The Science of Psychology An Appreciative View 5th Edition by Laura King - Test Bank

The Science of Psychology An Appreciative View 5th Edition by Laura King – Test Bank

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Chapter 05

Test Bank

Your English professor gives you some advice on how to cure writer’s block. She tells you to sit at your computer for 15 minutes and write whatever comes into your head. You do not censor yourself or worry about spelling or grammar. Instead, you merely translate your thoughts into words. This technique will allow your ________ to flow.
river of dreams
circadian rhythm
C. stream of consciousness
level of awareness

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 140

Topic: Consciousness

Which of the following terms refer to the physiological state of being engaged with the environment?
A. arousal
awareness
intuition
insight

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 141

Topic: Consciousness

________ includes knowing about oneself and thoughts about one’s experiences.
Transcendence
B. Awareness
Intuition
Arousal

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 140

Topic: Consciousness

Britney is aware of the thoughts running through her mind and the emotions triggered by some of those thoughts. She is also aware of the sounds she hears, the things she sees in her room and outside the window, the smell of coffee brewing in the kitchen, and the smell of freshly cut grass coming through the window. She would be considered to be in a state of
A.
transcendence.
obstructionism.
hyperkinesis.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 140

Topic: Consciousness

Which of the following refers to the network of structures including the brain stem, medulla, and thalamus that are involved in the experience of arousal and engagement with the environment?
parasympathetic system
B. reticular activating system
pulmonary activating system
limbic system

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 141

Topic: Theory of Mind

The concept of “theory of mind” is best described as
an altered state of consciousness or a psychological state of altered attention and expectation in which the individual is unusually receptive to suggestions.
B. an understanding that everyone thinks, feels, perceives, and has private experiences.
one’s misinterpretation of subconscious thoughts.
the principle that governs controlled processing.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 141

Topic: Theory of Mind

Three-year-old Missy and her four-year-old brother Bob are watching a movie. In the movie, a “monster” sneaks into the closet while a little boy is sleeping. While Missy says nothing, Bob begins to shout at the screen telling the little boy not to open the closet door. Their different reactions reflect
the social learning theory.
B. the theory of mind.
problems with perception.
insight discrepancies.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 141

Topic: Theory of Mind

Controlled processes
require divided attention.
include concentrating on a specific aspect of experience while also paying attention to others.
are faster than automatic processes and are less likely to involve the prefrontal cortex.
D. involve individuals actively focusing their efforts toward a goal.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 143

Topic: Higher-Level Consciousness

Which of the following statements is true of controlled processes?
They are the least alert states of human consciousness.
They require less conscious efforts than automatic processes.
They are faster than automatic processes.
D. They require selective attention.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 143

Topic: Higher-Level Consciousness

Controlled processes differ from automatic processes in that controlled processes are
A. slower than automatic processes.
less likely to involve the prefrontal cortex than automatic processes.
states of consciousness that require less attention than automatic processes.
more repetitive than automatic processes.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 143

Topic: Higher-Level Consciousness

Frank buys a new smartphone and tries exploring the phone’s features as soon as he reaches home. While doing so, he fails to hear the doorbell, which has been ringing for five minutes. This illustrates the concept of
A. controlled processes.
automatic processes.
altered states of consciousness.
subconscious awareness.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 143

Topic: Higher-Level Consciousness

Timmy is going to participate in the national spelling bee competition to be held over the weekend. In order to prepare for the competition, he locks himself in his room and starts memorizing words along with their spelling. His mom calls him several times for supper, but he is so engrossed in memorizing that he ignores her repeated calls. Timmy is exhibiting
A. controlled processing.
automatic processing.
an altered state of consciousness.
subconscious awareness.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 143

Topic: Higher-Level Consciousness

Michael, a college student, recently purchased a new smartphone. He was reading the user manual for the smartphone and did not pay attention to his friend who was talking to him. In the context of the levels of awareness, Michael’s state of focused awareness best illustrates the concept of
A. controlled processes.
automatic processes.
altered processes.
subconscious processes.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 143

Topic: Higher-Level Consciousness

Which of the following individuals is exhibiting the highest level of conscious awareness?
A. Maria, who is working out an algebra problem on a piece of paper
Keiko, who is daydreaming about her upcoming vacation this weekend
Jackson, who is hypnotized in his therapist’s office
Benjamin, who is asleep

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 140

Topic: Consciousness

Thomas is playing his video game and is about to complete the last level. He seems unaware that his mom has been calling him for long. Which of the following is Thomas demonstrating?
arousal
automaticity
daydreaming
D. selective attention

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 143

Topic: Higher-Level Consciousness

Nick is studying for his science test that has been scheduled to be held the next day. He is unaware that his cellphone has been ringing loudly for the past five minutes. In this case, Nick is exhibiting
divided attention.
B. selective attention.
daydreaming.
arousal.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 143

Topic: Higher-Level Consciousness

Aaron is working on a history assignment that he must submit the next day. His favorite TV show is on air, but he continues to work on the assignment as it is important. In this case, Aaron is demonstrating
divided attention.
B. selective attention.
daydreaming.
arousal.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 143

Topic: Higher-Level Consciousness

Identify a true statement about automatic processes.
They are the most alert states of human consciousness.
They need more conscious effort than controlled processes.
They typically interfere with other ongoing activities.
D. They occur at a lower level of awareness than controlled processes.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 144

Topic: Lower-Level Consciousness

Priya is an experienced motorbike rider. While riding her motorbike, she brakes and steers when needed without giving much thought. She does not consciously make an effort to do these activities. This scenario most likely exemplifies the concept of
daydreaming.
hypnosis.
controlled processes.
D. automatic processes.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 144

Topic: Lower-Level Consciousness

Sharon can type a text message on her cell phone without even looking at the keypad. This is an example of
theory of mind.
executive function.
C. automatic processing.
an altered state of consciousness.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 144

Topic: Lower-Level Consciousness

Adam, a student, is attending a lecture on the topic of semantics. He is able to concentrate on the lecture and is also able to type a message to his friend on his smartphone without looking at the phone. In the context of the levels of awareness, Adam’s state of consciousness best illustrates the concept of
A. automatic processes.
controlled processes.
executive function.
altered awareness.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 144

Topic: Lower-Level Consciousness

Paul, an aspiring musician, is commuting to work by bus. While on the bus, he starts imagining himself playing his guitar in a live concert with his favorite musicians. In the context of the levels of awareness, Paul’s state of awareness best illustrates
A.
controlled processes.
automatic processes.
executive function.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 144

Topic: Lower-Level Consciousness

Which of the following statements is true of daydreaming?
It is considered a controlled process.
It typically involves a high level of conscious effort, unlike controlled processing.
C. It usually occurs when a person is doing something that requires less than full attention.
It is the most alert state of human consciousness.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 144

Topic: Daydreams

Identify a true statement about daydreaming.
It lies between the subconscious awareness state and the altered state of consciousness.
It occurs when the individual is doing something that requires full attention.
C. Its most obvious type is mind wandering.
It makes the mind completely idle and inactive.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 144

Topic: Daydreams

While Sarah does her dishes, she does not pay full attention to her dishes. Instead, she thinks about what she is going to have for dinner. Which of the following is Sarah most likely demonstrating?
executive function
B. daydreaming
selective abstraction
unconsciousness

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 144

Topic: Lower-Level Consciousness

During a lecture, Veronica fancies herself to be attending a Bon Jovi concert at Miami. She is most likely
in an altered state of consciousness.
exhibiting controlled processing.
C.
lacking awareness.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 144

