The World of the Cell, 7th Edition by Wayne M. Becker -Lewis J. Kleinsmith - Jeff Hardin -Test Bank

The World of the Cell, 7th Edition by Wayne M. Becker -Lewis J. Kleinsmith – Jeff Hardin -Test Bank

Instant Download – Complete Test Bank With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

ExamName___________________________________MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)A spontaneous reaction1)A)has an overall positive free energy change.B)could occur, but might take a very long time.C)has to occur immediately.D)will never occur.E)is associated exclusively with homeothermic organisms.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)2)ƍUnder the conditions of a given reaction, a positivėGmeans2)A)the reaction is spontaneous.B)work can be done.C)the reaction will not occur.D)the reaction is at equilibrium.E)no energy needs to be added.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)3)Nerve impulses travel along the neurons by the opening of channels that allow sodium ions to flowinward followed by an outward flow of potassium ions. In order to ensure that the impulse may beproduced at any time, sodium is actively transported out of the cell, and potassium is transportedinto the cell by the sodium/potassium pump. Which of the following types of work is performed bythe sodium/potassium pump?3)A)syntheticB)bioluminescenceC)electricalD)mechanicalE)concentrationAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)1
4)Bioenergetics can be simply defined as4)A)applied thermodynamics.B)holding constant the variables in the universe.C)the units in which energy is expressed.D)the application of biological principles to physics.E)a subdivision of biology.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)5)ƍWheṅG=0 in a chemical reaction, under the conditions5)A)reactants and products are at equilibrium.B)the reaction is spontaneous to the left.C)work can be done; energy is required.D)no work can be done; no energy is required.E)both A and DAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)6)In a reversible chemical reaction at equilibrium, the concentration ofX(the reactant) is 0.75moles/liter, and the concentration ofY(the product) is 2.25 moles/liter. At 25°C, what would be theKeq?6)A)37.5B)1.69C)3.0D)1.50E)0.33Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)7)The voodoo lily (Sauromatum gattatum) is able to7)A)emit a foul odor to attract pollinators.B)trick the pollinators into thinking it is rotting meat.C)utilize metabolic heat.D)be pollinated by flies.E)all of the aboveAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)2
8)ƍIn a chemical reaction, the standard free energy change (PG°) is calculated to be 3.67 cal/mol. Whatcan be said of the chemical reaction?8)A)The reaction is not spontaneous under standard conditions.B)Products predominate over reactants at equilibrium under standard conditions.C)There can be no reaction.D)The reaction is at equilibrium under standard conditions.E)The reaction goes spontaneously to the right under standard conditions.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)9)Which of the following is not a basic need of the cell?9)A)100% efficiencyB)chemical catalystsC)informationD)molecular building blocksE)energyAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)10)Which of the following is a phototroph?10)A)an earthwormB)bacteria growing on decomposing matterC)a mushroomD)a personE)a treeAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)11)Which of the following is defined as “heat content?”11)A)solar radiationB)enthalpyC)energy outputD)entropyE)heat lossAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)3
12)The statement, “Energy is neither created or destroyed,” describes12)A)the first law of thermodynamics.B)enthalpy.C)the law of conservation of energy.D)the second law of thermodynamics.E)both A and CAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)13)Matter and energy flow through the biosphere. The flow of matter, however, differs from the flowof energy. Which of the following statements accurately describes these differences?13)A)Matter does not accompany energy as it enters the biosphere, but it does flow with energyfrom the biosphere.B)Matter flows in cycles, whereas energy flows in one direction.C)Energy flows as organic molecules are reduced to inorganic molecules, but matter does not.D)Energy flows from chemotrophs to phototrophs, whereas matter flows from phototrophs tochemotrophs.E)Matter and energy flow sometimes in cycles, sometimes unidirectionally.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)14)Muscle contraction is an example of which of the following types of work?14)A)bioluminescenceB)heatC)electricalD)mechanicalE)concentrationAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)4
15)Which of the following types of work involves a change in position of the cell or a cell structure?15)A)bioluminescentB)mechanicalC)concentrationD)syntheticE)electricalAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)16)ƍ ƍWhen thėG°of a chemical reaction is positive (Keq<1.0) under standard conditions,16)A)work can be done under these conditions.B)reactants and products are at equilibrium.C)the reaction is exothermic.D)reactants predominate over products.E)the reaction is spontaneous to the right.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)17)Oxidation17)A)is when oxygen is added and energy released.B)involves the removal of oxygen atoms.C)is endothermic.D)occurs when an atom accepts electrons.E)both B and CAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)5
