 3.

 

 

 

 

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Section: 08.14

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

41. A possible fuel for a fusion reactor is

 

1. _.

 

B.

1. plutonium.

 

1. tritium.

 

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Section: 08.13

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

42. The particle that most resembles the proton is the

 

 

 

 

 

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Section: 08.14

 

Topic: Elementary Particle Physics

 

43. The process of pair production cannot produce

 

1. a proton and an antiproton.

 

1. a neutron and an antineutron.

 

1. a neutron and a neutrino.

 

1. an electron and a positron.

 

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Section: 08.14

 

Topic: Elementary Particle Physics

 

44. Protons and neutrons are held together to form nuclei by the

 

1. gravitational interaction.

 

1. strong interaction.

 

1. weak interaction.

 

1. electromagnetic interaction.

 

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Figure: 08.29

 

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Section: 08.15

 

Topic: Elementary Particle Physics

 

45. The strongest of the fundamental interactions is the

 

1. gravitational interaction.

 

1. strong interaction.

 

1. weak interaction.

 

1. electromagnetic interaction.

 

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Section: 08.15

 

Topic: Elementary Particle Physics

 

46. The electromagnetic interaction is

 

1. the fundamental interaction with the shortest range.

 

1. responsible for the structures of atoms, molecules, liquids, and solids.

 

1. responsible for holding nucleons together to form nuclei.

 

1. responsible for radioactive decays.

 

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Figure: 08.29

 

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Section: 08.15

 

Topic: Elementary Particle Physics

 

47. The number of quarks in a proton or a neutron is

 

 

 

 

 

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Figure: 08.32

 

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Section: 08.16

 

Topic: Elementary Particle Physics

 

48. Quarks are not present in

 

1. electrons.

 

 

 

 

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Section: 08.16

 

Topic: Elementary Particle Physics

 

49. All known charged particles have electric charges that are multiples of ±e except for

 

 

 

 

 

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Section: 08.16

 

Topic: Elementary Particle Physics

 

50. A proton is annihilated when it interacts with which one or more of the following particles?

 

1. An electron.
2. A neutron.
3. An antineutron.
4. An antiproton.

 

 

 

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Section: 08.14

 

Topic: Elementary Particle Physics

51. The product of the alpha decay of the uranium isotope is

 

 

A._.

 

B.

.

 

 

C.

 

.

 

 

 

1. _.

 

 

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Section: 08.03

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

52. The helium isotope undergoes beta decay with the emission of an electron. The product of the decay is

 

 

A._.

 

1. _.

 

1. _.

 

1. _.

 

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Section: 08.03

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

 

 

 

 

A.

 

B.

 

C.

 

D.

53. The bismuth isotope, decays into the polonium isotope by

emitting an electron. capturing an electron. emitting a positron. emitting an alpha particle.

 

 

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Section: 08.03

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

54. When a nucleus of the copper isotope  captures an electron, it becomes

 

A.

.

 

1. _.

C.	.
D.	.

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Section: 08.03

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

55. When a nucleus of the copper isotope emits a positron, it becomes

 

A.

.

 

B.

.

 

1. _.
2. _.

 

 

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Section: 08.03

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

56. The product of the gamma decay of the strontium isotope is

 

1. _.
2. _.
3. _.
4. _.

 

 

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Section: 08.03

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

57. The nuclide that decays by electron capture to become is

 

1. _.
2. _.
3. _.
4. _.

 

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Section: 08.03

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

58. After 2 h has elapsed, one-sixteenth of the original quantity of a certain radionuclide remains undecayed. The half-life of this radionuclide is

 

1. 15 min.

 

1. 30 min.

 

1. 45 min.

 

1. 60 min.

 

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Section: 08.04

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

59. The half-life of tritium is 12.5 years. If we start out with 1 g of tritium, after 25 years there will be

 

1. no tritium left.

 

1. 1/4 g of tritium left.

 

1. 1/2 g of tritium left.

 

1. a total of 4 g of tritium.

 

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Section: 08.04

 

Topic: Nuclear Physics

 

Chapter 08 Test Bank Summary

 

Category	# of Questions
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation	45
Blooms: 1. Remember	23
Blooms: 2. Understand	29
Blooms: 3. Apply	5
Blooms: 4. Analyze	9
Blooms: 5. Evaluate	8
Figure: 08.08	1
Figure: 08.09	1
Figure: 08.12	2
Figure: 08.13	1
Figure: 08.15	1
Figure: 08.29	2
Figure: 08.32	1
Gradable: automatic	59
Section: 08.01	1
Section: 08.02	13
Section: 08.03	20
Section: 08.04	4
Section: 08.05	4
Section: 08.06	2
Section: 08.07	1
Section: 08.08	1
Section: 08.09	1
Section: 08.10	4
Section: 08.12	1
Section: 08.13	3
Section: 08.14	4
Section: 08.15	3
Section: 08.16	3
Topic: Atomic Physics	1
Topic: Elementary Particle Physics	10
Topic: Nuclear Physics	48