Topic: Lower-Level Consciousness

While working, Lila imagines that she is at a beach and zones out. This scenario exemplifies the concept of
A. mind wandering.
controlled processing.
hypnosis.
meditation.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 144

Topic: Daydreams

After taking LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), Derek feels that his table and chair walk toward him and talk to him. Which of the following statements best describes this scenario?
Drug use affects circadian rhythms.
Drug use can result in successful incubation.
C. Drug use can induce altered states of consciousness.
Drug use leads to narcolepsy.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 144

Topic: Levels of Awareness

Topic: MDMA and LSD

Betty has dissociative identity disorder. Dr. Harper hypnotizes her to interact with the other personalities that she exhibits as a result of her condition. Betty is most likely
exhibiting increased level of consciousness.
demonstrating automatic processing.
C. in an altered state of consciousness.
representing high levels of executive function.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 144

Topic: Levels of Awareness

Jared consumes excessive amounts of alcohol at a party. He is most likely to
A. be in an altered state of consciousness.
show improved controlled processing.
be in the most alert state of human consciousness.
engage in higher-order, complex cognitive processes.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 144

Topic: Levels of Awareness

Ahmed is unable to answer a question in an aptitude test. After the test, he forgets about the question and watches a comedy movie. The next day, he suddenly gets the answer to the question. This scenario exemplifies the concept of
hypnosis.
meditation.
C.
tolerance.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 144-145

Topic: Incubation

________ refers to subconscious processing that leads to a solution to a problem after a break from conscious thought about the problem.
A. Incubation
Tolerance
Meditation
Hypnosis

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 144

Topic: Incubation

Celia fails to figure out the solution to a puzzle given by her friend. However, on her drive home, she figures out the solution to the puzzle even though she wasn’t thinking about the puzzle. In this scenario, Celia is demonstrating the altered state of consciousness called
metacognition.
awareness.
unconsciousness.
D.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 144

Topic: Levels of Awareness

It is the end of the month and Cindy is yet to pay several bills, but she does not have much money left. She spends most of the day thinking how she is going to make the payments. Later, while watching TV, she finds a solution to her problem. Cindy is demonstrating
metacognition.
meditation.
hypnosis.
D.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 144-145

Topic: Levels of Awareness

Which of the following statements is true of subconscious information processing?
It is slower than executive function.
It occurs in a sequential manner similar to controlled processes.
It requires more conscious effort than automatic processes.
D. It occurs simultaneously in a distributed manner along many parallel tracks.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 145

Topic: Levels of Awareness

Lorenzo, a student, is in the process of finding a solution to a math problem. He struggles to solve the problem until an idea pops into his head that helps him find the solution. Which of the following levels of awareness is best illustrated in this scenario?
A. subconscious awareness
altered state of consciousness
higher-level consciousness
no awareness

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 144

Topic: Levels of Awareness

Which of the following is most likely an example of no awareness or an “unconscious” state of mind?
daydreaming about your upcoming vacation
sleeping
mapping out the location of your vacation destination
D. being anesthetized

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 145

Topic: Levels of Awareness

Lukas is anesthetized before a surgery. In the context of the levels of awareness, which of the following levels best illustrates Lukas’s state?
A. no awareness
higher-level consciousness
altered state of consciousness
lower-level consciousness

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 145

Topic: Levels of Awareness

Which of the following statements is true of sleep?
It involves controlled processing.
It is an executive function.
It is defined as the absence of consciousness.
D. It involves the reversible loss of consciousness.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.

Page: 145

Topic: Circadian Rhythms

A class project required a student nurse to make hourly records of her own blood pressure and body temperature over a 30-day period. When the data were graphed, it was evident that these readings changed in a predictable way on a daily basis. The reason for this regularity is that many physiological processes are
determined by subconscious expectations.
B. governed by circadian rhythms.
controlled by daily lunar cycles.
correlated with lunar rotation.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.

Page: 146

Topic: Circadian Rhythms

Which of the following statements is true of the suprachiasmatic nucleus?
It ensures that automatic processes occur in a sequential manner.
It is responsible for making controlled processes faster than automatic processes.
C. It helps regulate daily rhythms such as temperature and hunger.
It prevents the occurrence of executive functions.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.

Page: 146

Topic: Circadian Rhythms

Ross takes a flight from Log Angeles to New York to attend a business meeting the next day. He checks into a hotel and goes to bed at 11 p.m. However, he is unable to fall asleep even though he is accustomed to sleeping by 11 p.m. Ross is unable to sleep because
A. his body time is out of phase with clock time.
he is in an altered state of consciousness.
he is in a state of incubation.
he is experiencing controlled processing.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.

Page: 147

Topic: Circadian Rhythms

Bradley participates in a sleep study at a university clinic. The researchers measure his body’s physiological changes while he is sleeping. Which hormone do they find in large doses just before Bradley wakes up?
melatonin
growth hormone
C. cortisol
prolactin

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.

Page: 147

Topic: Circadian Rhythms

The adrenal gland plays a role in maintaining circadian rhythm by
increasing the body temperature to help prepare for sleep.
B. producing the hormone cortisol to wake humans.
desynchronizing the biological clock.
monitoring the change from morning to night.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.

Page: 147

Topic: Circadian Rhythms

Hannah works as a flight attendant. Her job requires her to work night shift at a local grocery store every other day. She has trouble sleeping, which is most likely due to
excessive production of pepsin by her adrenal glands.
B. the fact that her circadian rhythms do not follow a fixed 24-hour cycle.
the fact that her suprachiasmatic nucleus stimulates the release of the hormone melatonin.
lack of executive function during her sleep.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.

Page: 146

Topic: Circadian Rhythms

Hannah, a call center employee working in day shifts, has been asked to work a night shift on Tuesday. During her night shift, Hannah falls asleep at her desk around midnight. Which of the following can best explain her behavior?
A. Her circadian rhythm has become desynchronized.
She is experiencing an altered state of consciousness.
She is demonstrating incubation.
Her metacognition level has significantly increased.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.

Page: 147

Topic: Circadian Rhythms

Your friend Helen just started working the night shift at the post office. This change in her work hours
will result in decreasing levels of cortisol in her body.
might lead to an increased probability of daydreaming.
C. may cause Helen to be at increased risk for kidney disease.
will result in longer hours of sleep.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.

Page: 147

Topic: Circadian Rhythms

Saina travels from India to the United States. During her first week in the United States, Saina tries to sleep at night but she is unable to fall asleep. Which of the following is most likely the reason for this?
Saina suffers from sleep apnea.
Saina suffers from narcolepsy.
C. In the United States, Saina’s adrenal glands release the hormone cortisol just as she gets ready for bed at night.
In the United States, Saina experiences altered states of consciousness because of the changes in circadian rhythms.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.

Page: 147

Topic: Circadian Rhythms

Rebecca lives in Boston. Her friend Serena just flew in from Denver. To help Serena adjust to the new time zone, Rebecca should
give Serena a lot of coffee.
let her sleep all day.
C. offer her a dose of melatonin.
take her to a movie to keep her out of the sunlight.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.

Page: 147

Topic: Circadian Rhythms

Jet lag may be best explained by
the elevation of serotonin in the prefrontal cortex.
dramatic changes in environmental stimuli.
dietary changes.
D. the effect of time shifts on circadian rhythms.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.

Page: 147

Topic: Circadian Rhythms

From an evolutionary perspective, which of the following is true of theories on the need for sleep?
A. They propose that sleep is a way to conserve energy.
They propose that animals are active at night to avoid becoming other animals’ prey.
They propose that animals that are likely to serve as someone else’s food sleep the most of all.
They propose that the search for food and water is the safest when it is dark.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.