18)A student drops his notes, and his papers scatter. The fact that the papers scatter and do not remainneatly stacked is an illustration of18)A)the first law of thermodynamics.B)an increase in entropy.C)the second law of thermodynamics.D)both A and BE)both B and CAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)19)A negative free energy change indicates that19)A)energy must be added to the reaction before it can proceed.B)the reaction is at equilibrium.C)the reaction is not possible.D)the reaction is exothermic.E)the reactant is predominant at equilibrium.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)20)ƍ
ƍIn a cell, the concentration of glucose-6-phosphate is 83μM and fructose-6-phosphate is 14μM.ThėG°=410 cal/mol for the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate. Basedupon this information, thėGfor this reaction (in cal/mol) is20)A)644.B)0.C)27.D)-644.E)-63.7.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)21)Which process involves an increase in entropy of the system?21)A)combustion of paperB)formation of raindropsC)freezing of iceD)synthesis of celluloseE)any spontaneous processAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)6
22)Energy is important to life forms because22)A)it is required to do work.B)all life forms require a continuous supply of it.C)it is required to make specific alterations in the cell.D)both A and BE)choices A, B, and CAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)23)Photosynthesis is an important process that23)A)uses water and carbon dioxide as reactants.B)is performed by organisms living near deep-ocean thermal vents.C)only plants can perform.D)produces oxidized products.E)is performed by heterotrophs.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)24)Fireflies have the ability to convert the energy in ATP to light. Which of the following types of workis performed by the firefly?24)A)mechanicalB)electricalC)heatD)concentrationE)bioluminescenceAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)25)The statement, “The total amount of energy in the universe is constant,” is a tenet of25)A)entropy.B)enthalpy.C)thermodynamic spontaneity.D)the first law of thermodynamics.E)the second law of thermodynamics.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)7
26)Which of the following statements is NOT true of the valuėH?26)A)̇H=̇E+̇(PV)B)̇His change in heat content.C)̇His change in enthalpy.D)A reaction with a positivėHvalue is exothermic.E)In biology,̇His basically the same aṡE.Answer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)27)In a biochemical reaction, reactants may be converted into products. The extent to which this occursspontaneously is expressed as which of the following?27)A)̇SB)temperatureC)ṪSD)KeqE)̇GAnswer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)28)Which is NOT true of phototrophs?28)A)They store energy as glucose.B)They can be bacteria.C)They capture light energy.D)They provide energy for chemotrophs.E)They never function as autotrophs.Answer:EExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)29)In a reversible reaction at equilibrium, the concentration ofR(the reactant) is 3.0 moles/liter and theconcentration ofP(the product) is 0.9 moles/liter. At 25°C, what would be theKeq?29)A)0.3B)37.5C)1.0D)3.0E)1.5Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)8
30)Animals that regulate their body temperature independent of the environment are called30)A)abiotherms.B)homeotherms.C)biotherms.D)heterotherms.E)poikilotherms.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)31)Aerobicrefers to what property of chemotrophs?31)A)Chemotrophs use, but doNOTrequire oxygen.B)Heat losses occur in the presence of oxygen.C)Chemotrophs require oxygen to produce energy.D)Fermentation releases great amounts of gas, but only in chemotrophs.E)Chemotrophs remove carbon dioxide from the air.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)32)The steady state so vital to life is possible because32)A)the cell continually takes up energy from the environment.B)all reactions are exothermic.C)all cells are autotrophic.D)the cell cannot convert energy from one form to another.E)all reactions are at equilibrium.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)E)SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.33)________ is the transfer of energy from one place or form to another place or form.33)Answer:WorkExplanation:34)The standard state of dilute aqueous solutions is at a temperature of ________°C (298 K),________ atmosphere(s) of pressure, and products and reactants present in concentration of________ mol/L.34)Answer:25; 1; 1Explanation:9
