Chapter 24: Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances

Chapter 24: Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances

Complete Chapter Questions With Answers

Sample Questions Are Posted Below

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Osmoreceptors located in the hypothalamus control the release of

ANS:  D

Factors that increase secretion of ADH into the blood include increased osmolality of the blood, which is sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus. Release of angiotensin, atrial natriuretic peptide, and aldosterone is not controlled by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.

REF:   Pg. 522

2. Decreased neuromuscular excitability is often the result of

ANS:  A

Hypercalcemia and hypermagnesemia result in decreased neuromuscular excitability. Hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia result in increased neuromuscular excitability.

REF:   Pgs. 531-533

3. What is likely to lead to hyponatremia?

ANS:  D

Sodium is lost from gastric secretions when nasogastric tubes are irrigated with water. The sodium diffuses into the irrigating water and is then lost when the aspirate is withdrawn. Excessive ADH would lead to hyponatremia by retention of water in the body, thus diluting the sodium. Excess aldosterone would increase serum sodium. Normal saline is an isotonic solution and will not alter the serum sodium.

REF:   Pgs. 524-525

4. An increase in the resting membrane potential (hyperpolarized) is associated with

ANS:  A

Hypokalemia increases the resting membrane potential. Hyperkalemia results in hypopolarization. Hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia do not affect the resting membrane potential.

REF:   Pg. 530