Page: 147

Topic: Sleep

In the context of the findings of neuroscientists, which of the following statements is true of the role of sleep in brain plasticity?
A. Sleep affects synaptic connections in the brain.
Lack of sleep leads to stronger connections in the brain.
Lack of sleep helps the brain possess a clear representation of new learning.
Sleep plays a minimal role in the consolidation of memory.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.

Page: 148

Topic: Sleep

George has been studying hard because he has a history exam the next day. If he wants to remember most of what he has studied, he should
A. go to sleep rather than staying awake all night.
keep studying through the night.
take a break and watch some TV rather than studying all night.
eat a heavy meal to help him stay awake.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.

Page: 148

Topic: Sleep

Identify an effect of sleep deprivation.
It reduces the risk of sleep apnea.
It leads to increased attention to tasks.
It increases brain activity in the prefrontal cortex.
D. It lowers the complexity of processing in the brain.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.

Page: 148

Topic: Sleep

Jennifer has decided to go to bed early. Although her eyes are closed and she is very relaxed, she has not yet fallen asleep. An electroencephalograph (EEG) is most likely to indicate the presence of
delta waves.
B. alpha waves.
sleep spindles.
rapid eye movements.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.

Page: 149

Topic: Sleep

While attending a lecture, Lea starts yawning and fights hard to stay awake. She reclines in her chair, and, within minutes, she falls asleep with her head jerking upward at short intervals. Lea is in
A. stage N1 sleep.
stage N2 sleep.
stage N3 sleep.
stage N4 sleep.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.

Page: 149

Topic: Stages of Sleep

Natasha initially had difficulty falling asleep in the sleep lab as part of a research study. She finally drifted into sleep and was not awakened when a student researcher knocked a can of soda off the desk. The electroencephalograph (EEG) displayed theta waves with occasional sleep spindles. The researchers felt confident that Natasha was
about to wake up.
B. in stage N2 of the sleep cycle.
dreaming.
in REM sleep.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.

Page: 149

Topic: Stages of Sleep

Brenda goes to check on her sleeping daughter and observes that the child’s eyeballs are moving up and down and from left to right under the eyelids. It is likely that the child is
in the deepest level of sleep.
B.
in a hypnagogic state.
waking up.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.

Page: 150

Topic: REM Sleep

Which of the following statements is true of REM sleep?
REM sleep is an inactive stage of sleep during which high levels of cortisol are present in the body.
B. The longer the period of REM sleep, the more likely the person will report dreaming.
REM sleep occurs whenever the levels of melatonin in the body fall below a certain point, which differs from individual to individual.
The internal body temperature of humans is the highest during REM sleep.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.

Page: 150

Topic: REM Sleep

The longer the period of REM sleep, the more likely it is that a person will
wake up feeling drowsy.
B. report dreaming.
produce the hormone pepsin.
have a desynchronized circadian rhythm.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.

Page: 150

Topic: REM Sleep

Which of the following is true of a night’s sleep?
Individuals normally spend about 20 percent of sleep in light sleep.
REM sleep decreases as the night progresses.
C. Stage N3 sleep is much greater in the first half than in the second half of a night’s sleep.
Most REM sleep takes place during stage N1 of a night’s sleep.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.

Page: 150-151

Topic: Neurotransmitters

Topic: REM Sleep

The powerfully sleep-inducing chemicals produced by the body’s cells while a person is fighting an infection are known as
amphetamines.
B.
barbiturates.
opiates.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.

Page: 153

Topic: Sleep Problems

Jerry is filing for divorce. Lately, he is also having trouble at his job. Prior to these problems, he did not experience any sleep disorder, but, these days, he finds it extremely hard to fall asleep. Which of the following disorders is he most likely suffering from?
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
C. insomnia
schizophrenia

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 154

Topic: Sleep Problems

Oliver, a student, is preparing to take an exam. He is stressed about the exam and is unable to fall asleep. Even if he falls asleep, he often wakes up during the night or wakes up too early. In this scenario, which of the following disorders is the cause of Oliver’s condition?
A. insomnia
narcolepsy
somnambulism
somniloquy

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 154

Topic: Sleep Problems

Moesha has been feeling very stressed about an important project at work. She has difficulty falling asleep and awakens frequently during the night. Moesha is most likely suffering from
A.
somniloquy.
narcolepsy.
insomnia.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 154

Topic: Sleep Problems

Nikita is always tired. She goes to bed at about 10:30 every night and is asleep in seconds, but she wakes up frequently during the night. She is most likely suffering from
night terrors.
sleep apnea.
narcolepsy.
D. insomnia

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 154

Topic: Sleep Problems

Lily has been battling insomnia for a very long time. She recently began taking medication to help her sleep. After several weeks of taking the drug, she noticed that she no longer fits into most of her clothes. She realizes that she has put on 10 pounds. Which of the following medications is she most likely taking?
Valium
Tylenol
C. Ambien
Prosom

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 154

Topic: Sleep Problems

Identify a true statement about somnambulism.
It takes place during non-REM1 sleep.
It involves a sudden, overpowering urge to sleep.
C. It occurs during stages N2 and N3 of sleep.
It is a factor in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 154

Topic: Sleep Problems

Sleepwalking is more likely to occur when individuals
meditate before going to sleep.
B. consume alcohol before going to sleep.
talk in their sleep.
experience night terrors on a regular basis.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 154

Topic: Sleep Problems

Identify a true statement about sleepwalking.
It occurs usually because of the use of sleeping pills.
It involves a sudden, overpowering urge to sleep.
C. It is more likely to occur when individuals are sleep deprived.
It is a symptom of sleep apnea.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 154

Topic: Sleep Problems

Erika often walks in her sleep past midnight. In formal terms, she is said to be exhibiting
A.
somniloquy.
insomnia.
narcolepsy.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 154

Topic: Sleep Problems

Theresa dreams that she is being chased by a lion, and this dream wakes her up. Which of the following statements is most likely true about this scenario?
Theresa had a night terror.
Theresa suffers from narcolepsy.
Theresa suffers from sleep apnea.
D. Theresa had a nightmare.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 154

Topic: Nightmares and Night Terrors

Which of the following statements is true of nightmares?
A. Nightmares’ content invariably involves danger.
Nightmares are very rare.
Nightmares involve a sudden, overpowering urge to sleep.
Nightmares peak at 30 to 40 years of age and then decline.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 154

Topic: Nightmares and Night Terrors

Night terrors differ from nightmares in that night terrors
A. occur during slow-wave stage N3 sleep.
are frightening dreams that awaken a dreamer.
peak at 3 to 4 years of age.
take place during REM sleep.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 155

Topic: Nightmares and Night Terrors

Identify a true statement about night terrors.
They are typically more common than nightmares.
B. They peak at 5 to 7 years of age.
They occur during REM sleep.
They are frightening dreams that awaken a dreamer.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 155

Topic: Nightmares and Night Terrors

Which of the following statements is true of narcolepsy?
It involves the cessation of breathing because the windpipe fails to open.
It is the formal term for sleepwalking.
C. It appears to involve problems with neurons in the hypothalamus.
It takes place during stages N2 and N3 of sleep.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 155

Topic: Sleep Problems

During lunch at the school cafeteria, Brianna falls asleep while sipping her glass of soda. She is suffering from
somnambulism.
insomnia.
sleep apnea.
D.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 155

Topic: Sleep Problems

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that involves
the temporary cessation of breathing during sleep.
sleepwalking.
C. a sudden, overpowering urge to sleep.
sleep talking.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 155