35)________ reactions require an input of energy when electrons are gained, such asCO2їCH4.35)Answer:ReductionExplanation:36)________ reactions release energy when electrons are removed from a substance.36)Answer:OxidationExplanation:37)The total energy stored within a system is called the ________.37)Answer:internal energyExplanation:38)A ________ is an organism that requires the intake of chemical compounds such ascarbohydrates, fats, and proteins.38)Answer:chemotrophExplanation:39)A ________ is the amount of energy required to warm 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.39)Answer:calorieExplanation:40)In every physical or chemical change, energy cannot be created nor destroyed. This is the________ law of thermodynamics.40)Answer:firstExplanation:41)Fermentation is a process that proceeds without oxygen. Such a process can be described as________.41)Answer:anaerobicExplanation:42)Any process that results in an increase in the free energy of the system is called ________.42)Answer:endergonicExplanation:43)In every physical or chemical change, the universe tends toward greater disorder. This isthe ________ law of thermodynamics or the law of thermodynamic ________.43)Answer:second; spontaneityExplanation:44)Any process that results in a decrease in the free energy of the system is called ________.44)Answer:exergonicExplanation:45)________ is the partial measure of the internal energy of a system; also known as heatcontent.45)Answer:EnthalpyExplanation:10
MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.Match the choice on the left with the choice on the right.46)example of biological workAnswer:B47)endergonicAnswer:C48)phototrophAnswer:AA)green plantB)bioluminescenceC)+̇G; nonspontaneousD)-̇G; spontaneous46)47)48)Match the type of work with the example of that type of work.49)mechanical workAnswer:AA)muscle contraction49)Match the choice on the left with the choice on the right.50)systemAnswer:AA)portion of the universe50)Match the symbol with the appropriate choice to the right.51)̇HAnswer:AA)change in enthalpy51)Match the choice on the left with the choice on the right.52)pressureAnswer:C53)endothermicAnswer:B54)chemotrophAnswer:AA)animalB)heat absorbingC)an example of a state variable52)53)54)Match the type of work with the example of that type of work.55)electrical workAnswer:A56)bioluminescenceAnswer:BA)nerve impulse conductionB)luminous toadstools55)56)11
Match the symbol with the appropriate choice to the right.57)JAnswer:AA)joule57)Match the choice on the left with the choice on the right.58)exothermicAnswer:AA)heat releasing58)Match the type of work with the example of that type of work.59)heatAnswer:AA)maintaining body temperature59)Match the symbol with the appropriate choice to the right.60)̇SAnswer:BA)change in sizeB)change in entropy60)Match the type of work with the example of that type of work.61)synthetic workAnswer:AA)carbon fixation61)Match the symbol with the appropriate choice to the right.62)ƍ̇G°Answer:A63)KeqAnswer:B64)̇GAnswer:EA)standard free energy changeB)equilibrium constantC)change in stored energyD)equation constantE)change in gas pressureF)change in free energy62)63)64)Match the type of work with the example of that type of work.65)concentration workAnswer:AA)accumulation of substances in a cell65)12
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.66)Identify each of the following examples as phototrophs or chemotrophs. If the example is a chemotroph,indicate whether the needs of the chemotroph are met with or without oxygen (aerobic and anaerobic).a.A pine tree grows in a forest.b.A wolf eats the remains of a deer.c.Bacteria consume a rotting tree.d.Bacteria grow in an unopened can of green beans.e.A mushroom grows among pine needles.f.Cyanobacteria are growing in a lake.g.A woman goes jogging for one hour.h.Microorganisms grow near a deep-ocean thermal vent.Answer:a.phototrophb.chemotroph, aerobicc.chemotroph, aerobicd.chemotroph, anaerobice.chemotroph, aerobicf.phototrophg.chemotroph, aerobich.chemotroph, anaerobic67)There are different types of biological work. Can you identify the type of work illustrated by the examplesbelow?a.A man lifts a barbell.b.A sea creature glows in the dark.c.Green plants perform carbon fixation.d.During respiration, protons are transported across the membrane of the mitochondrion.e.Humans maintain a constant body temperature.f.Sodium is accumulated inside a cell.g.A neuron transmits an impulse to a muscle cell.h.Chromosomes are moved along the spindle fibers during mitosis.Answer:a.mechanical workb.bioluminescent workc.synthetic workd.electrical work or concentration worke.heatf.concentration workg.electrical workh.mechanical work13
Answer KeyTestname: C51)B2)C3)E4)A5)E6)C7)E8)A9)A10)E11)B12)E13)B14)D15)B16)D17)A18)E19)D20)D21)A22)E23)A24)E25)D26)D27)E28)E29)A30)B31)C32)A33)Work34)25; 1; 135)Reduction36)Oxidation37)internal energy38)chemotroph39)calorie40)first41)anaerobic42)endergonic43)second; spontaneity44)exergonic45)Enthalpy46)B47)C48)A49)A50)A14
Answer KeyTestname: C551)A52)C53)B54)A55)A56)B57)A58)A59)A60)B61)A62)A63)B64)E65)A66)a.phototrophb.chemotroph, aerobicc.chemotroph, aerobicd.chemotroph, anaerobice.chemotroph, aerobicf.phototrophg.chemotroph, aerobich.chemotroph, anaerobic67)a.mechanical workb.bioluminescent workc.synthetic workd.electrical work or concentration worke.heatf.concentration workg.electrical workh.mechanical work15