Topic: Sleep Problems

Nolan and Bella are standing in the middle of the kitchen discussing their vacation plans. Nolan suddenly crashes to the floor, entering REM sleep. Nolan’s behavior indicates that he suffers from
sleep apnea.
insomnia.
C.
night terrors.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 155

Topic: Sleep Problems

Mr. Reed suddenly enters REM sleep during a heated argument with his daughter. Mr. Reed most likely suffers from
A.
insomnia.
sleep apnea.
REM rebound.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 155

Topic: Sleep Problems

Falling asleep all of a sudden while talking to a friend is most likely an example of
somniloquy.
narcolepsy.
C.
somnambulism.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 155

Topic: Sleep Problems

Miguel returns home after work on his birthday. As soon as he steps into his house, his children surprise him and gift him a watch. As a result of the excitement, he suddenly falls to the floor and enters rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Which of the following disorders is best illustrated in this scenario?
A. narcolepsy
insomnia
sleep apnea
somnambulism

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 155

Topic: Sleep Problems

Sarah’s grandfather snores loudly while taking a nap. When he suddenly stops snoring, Sarah looks at him to see if he is fine. Sarah notices that he is not breathing. For a moment, Sarah wonders if he is dead, but suddenly he coughs and resumes snoring. Sarah’s grandfather most likely suffers from
insomnia.
somnambulism.
narcolepsy.
D. sleep apnea.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 155

Topic: Sleep Problems

Who among the following most likely suffers from sleep apnea?
A. Dana, who snores loudly, punctuated by silence
Stephen, who suddenly falls asleep while talking
Fatima, who sleepwalks
Logan, who is a hypersomniac

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 155

Topic: Sleep Problems

Courtney insists her husband to see a doctor. She suspects that he has a sinus problem. He snores loudly as well as keeps quiet several times while sleeping. His behavior keeps her from getting a good night’s sleep. He is always tired regardless of the number of hours he sleeps. Courtney is surprised when the doctor suggests that her husband has
A. sleep apnea.
narcolepsy.
night terrors.
sleep deprivation syndrome.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 155

Topic: Sleep Problems

Kevin suffers from sleep apnea. Which of the following is most likely true about Kevin?
He frequently has night terrors and/or nightmares.
He immediately enters REM sleep rather than progressing through the first four sleep stages.
He often experiences a sudden, overpowering urge to sleep.
D. He experiences several brief awakenings during the night, but he is not aware of waking up.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 155

Topic: Sleep Problems

According to Sigmund Freud, a dream’s latent content
is the surface content of the dream.
B. is the dream’s hidden content, its unconscious, and true, meaning.
contains dream symbols that disguise the dream’s true meaning.
expresses the dreamer’s wish in disguised form.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe the nature and functions of dreams.

Page: 156

Topic: Dreams

According to Sigmund Freud, the surface content of a dream, containing dream symbols that disguise the dream’s true meaning, is known as
vestibular sense.
B. manifest content.
latent content.
executive function.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe the nature and functions of dreams.

Page: 156

Topic: Dreams

Gary wakes up and tells his wife, “You won’t believe what I dreamed. I was being chased by men in suits; they were riding horses. They had long narrow briefcases, and they were trying to run me down!” Gary explains his dream to Gina, a psychodynamic therapist. She tells him that his dream is about not being able to pay his bills. Which element in this scenario represents the manifest content of Gary’s dream?
A. Gary running for his life
Gary’s concern over monthly bills
Gina’s interpretation of the dream
Gina’s plan to help Gary

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Describe the nature and functions of dreams.

Page: 156

Topic: Dreams

Gary wakes up and tells his wife, “You won’t believe what I dreamed. I was being chased by men in suits; they were riding horses. They had long narrow briefcases, and they were trying to run me down!” Gary explains his dream to Gina, a psychodynamic therapist. She tells him that his dream is about not being able to pay his bills. Which element in this scenario represents the latent content of Gary’s dream?
the briefcases the men were carrying
B. Gary’s concern over monthly bills
the horses
Gina’s plan to help Gary

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Describe the nature and functions of dreams.

Page: 156

Topic: Dreams

Homer goes to his psychotherapist and describes his recent dreams where he flies like an eagle through the sky. His therapist listens and then offers the interpretation that this dream signifies Homer’s unconscious desires to be free of his family obligations. Homer’s therapist is displaying an interest in
the manifest content of Homer’s dream.
B. the latent content of Homer’s dream.
Homer’s neurological dream activity.
Homer’s conscious thoughts and desires.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Describe the nature and functions of dreams.

Page: 156

Topic: Dreams

The cognitive theory of dreaming proposes that dreaming
results from the brain’s attempts to find logic in random brain activity.
occurs when the cerebral cortex synthesizes neural signals from activity in the lower part of the brain.
C. involves information processing and memory.
requires that conscious experience during sleep be predominantly driven by internally generated stimuli.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the theories of dreaming.

Page: 156

Topic: Dreams

Which of the following statements is true of the cognitive theory of dreaming?
It is based on the idea that dreams are essentially conscious noncognitive processing.
It proposes that dreams result from the brain’s attempts to find logic in random brain activity that occurs during sleep.
C. It maintains that dreams are dramatizations of general life concerns that are similar to relaxed daydreams.
It proposes that dreams are entirely different from a person’s everyday waking thoughts.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the theories of dreaming.

Page: 156

Topic: Dreams

Identify a true statement about the cognitive theory of dreaming.
A. It rests on the idea that dreams are essentially subconscious cognitive processing.
It refers to dreams as cognitive trash.
It is based on the search for the hidden, symbolic content of dreams that Sigmund Freud sought.
It states that dreaming occurs when the cerebral cortex synthesizes neural signals generated from activity in the lower part of the brain.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the theories of dreaming.

Page: 156

Topic: Dreams

According to the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming, dreams
A. result from the brain’s attempts to find logic in random brain activity that occurs during sleep.
should be viewed as a kind of mental simulation that is very similar in content to everyday waking thoughts.
primarily occur to process information and solve problems.
are essentially subconscious cognitive processing.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the theories of dreaming.

Page: 157

Topic: Dreams

Which of the following statements is true of psychoactive drugs?
A. They act on the nervous system to modify perceptions and change moods.
They are specifically used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.
They are medicines sold directly to a consumer without a prescription from a healthcare professional.
They are drugs used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the effects of drug use on health.

Page: 158

Topic: Drug Use

Psychoactive drugs act on the nervous system to
A. alter consciousness.
stimulate pepsin production by the adrenal glands.
eliminate the possibility of habituation through classical conditioning.
improve blood flow.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the effects of drug use on health.

Page: 158

Topic: Drug Use

The need to take increasing amounts of a drug in order to get the same effect is referred to as
assimilation.
transitive inference.
C. tolerance
free association.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize the effects of drug use on health.

Page: 158

Topic: Drug Use

Hal has trouble sleeping at night. As a result, his doctor prescribes him some sleeping pills. However, after a couple of months, the pills do not have the same effect on him. His doctor then asks him to increase the dosage of the sleeping pills he takes. This scenario exemplifies the concept of
transitive inference.
B.
assimilation.
lowered inhibitions.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the effects of drug use on health.

Page: 158

Topic: Drug Use

Blake smokes marijuana. When he first started smoking marijuana, he used to get high off one joint, but now he needs to smoke more and more to get the same high. This is an example of
withdrawal.
B.
dopamine dependence.
serotonin dependence.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the effects of drug use on health.

Page: 158

Topic: Drug Use

Santiago, a student, is introduced to smoking cigarettes by his friends. After smoking a cigarette for the first time, he experiences an immense high of nicotine. However, after two months of smoking, he is able to experience the same high only after smoking six cigarettes. Which of the following best explains Santiago’s need to smoke an increased number of cigarettes to get the same effect?
A. tolerance
withdrawal
revocation
dopamine dependence

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the effects of drug use on health.

Page: 158

Topic: Drug Use

Brendon has been using Xanax for a period of over six months. Diana, his friend, asks him to stop using the drug as it adversely affects the body. Brendon listens to Diana and discontinues using the drug. However, upon withdrawal, he experiences immense physical pain that is accompanied by increased craving for the drug. This experience is most likely due to
A. physical dependence.
decreased tolerance.
transitive inference.
mental instability.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the effects of drug use on health.

Page: 158

Topic: Drug Use

Ivan is an alcoholic. If he does not consume alcohol, he feels restless and anxious. Once he consumes alcohol, he calms down. This scenario most likely exemplifies the concept of
A. psychological dependence.
controlled processing.
drug tolerance.
executive functioning.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the effects of drug use on health.

Page: 158

Topic: Drug Use

Ian repeatedly uses heroin to reduce stress and enhance the feeling of well-being. Ian’s behavior exemplifies
A. psychological dependence.
narcolepsy.
insomnia.
increased tolerance.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the effects of drug use on health.

Page: 158

Topic: Drug Use

Psychoactive drugs increase ________ levels in the brain’s reward pathways.
pepsin
B. dopamine
cortisol
melatonin

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize the effects of drug use on health.

Page: 159

Topic: Drug Use

Which of the following best defines drug addiction?
It is the state where an individual becomes secretive about taking a drug.
It is an altered state of consciousness in which an individual is unusually receptive to suggestions.
C. It is the physical or psychological dependence, or both, on a drug.
It refers to the state where a person can live comfortably without a drug for prolonged periods.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the effects of drug use on health.

Page: 158

Topic: Addiction

Which of the following slows down inhibition and judgment?
A. depressants
stimulants
hallucinogens
amphetamines

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 159

Topic: Depressants

Which of the following statements is true of alcohol?
Alcohol is a type of stimulant.
Alcohol decreases the concentration of the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is widely distributed in many brain areas.
C. Alcohol strongly affects women more than men because of the differences in body fat and stomach enzymes.
Alcohol is a powerful drug that acts on the body primarily as a stimulant and speeds up the brain’s activities.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 159

Topic: Alcohol

College students who consume large amounts of alcohol on weekends are abusing which type of drugs?
A. depressants
stimulants
hallucinogens
amphetamines

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 159

Topic: Depressants

Jake, an anxious person, consumes alcohol at a party. He feels calm after having a few drinks. Which of the following is most likely the reason for Jake’s experience?
Alcohol reduces dopamine in reward areas that are associated with the experience of anxiety.
B. Alcohol increases the concentration of the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Alcohol speeds up the brain areas involved in judgment.
Alcohol produces a strong hallucinogenic effect.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 159-160

Topic: Alcohol

Which of the following statements is true of alcoholism?
People with lack of substitutes for alcohol are more likely to recover from alcoholism than others.
B. Some alcoholics recover from alcoholism without any treatment.
Close biological relatives of alcoholics are unlikely to be alcoholics.
Alcoholism is independent of the nurturing of the affected individual.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 161

Topic: Alcohol

Which of the following statements is true of barbiturates?
They eliminate the need to consume alcohol.
B. They decrease central nervous system activity.
They are stimulant drugs.
They are safer than tranquilizers.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 161

Topic: Barbiturates

Which of the following statements is true of tranquilizers?
They have been replaced by barbiturates as they are safer.
They increase central nervous system activity.
C. They are used to calm anxious individuals.
They cause confusion and hypnosis even in small doses.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 162

Topic: Depressants

Rebecca’s mother suffers from frequent panic attacks. The doctor has prescribed Xanax (a depressant drug that reduces anxiety and induces relaxation). Xanax is classified as a(n)
stimulant.
B.
opioid.
hallucinogen.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 162

Topic: Depressants

________, or narcotics, depress activity in the central nervous system and eliminate pain.
A. Opioids
Amphetamines
Uppers
Hallucinogens

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 162

Topic: Narcotics

Stimulants are psychoactive drugs that
slow down inhibition and judgment.
modify a person’s perceptual experiences and produce visual images that are not real.
slow down mental and physical activity.
D. increase the central nervous system’s activity.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 162

Topic: Stimulants

Identify a true statement about opioids, or narcotics.
They increase the central nervous system’s activity.
The risk of death from overdose of opioids is very low.
C. They affect synapses in the brain that use endorphins as their neurotransmitter.
An individual has to be addicted to opioids to die of an opioid overdose.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 162

Topic: Narcotics

Ricardo broke his wrist while rollerblading in a park. Since the accident, he has been taking morphine, a powerful pain killer. What type of drug is Ricardo taking?
barbiturate
B. opioid
hallucinogen
stimulant

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 162

Topic: Narcotics

Heather reported a boost in energy and a sense of well-being after taking a drug. Medical tests revealed increased activity of her central nervous system. The drug she took is most likely a
depressant.
tranquilizer.
hallucinogen.
D.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 162-163

Topic: Stimulants

Which of the following statements is true of caffeine?
It causes the release of melatonin by the adrenal glands.
It causes afferent nerves to transmit information from the brain.
C. It affects the brain’s pleasure centers.
It is a main psychoactive ingredient of smokeless tobacco.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 163

Topic: Stimulants

Meredith always has a cup of coffee as soon as she wakes up. She usually has around five cups of coffee every day. If she does not have a cup of coffee every afternoon, she gets a headache. Meredith’s headache is likely due to
depressant addiction.
B. stimulant use/abuse.
the placebo effect.
lower levels of acetylcholine.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 163

Topic: Stimulants

Bethany is experiencing headaches, lethargy, and difficulty concentrating at work. Which of the following drugs is she most likely to have stopped using?
alcohol
B. caffeine
marijuana
ambien

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 163

Topic: Stimulants

Gloria cannot get through the day without having several cups of coffee and energy drinks. She says that she needs caffeine to function normally. What type of drug is Gloria dependent on?
A. stimulant
depressant
hallucinogen
narcotic

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 163

Topic: Stimulants

Kate, a longtime coffee drinker, complains of pounding headaches and lowered mood when she skips her coffee in the morning. What is the likely cause of these complaints?
A. removal of a psychoactive drug from her diet
a change in her GABA levels
psychological addiction
a placebo effect

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 163

Topic: Stimulants

Your mother must always have an early morning cup of coffee. She usually has several more cups throughout the day. If she misses her daily doses of coffee, she gets a headache. The fact that your mother experiences headaches when she discontinues the use of caffeine is an example of
A. physical dependence.
psychological dependence.
a circadian rhythm anomaly.
hypnagogic reverie.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 163

Topic: Stimulants

Identify a true statement about crystal meth.
A. It causes a powerful feeling of euphoria, particularly the first time it is ingested.
It inhibits dopamine release in the brain.
It is classified as a depressant drug.
It is usually prescribed by physicians as sleep aids because it puts people to sleep.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 164

Topic: Amphetamines

Which of the following statements is true of amphetamines?
A. They are often prescribed in the form of diet pills.
They reduce their user’s activity level.
They are often used by people to fall asleep quickly.
They inhibit the release of dopamine.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 164

Topic: Amphetamines

Brett takes a drug that increases his feeling of euphoria. The drug also enhances his level of activity and pleasurable feelings. Which of the following drugs did he most likely take?
A. amphetamines
barbiturates
heroin
valium

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 164

Topic: Amphetamines

Which of the following statements is true of MDMA (Ecstasy)?
A. It has both stimulant and hallucinogenic properties.
It is associated with reduced sexual risk taking.
It produces its effects by inhibiting serotonin release.
It is categorized as an opioid, or a narcotic.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 165

Topic: MDMA and LSD

Jacob’s friend Sarah loves the warmth she feels for everybody when she takes Ecstasy. Jacob warns her that repeated use of this drug could have lasting negative effects on the neurotransmitter
A.
endorphin.
adenosine.
GABA.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 165

Topic: MDMA and LSD

Which of the following statements is true of marijuana?
Marijuana’s active ingredient blocks the part of the brain that produces adrenaline.
Marijuana is a synthetic drug with both stimulant and hallucinogenic properties.
Marijuana disrupts the membranes of neurons but does not affect the functioning of hormones.
D. Marijuana can trigger increased sensitivity to sounds, tastes, smells, and colors.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 166

Topic: Hallucinogens

Luke, who frequently takes drugs, keeps complaining that the drapes covering his room’s windows are growing tentacles that are threatening to strangle him. Luke is most likely taking
alcohol.
Ecstasy.
crack.
D. LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide).

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 166

Topic: Hallucinogens

Identify a true statement about LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide).
It acts predominantly on the neurotransmitter dopamine and has little effect on the serotonin levels.
B. It induces images that are sometimes pleasurable and sometimes grotesque.
It is the most powerful type of depressant.
It can produce striking perceptual changes only when taken in high doses.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 166

Topic: MDMA and LSD

Which of the following is an overdose effect of MDMA (Ecstasy)?
breathing difficulty
convulsion
extreme irritability
D. brain damage

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 168

Topic: Stimulants

In terms of states of consciousness, hypnosis involves
a high degree of controlled processing.
a strong defense against suggestibility.
C. a psychological state of altered attention and expectation.
unconsciousness similar to the state of deep sleep.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain hypnosis and its effects.

Page: 169

Topic: Hypnosis

In a television reality show, Trevor, the host, puts Claire, one of the contestants, in a trance and asks her to pretend to be a famous singer. The contestant starts singing with confidence even though she has never sung publicly before. The contestant is in a state of
somniloquy.
somnambulism.
C.
meditation.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain hypnosis and its effects.

Page: 169

Topic: Hypnosis

Laura is in a hypnotic trance. Which of the following statements is most likely true of Laura in this state?
Laura experiences myoclonic jerks.
B. Laura is unusually receptive to suggestions.
Laura experiences intense fear.
Laura has a sudden, overpowering urge to sleep.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain hypnosis and its effects.

Page: 169

Topic: Hypnosis

Which of the following statements is true of hypnosis?
Individuals in a hypnotic state are hostile to external suggestions.
Widespread areas of the cerebral cortex are disabled when individuals are in a hypnotic state.
C. A hypnotic state is similar to being relaxed and awake.
Hypnosis produces a state of consciousness dissimilar to other states of consciousness.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain hypnosis and its effects.

Page: 169

Topic: Hypnosis

Mitchell wants to quit smoking, so Mia, his therapist, decides to try hypnosis as a form of treatment. What is the first step that Mia will most likely take when attempting to hypnotize Mitchell?
She will tell Mitchell what to expect in the hypnotic state.
B. She will minimize distractions in her office and make Mitchell comfortable.
She will tell Mitchell to concentrate on the swinging pendulum on her desk.
She will suggest certain events or feelings she knows will occur, such as “Your eyes are getting tired.”

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain hypnosis and its effects.

Page: 169

Topic: Hypnosis

Janet is suffering from severe depression. She visits Dr. Garner, a psychotherapist, and tells him that she wants to relieve her anxiety. Dr. Garner asks her to concentrate on the ticking of her watch. He then tells her, “Your eyes are getting tired.” On hearing this, Samantha seems to feel drowsy and closes her eyes. In the session, Dr. Garner also says, “You are happy. Your life is full of positivity,” with which Samantha agrees. In this scenario, Dr. Garner is
A. hypnotizing Janet.
helping Janet meditate.
recording Janet’s dreams.
conducting a laboratory research.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain hypnosis and its effects.

Page: 169

Topic: Hypnosis

People who are easily hypnotized usually
can fall asleep easily.
can focus and concentrate without great effort.
C. can become deeply immersed in an imaginative activity.
have difficulty concentrating while reading or listening to music.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain hypnosis and its effects.

Page: 170

Topic: Hypnosis

Who among the following is the most eligible candidate for hypnosis?
A. Amanda, who gets totally immersed in the music she listens to
Jenna, who has difficulty concentrating while studying for her history test
Erica, who loves eating French food in her favorite restaurant
Bianca, who gets very upset when someone disturbs her while she studies

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain hypnosis and its effects.

Page: 170

Topic: Hypnosis

The divided consciousness view of hypnosis assumes that
hypnosis can block sensory input.
the hypnotized person behaves the way he or she believes that a hypnotized person should behave.
hypnosis involves the retention of a single state of consciousness.
D. consciousness has a hidden part that stays in contact with reality and feels pain while another part feels no pain.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain hypnosis and its effects.

Page: 170

Topic: Hypnosis

Critics of Ernest Hilgard’s divided consciousness view of hypnosis suggest that
hypnosis is an abnormal state in which the hypnotized person behaves contrary to how a normal person would behave.
the person undergoing hypnosis should not be given permission to admit to the pain that he or she was always feeling.
the component of consciousness that follows the hypnotist’s commands is not aware of what is going on in the entire hypnosis session.
D. the hidden observer simply demonstrates that the hypnotized person is not in an altered state of consciousness at all.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Explain hypnosis and its effects.

Page: 170

Topic: Hypnosis

Richard Davidson and colleagues studied the brain and immune system changes that might underlie the health and wellness effects of meditation. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that
lovingkindness meditation is more effective in reducing pain than mindfulness meditation.
meditation strengthens a person’s negative emotions.
C. meditation helps reduce anxiety in individuals.
lovingkindness meditation is less effective in fostering the feeling of warmth than mindfulness meditation.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe meditation.

Page: 172

Topic: Meditation

Josh has been experiencing excruciating pain ever since his bike accident. Though he had been treated successfully, he often complains of agonizing pain in his right shoulder. Karen, his girlfriend, tells him that he can harness the power of his mind to overcome the pain by concentrating his thoughts on the pain—not by trying to avoid it. Karen is referring to
somnambulism.
the use of opiates.
hypnosis.
D.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Describe meditation.

Page: 171-172

Topic: Meditation

Hypnagogic reverie refers to
A. an overwhelming feeling of wellness right before one falls asleep.
the attempt to bring awareness to one’s inner life and attend to one’s thoughts.
the ability to observe one’s thoughts as they happen without getting preoccupied with them.
a strong desire to repeat the use of a drug for emotional reasons.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe meditation.

Page: 172

Topic: Meditation

As Carlton is just about to fall asleep, he experiences an overwhelming feeling of wellness and a sense that everything is going to work out. This state of mind is referred to as
A. high consciousness.
hypnagogic reverie.
self-actualization.
activation-synthesis.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe meditation.

Page: 172

Topic: Meditation

On a peaceful evening, Samantha sits upright on a chair in her lawn with her eyes closed. Then, she starts breathing repeatedly and recites “happy” several times. In this scenario, Samantha is practicing
narcolepsy.
somnambulism.
C.
hypnosis.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Describe meditation.

Page: 173

Topic: Health

Which of the following statements is true of meditation?
Meditation is an altered state of consciousness or a psychological state of altered attention and expectation in which the individual is unusually receptive to suggestions.
B. As a physiological state, meditation shows qualities of sleep and wakefulness, yet it is distinct from both.
The meditator is ignorant of his or her thoughts and feelings and is, therefore, not consumed by them.
A meditative state is exactly similar to the hypnotic state.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe meditation.

Page: 172

Topic: Health

Explain the concept of executive function in the context of cognitive control.

Executive function is a key aspect of controlled processing. It refers to higher-order, complex cognitive processes, including thinking, planning, and problem solving. These cognitive processes are linked to the functioning of the brain’s prefrontal cortex. Executive function is the person’s capacity to harness consciousness, to focus on specific thoughts while ignoring others. This aspect of executive function is called cognitive control; it is the capacity to maintain attention by reducing interfering thoughts and being cognitively flexible.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 143

Topic: Higher-Level Consciousness

Explain the five levels of awareness, and give an example for each level.

Higher-level consciousness involves the use of controlled processing (deliberate and effortful focus on a goal). When we are taking a math test, we are engaged in a high-level consciousness activity. Lower levels of awareness include automatic processes and daydreaming. Punching in a number on a cell phone is one such example. Automatic processes require little attention and do not interfere with other ongoing activities. Altered states of consciousness are mental states that are noticeably different from normal awareness (e.g., sleeping or dreaming). Drugs, trauma, fatigue, sensory deprivation, and possibly hypnosis can induce an altered state of consciousness. Subconscious awareness can occur when people are awake, as well as when they are sleeping and dreaming. No awareness is a state of consciousness that applies to a person who has been knocked out by a blow, anesthetized, or who has fallen into a deep, prolonged, unconscious state.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 143-145

Topic: Higher-Level Consciousness

Describe the phenomenon of daydreaming.

Daydreaming lies between active consciousness and dreaming while asleep. It is a little like dreaming while a person is awake. Daydreams usually begin spontaneously when a person is doing something that requires less than his or her full attention. Mind wandering is probably the most obvious type of daydreaming. Daydreaming keeps a person’s mind active, helping him or her to cope, create, and fantasize.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 144

Topic: Lower-Level Consciousness

Explain the concept of incubation.

Incubation refers to subconscious processing that leads to a solution to a problem after a break from conscious thought about the problem. It suggests that even as a person stops actively thinking about a problem, on some level his or her brain keeps working on finding a solution.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 144

Topic: Incubation

Explain the ways in which circadian rhythms affect a person’s physiological and psychological functioning.

Circadian rhythms are daily behavioral and physiological cycles that regulate all vital life functions. Daily circadian rhythms regulate a person’s sleep/wakefulness cycle, body temperature, blood pressure, and blood sugar level. When circadian rhythms are disrupted, all of the major physiological functions listed above become desynchronized. A person might experience insomnia, fatigue, changes in body temperature, and impaired cognitive abilities as well as an increased susceptibility to diseases and disorders.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.

Page: 146-147

Topic: Circadian Rhythms

Discuss the effects of chronic sleep deprivation.

Lack of sleep is stressful, affecting the brain and the rest of the body. Sleep deprivation lowers the complexity of processing in the brain because it decreases brain activity in the thalamus and the prefrontal cortex. As a result, people who get insufficient sleep have trouble paying attention to tasks and solving problems. The profound effect of sleep deprivation is vividly clear in a very rare disorder known as fatal familial insomnia (FFI). Cheating on sleep results in a “sleep debt.” Even a small sleep debt can take a toll on well-being.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.

Page: 148-149

Topic: Sleep

What are the important neurotransmitters involved in sleep and their functions?

Three important neurotransmitters involved in sleep are serotonin, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine. Levels of neurotransmitters sent to the forebrain from the reticular formation start dropping as sleep begins, and they continue to fall until they reach their lowest levels during the deepest sleep stage—stage N3. An increase in acetylcholine levels initiates REM sleep, and a rise in serotonin and norepinephrine marks the end of REM sleep.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.

Page: 151

Topic: Neurotransmitters

Melinda has two children. Her eight-year-old daughter, Emma, awakens during a bad dream. After a minute, she gets up and goes to Melinda’s room and asks, “Mommy, are you up?” Melinda wakes up and asks her why she is up during the night. Emma says, “Mommy, I dreamt that a monster was chasing me.” Seeing that Emma is a little perturbed, Melinda talks to her for a few minutes, gets her some warm milk, and tucks her back into bed. An hour later, Emma’s younger sister Katie, who is six years old, awakens screaming. Melinda runs to her room and checks on her. She does not seem to be in pain, feverish, or sick, but she has rapid heart rate and breathing. She asks Katie what the matter is. Katie cries and says, “Mama, I’m scared!” Melinda asks her why. Katie frowns and says, “I don’t know!” Melinda asks, “Did you have a bad dream?” Katie answers, “I don’t remember, Mama. Did I?” What are the terms used to describe Emma’s and Katie’s experiences? Compare and contrast these experiences.

Emma had a nightmare. Nightmares are frightening dreams that awakens a dreamer from REM sleep. The nightmare’s content invariably involves danger—the dreamer is being chased, robbed, or thrown off a cliff. Katie had a night terror. Night terrors are accompanied by a number of physiological reactions, such as rapid heart rate and breathing, loud screams, heavy perspiration, and movement. Night terrors, which peak at 5 to 7 years of age, are less common than nightmares, and unlike nightmares, they occur during slow-wave stage N3 (non-REM) sleep.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: High

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 154-155

Topic: Nightmares and Night Terrors

Explain narcolepsy and its effects.

Narcolepsy, a sleep disorder, involves a sudden, overpowering urge to sleep. This urge is so uncontrollable that the person may fall asleep while talking or standing up. Narcoleptics immediately enter REM sleep rather than progressing through the first four sleep stages. Individuals with narcolepsy are often very tired during the day. Narcolepsy can be triggered by extreme emotional reactions, such as surprise, laughter, excitement, or anger. The disorder appears to involve problems with neurons in the hypothalamus and may have an autoimmune component.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 155

Topic: Sleep Problems

Describe sleep apnea and its symptoms.

Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder in which individuals stop breathing because the windpipe fails to open or because brain processes involved in respiration fail to work properly. People with sleep apnea experience numerous brief awakenings during the night so that they can breathe better, although they usually are not aware of waking up. During the day, these people may feel sleepy because they were deprived of sleep at night. A common sign of sleep apnea is loud snoring, punctuated by silence (the apnea).

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 155

Topic: Sleep Problems

Compare and contrast the features of REM and non-REM sleep. Do we dream during each type of sleep? If so, are there distinctions between REM and non-REM dreams?

Specialists refer to sleep stages 1–4 as non-REM sleep. REM is an active stage of sleep that occurs in stage 5. The EEG (electroencephalograph) pattern for REM sleep shows fast waves similar to those of relaxed wakefulness. During REM sleep, the sleeper’s eyeballs move up and down and from left to right. Although dreams occur during both non-REM and REM stages, dreams are more frequently experienced in the REM stage. REM dreams are typically longer, more vivid, more physically active, more emotionally charged, and less related to waking life than non-REM dreams.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 149-150

Topic: Sleep Problems

How does psychological dependence differ from physical dependence in the context of drug use?

Psychological dependence is the strong desire to repeat the use of a drug for emotional reasons, such as a feeling of well-being and reduction of stress. Physical dependence is the physiological need for a drug that causes unpleasant withdrawal symptoms such as physical pain and a craving for the drug when it is discontinued. Addiction is a term that is used to describe either a physical or a psychological dependence, or both, on a drug.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the effects of drug use on health.

Page: 158

Topic: Drug Use

How does alcohol influence the brain?

Alcohol goes to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Alcohol increases the concentration of the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is widely distributed in many brain areas, including the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens. The increase in GABA has a calming effect. In addition, increases in dopamine in reward areas are associated with the experience of pleasure and a decrease in anxiety. Alcohol consumption also may affect the areas of the frontal cortex involved in judgment and impulse control.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the effects of drug use on health.

Page: 159-160

Topic: Alcohol

Describe the effects of stimulants.

Stimulants are psychoactive drugs that increase the central nervous system’s activity. They generally produce a sense of increased energy and alertness, reduce anger and anxiety, lead to pain relief, and help lose weight.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 162-165

Topic: Stimulants

Discuss the nature and uses of hypnosis.

Patterns of brain activity during the hypnotic state suggest that hypnosis produces a state of consciousness similar to other states of consciousness. For example, individuals in a typical hypnotic state display a predominance of alpha and beta waves, characteristic of people in a relaxed waking state, when monitored by an electroencephalograph (EEG). If a person has the capacity to immerse himself or herself deeply in an imaginative activity, he or she might be a likely candidate for hypnosis. In the United States, practitioners of hypnosis use the technique to treat alcoholism, somnambulism, insomnia, depression, suicidal tendencies, post-traumatic stress disorder, overeating, diabetes, smoking, and various types of pain. A long history of research and practice has clearly demonstrated that hypnosis can reduce the experience of pain.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain hypnosis and its effects.

Page: 169-171

Topic: Hypnosis

The two aspects of consciousness, awareness and arousal, are associated with the same part of the brain.

FALSE

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 141

Topic: Consciousness

Multiple areas in the brain work together to create the feeling of awareness.

TRUE

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness.

Page: 141

Topic: Consciousness

Daily circadian rhythms involve the sleep/wake cycle, body temperature, blood pressure, and blood-sugar level.

TRUE

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep.

Page: 146

Topic: Circadian Rhythms

When we are relaxed but still awake, our brain waves speed up, decrease in amplitude, and become more desynchronous, or irregular.

FALSE

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.

Page: 149

Topic: Sleep

In stage N2 sleep, people begin dreaming.

FALSE

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.

Page: 149-150

Topic: Stages of Sleep

The human brain is the most alert it can be during delta sleep.

FALSE

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.

Page: 149-150

Topic: REM Sleep

Sleepwalking and sleep talking occur during delta sleep.

TRUE

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep.

Page: 149-150

Topic: Dreams

At a camping sleepover, Sasha discovers her friend Chuck sleepwalking. Chuck is likely in the deepest stage of non-REM sleep.

TRUE

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 149-150

Topic: Sleep Problems

Sleepwalking is less likely to occur when individuals are sleep-deprived.

FALSE

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 154

Topic: Sleep Problems

Narcoleptics immediately enter REM sleep rather than progressing through the first four sleep stages.

TRUE

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 155

Topic: Sleep Problems

Individuals with narcolepsy are very active and energetic throughout the day.

FALSE

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders.

Page: 155

Topic: Sleep Problems

According to the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming, during sleep, conscious experience is driven predominantly by externally generated stimuli that have strong behavioral consequences.

FALSE

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize the theories of dreaming.

Page: 157

Topic: Dreams

People are considered drug addicts only if they show physical dependence.

FALSE

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the effects of drug use on health.

Page: 158

Topic: Addiction

Rose is addicted to cigarette smoking. Therefore, Rose is addicted to a stimulant.

TRUE

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 163

Topic: Addiction

Valium is an illegal synthetic drug with both stimulant and hallucinogenic properties.

FALSE

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 165

Topic: MDMA and LSD

Melody tells Ben that a drug she took produced a dream-like alteration to her perceptual experiences. She must have taken a stimulant.

FALSE

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Apply

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 165-166

Topic: Stimulants

Cocaine is the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa, which originated in Central Asia.

FALSE

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs.

Page: 166

Topic: Stimulants

Hypnosis can be used to reduce pain in patients.

TRUE

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Explain hypnosis and its effects.

Page: 171

Topic: Hypnosis

A meditator is consumed by his or her thoughts and feelings but is not mindfully present to them.

FALSE

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Low

Learning Objective: Describe meditation.

Page: 171

Topic: Meditation

Hypnagogic reverie refers to the state of being completely hypnotized.

FALSE

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe meditation.

Page: 172

Topic: Health

Category # of Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 185

APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology 43

APA Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains 56

APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology 86

Bloom’s: Apply 86

Bloom’s: Remember 33

Bloom’s: Understand 66

Difficulty: High 63

Difficulty: Low 30

Difficulty: Medium 92

Learning Objective: Describe meditation. 8

Learning Objective: Describe the major sleep disorders. 32

Learning Objective: Describe the nature and functions of dreams. 5

Learning Objective: Explain how circadian rhythms impact sleep. 14

Learning Objective: Explain hypnosis and its effects. 12

Learning Objective: Explain the cycles of sleep. 18

Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of the primary types of psychoactive drugs. 33

Learning Objective: Summarize the effects of drug use on health. 14

Learning Objective: Summarize the nature of consciousness. 44

Learning Objective: Summarize the theories of dreaming. 5

Page: 140 4

Page: 141 6

Page: 143 10

Page: 143-145 1

Page: 144 18

Page: 144-145 2

Page: 145 4

Page: 146 4

Page: 146-147 1

Page: 147 9

Page: 148 3

Page: 148-149 1

Page: 149 4

Page: 149-150 5

Page: 150 3

Page: 150-151 1

Page: 151 1

Page: 153 1

Page: 154 12

Page: 154-155 1

Page: 155 17

Page: 156 8

Page: 157 2

Page: 158 12

Page: 159 4

Page: 159-160 2

Page: 161 2

Page: 162 6

Page: 162-163 1

Page: 162-165 1

Page: 163 7

Page: 164 3

Page: 165 3

Page: 165-166 1

Page: 166 4

Page: 168 1

Page: 169 6

Page: 169-171 1

Page: 170 4

Page: 171 2

Page: 171-172 1

Page: 172 5

Page: 173 1

Topic: Addiction 3

Topic: Alcohol 4

Topic: Amphetamines 3

Topic: Barbiturates 1

Topic: Circadian Rhythms 14

Topic: Consciousness 7

Topic: Daydreams 3

Topic: Depressants 4

Topic: Dreams 11

Topic: Drug Use 11

Topic: Hallucinogens 2

Topic: Health 3

Topic: Higher-Level Consciousness 11

Topic: Hypnosis 12

Topic: Incubation 3

Topic: Levels of Awareness 9

Topic: Lower-Level Consciousness 8

Topic: MDMA and LSD 5

Topic: Meditation 5

Topic: Narcotics 3

Topic: Neurotransmitters 2

Topic: Nightmares and Night Terrors 5

Topic: REM Sleep 5

Topic: Sleep 7

Topic: Sleep Problems 28

Topic: Stages of Sleep 3

Topic: Stimulants 12

Topic: Theory of Mind 3

The Science of Psychology An Appreciative View 5th Edition by Laura King - Test Bank

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The Science of Psychology An Appreciative View 5th Edition by Laura King - Test Bank

Description

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